Download - 5salmonellawatermalaysia
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EFFECT OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS AND
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
K. Ganapathy & Kok H. S.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University Putra Malaysia
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• Protect health and safety of human.
• Protect export market & global acceptance.
• Protect health, production and welfare of chickens.
• Salmonella spp infection in chickens
• Prevention/control and eradication of Salmonellae infection - important
INTRODUCTION
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Antibiotics
Non-absorbable chemicals
Acidifiers
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Phytogenic additives
Antibodies
Other biological substances
CONTROL & PREVENTION
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• Numerous acidifiers brands for water treatment
• Comparative efficacy studies – no ‘standard’ method
• Efficacy of acidifiers under tropical climate is unknown
• Limitation of in-vivo studies (cost, facilities, repeatability and etc)
PROBLEM STATEMENT
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• To determine survival of SE and ST in the drinking water under
Malaysian indoor environment.
• To determine survival of SE and ST in of 7 different products in water
under Malaysian indoor environment.
OBJECTIVE
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Salmonella enteritidis (SE) (Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis)
Salmonella typhimurium (ST) (Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium)
MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY
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IN-WATER TREATMENT
SE Control
Control (sterile tap water and SE)
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500ml
Autoclaved tap water
Items
Homogenized
9ml 1ml overnight culture
10ml mixture
2hr 4hr 6hr 12hr 24hr
100ul
Experiment 1 : In-water Treatment
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10-fold dilutions
20ul
24hours incubation 37OC
counting
100ul
Vortex mixing
plating
900ul deionized distilled water
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0 2 4 6 12 240123456789
10
SE Control
hours
log1
0 cf
u/m
lResults: SE survival in Sterile - Water
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Out of 7 acidifiers and/or prebiotics tested at the dosage recommended by manufactures only two products worked and had effect against the Salmonella enteritidis (SE).
The acidifiers were made from different mixtures of acids such as formic, lactic, propionic, acetic, citric,. The only acidifier that worked, the problem was that it reduced so much pH of water that birds will not drink it.
NOTE
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Acidifier propionic, lactic acid & salts 7.5ml / L pH 3.5
Digestor Broiler
Lactic, citric, fumaric, activated ascorbic acid (citrex) 0.5 ml / L pH 5.9
VinegarHouse vinegar
(acetic acid)3 ml / L pH 6
SEControl
Control (sterile tap water and salmonella)
pH 7
Acidifier-treated water
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500ml
Autoclaved tap water
Items
Homogenized
9ml 1ml overnight culture
10ml mixture
2hr 4hr 6hr 12hr 24hr
100ul
Experiment 1 : In-water Treatment
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10-fold dilutions
20ul
24hours incubation 37OC
counting
100ul
Vortex mixing
plating
900ul deionized distilled water
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0 2 4 6 12 240
2
4
6
8
10
Acidifier D. Broiler Vinager SE Control
hours
log1
0 cf
u/m
lResults: SE survival in acidified-water
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ST ControlControl
(sterile tap water and ST)
In-water Treatment ST
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0 2 4 6 12 240
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ST Control hours
log
10cf
u/m
lResults: ST survival in water
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Out of 7 acidifiers and/or prebiotics tested at the dosage recommended by manufactures only two products worked and had effect against the Salmonella typhimurium (ST).
The acidifiers were made from different mixtures of acids such as formic, lactic, propionic, acetic, citric,. The only acidifier that worked, the problem was that it reduced so much pH of water that birds will not drink it.
NOTE
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PRODUCT INGREDIENTS DOSAGEpH of solution
in water
Acidifierpropionic, lactic acid
& salts7.5ml / L pH 3.5
Digestor Broiler
Lactic, citric, fumaric, activated ascorbic acid (citrex) 0.5 ml / L pH 5.9
VinegarHouse vinegar
(acetic acid)3 ml / L pH 6
SEControl
Control (sterile tap water and salmonella)
pH 7
Acidifier-treated water
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0 2 4 6 12 240
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Acidifier D. Broiler Vinager ST Control
hour
log1
0cfu
/ml
Results: ST survival in acidified water
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• Current methodology • High survival• Drinking water• Indoor environment
• Suitable for efficacy studies…
• Digester Broiler showed remarkable
reduction of SE and ST
Discussion
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In-water - a workable in vitro methodology was found.
- Digester Broiler Liquid Dosage 0.5ml / 1L water
Reduced significantly SE & ST titers.
Conclusion
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In-water
….in vivo studies
under control (experimental) and/or field condition
Ultimate assessment…
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Research students & assistants- Dr.Mahadevan- Mr. Phi Lip- Mr. Tan Chin Giap
Prof. Ho & Ms.Vicky (IBS)
Prof Madya Dr.Saleha, En.Kamar, En.Hajar
Pharmaceutical companies including Rhonema (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Other directly or indirectly assisted…
Acknowledgement