Download - 6.3 Malnutrition
What is Malnutrition???
Malnutrition is a result of a dietary
condition when a person eat less or more than what the body require.
Lack of Protein
kwashiorkorStomach bloated, growth of body and brain retarded, no appetite for food, weak body.
Marasmus Very thin, wrinkled skin
Lack of Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorusRickets (children)
Stunted growth of bones and teeth, weak bones
Lack of Vitamin B12, Ferum
AnemiaPeople with anemia do not have enough red blood cells to adequately supply body tissues with oxygen
Lack of Vitamin B1Beri-beri : Swollen legs and ankles,numness in hands, muscular pain and cramps, fatigue, loss of appetiate.
Lack of Vitamin B3
PellagraDermatitis (skin becomes red and inflamed), diarrhoea and mental disorder
Lack of Iodine
Goiter ( adult) :
Enlarged thyroid glands
Cretinism ( children):
Physical and mental are easily broken
Nutrient Effect of deficiency
Protein kwashiorkor
Vitamin A•Night blindness•Xerophthalmia
Vitamin B1
Beri-beri
Vitamin B3
Pellagra
Vitamin B12 ,Iron Anaemia
Vitamin C Scurvy
Vitamin DCalcium
• Ricket (children)• Osteoporosis (aged adults)
Iodine•Goitre (adults)•Cretinism(children)
Sodium Muscular cramps
ObesityExcessive of Carbohydrates and lipid
Obesity which may lead to high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, cancer
Taking too much sugar can lead to what disease? Diabetes mellitus The presence of excess glucose raise
the blood glucose level The body does not have sufficient
insulin to convert excess glucose to glycogen.
High dose of vitamin D Overload of calcium in blood and
widespread of calcification of soft tissues.
What happened if we put a lot of salt in our food?
Excessive of sodiumCan also cause high blood pressure, factor contribute to heart attack and stroke.
Kidney damaged
The kidney are forced to work harder to remove the excess sodium chloride from the body and thid can lead to kidney damage.
Atherosclerosis The narrowing of arteries due to
saturated fats and cholesterol deposited on the inner walls of arteries, thereby reducing the flow of blood and may eventually cause blockage in artery.
Gout : Excessive uric acid deposits on the joint pain
Uric acid crystalises
and forms stones in the kidney.
Excessive of Protein
Effect of Excessive Intake
Nutrient Effect of excessive
Carbohydrates(sugar)
Obesity
Lipids Atherosclerosis
Protein • gout•Stored in the kidney- damage the kidney
NutrientEffect of excessive
Vitamin A Liver damage
Mineralsa) Sodium
•High blood pressure•Kidney damage
b) Calcium Atherosclerosis
Diet-related diseases1. High blood pressure
Excessive intake saturated fats, cholesterol and calcium
Deposited on the inner walls of arteries
Prevent high blood pressure
Reduce the intake of food which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol
Exercise frequently Reduce the intake of salts in
food, as well as tea and coffee Do smoke Have enough rest
2. Diabetes mellitus Brain----- Stroke Eye ------ High blood pressure damage tiny blood vessel at the back of the eye. ------ blindness
Diabetes mellitusHeart------ Heart disease including chest pain (angina) and heart attackKidneyNerves----- damage the network of nerves, feet and hand tingle, burn or numb ------ lost all sense of feeling
Prevent Diabetes mellitus
Prevent Obesity
Low in saturated fat and
cholesterol
Avoid excessive intake of
carbohydrates (sugar nad
starch)
3. Osteoporosis
• Lack of calcium, phosphorus
and vitamin D in diet
• Low density of bone mass
• Bone become thin and brittle,
and easily broken
A portion of a bone showing the loss of bone mass known as osteoporosis (right) is contrasted with a portion of a healthy bone (left).
Prevent Osteoporosis
Eat food rich in calcium, such as
milk, vegetables and cereal
Avoid excessive intake of protein
(excess protein causes bone lose
calcium)