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Chapter 5 8-E
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Respiratory system. Moves oxygen from the outside envoirment
into the body.Removes water, and carbon dioxide.
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Respiration. The process in which oxygen and glucose
undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells.
Air- comprised of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent carbon dioxide and other gases.
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Path of air.Nose: lining coded with mucus, cilia and it traps
particulars and warms and moists the hair.Pharynx: passage way for air and food.Epiglottis: flap of tissue that blocks the trachea so
water and food doesn’t go down the wind pipe.Larynx: voice box. Trachea: the airway to the lungs. Ribbed with cartilage
to keep from collapsing. Bronchi: tubes that branch off in the lungs.Lungs: things that make you breathe, contain alveoli.Alveoli: tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the
movement of gases between air and blood.
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Muscles for breathing.Diaphragm: large dome shaped muscle that
pushes the air in and out of the lungs.As the dome moves up, you exhale.As the dome moves down you inhale.
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How you speak.As you breathe air passes over the vocal
cords, causing them to vibrate.Two vocal cords provide all of the sounds we
make.As the length of the vocal cords change the
pitch of your voice goes up to down.
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Smoking and health.Three chemicals: tar, carbon monoxide, and
nicotine.Tar: dark sticky substance that causes the
cilia to clump and not function properly. Carbon monoxide: clear odor less gas, which
causes hemoglobin to not function properly. nicotine: dangerous chemical, that speeds up
the activities of the nervous system, heart, and other organs. Makes the heart beat faster, and blood pressure rise. Produces a addiction or physical appendence on the drug.
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Health problems link to smoking.Bronchitis.Emphysema.Lung cancer.Heart attacks.*passive smoking, or second hand smoke can
cause nonsmokers to have the same problems.
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The excretory system.A system in the body that collects wastes
produced by cells and removes the wastes from the body.
Also called excretion.Urea: a chemical that comes from the
breakdowns of protein.Urine: a watery fluid produced by your
kidneys.
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Parts of the excretory system.Kidneys: filtering systems on each side of the
spine which contain nephrons, eliminate urea, excess water and other waste material.
Ureter: tubes that carry waste to kidney to bladder.
Urinary Bladder: holding tank for urine.Urethra: tube that discharges urine.Nephron: tubes surrounded by capillaries,
where liquids are exchanged between blood and water.