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5G Trend
Eric Tsang
Communications Technologies Division, ASTRI
March 2016
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Cellular Technology (1980s – 2020)
1G 2G 3G 4G / LTE
Voice
DigitalAnalog + Data
+ Internet
+ HD Video
+ Apps + VoIP
+ Mobility
+ Message
+ Position
5G
100Kbps 10Mbps 1Gbps 100x higher
100x data rate
100x devices
M2M
Lower latency
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But what really 5G is?
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Use case 1: Virtual Reality
Samsung demoed a roller coaster simulator at Mobile World Congress (MWC) in Barcelona
Source: Samsung, wiki
Virtual reality or virtual realities (VR), which can
be referred to as immersive
multimedia or computer-simulated
reality,[1] replicates an environment that simulates
a physical presence in places in the real world or
an imagined world, allowing the user to interact in
that world. Virtual realities artificially create
sensory experiences, which can include sight,
touch, hearing, and smell.
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VR Applications
Medical Education Entertainment Gaming Fashion
Education Business Meeting Environment
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Future??
5G World
Higher Data Rate, i.e. 100Gpbs to support reality video
Lower latency, i.e. <1ms, ~human response time
Massive number of devices, i.e. Over 100K, machine-to-machine communications
Source: Matrix
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Use Case 2: Self-driving
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsaES--OTzM
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Google Car
Who is responsible?
Google self-driving car crashes into a bus [Feb 29]
5G World
Very low lower latency, i.e. <1ms,
Ultra-reliable, diversity , multiple antennas, multiple base-stations
Device-to-device communications, warning, short latency
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移動寬帶
大規模機器通信 高可靠低時延通信
Moving towards 5G
Usage scenarios of IMT for 2020 and beyond(IMT: International Mobile Telecommunication system)
9Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0 (09/2015), IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond
ITU: International Telecommunication Union
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Enhanced Mobile Broadband
To increase 1000x channel capacity• More spectrum => Use of higher frequencies
• Higher SNR => Interference mitigation/ smaller cell size
• More antennas => Massive MIMO
• More base-stations => NVF/ Dense small cell network
10
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Low Latency & Ultra Reliable
Latency distribution on Tactile Internet Device-to-device communications
Similar performance for lower SINRMassive MIMO or Distributed antennas
Source: Ericsson
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Massive Machine Type Communications
Source: Qualcomm
By the end of 2015, almost 5 billion 'things' are connected to the Internet. That number will have risen to 25 billion by 2020
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What would be the 5G
network look like?
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Impacts on Infrastructure
How can 5G networks address diverse use cases?- Use cases have distinct and stringent performance expectations
- Need varying degree of adaptability to efficiently and dynamically use radio resources
Technology trends- Technology is improving: RAN enhancements for improved data rate, improved spectrum
efficiency, improved reliability, and reduced latency
(e.g. HetNet UDN, FD-MIMO massive MIMO, cell centric device centric, etc.)
- Configurability: Advances in software configurability that allows new 5G infrastructures.
- Network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined edge/cloud infrastructures
- Networks could be configured to meet application demands (e.g. data rate, number of
connections, latency, etc.)
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4G Networks vs. 5G Networks
Macrocell base station
Small cell base station
Terminal
Core Network
4G Networks
• All devices are connected to a
core network with similar network
parameters (e.g. latency,
capacity, throughput,…)
• Optimized for particular
deployment scenario, not
different use cases.
Vision for 5G Networks
• NFV dynamically configures
resources in spectrum,
physical/protocol layer
processing and networking
processing.
• Network slicing optimizes
different use cases
Edge
Cloud
Software configurable infrastructure
Softwarized Core Network
Slicing
eM
BB
mM
TC
UR
LLC Flexible
BBU/RRU splitting
UDN
V2XMassive MIMO
Dynamic Spectrum Access
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NFV and Software Configurable Infrastructures
Small cells LTE
Cloud, NFV/SDN based Network
IOT management
Platform
Devices
Access Layer
Core Layer
Application Layer
Smart LivingSmart CityInternet of Vehicle
Bluetooth Low Energy
Augmented Reality
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It is widely expected that first 5G commercial networks will be launched
around 2020…
What building blocks we have
today towards creating 5G
networks?
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ASTRI Highlights
Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute (ASTRI) is a
government subvention organization, focuses on ICT (Information Communication
Technology) R&D and to transfer its results to industries.
R&D Capability
Among the current 500+ staff, 420 (~85%) are R&D with
(25% PhD, 50%MS, and 25%BS)
Patent Portfolio
880+/504 filed/granted; Tech transfer 450+ since 2009, 88 in FY13/14
Strategy
1. National level at 13-FYP
2. Regional for local industry
3. Collaboration Platforms
• Consortiums
• Joint labs/R&D centers
• Industry / universities
4. Talent training
5 Initiatives + CNERC
1. Financial Technology
2. Intelligent Manufacturing
3. Next Generation Network
4. Health & Medical
5. Smart Cities
6. CNERC: National ASIC System Engineering Research Center, Hong Kong Branch
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ASTRI’s end-to-end LTE small cell technology solution• End to end solution: from physical layer to network and management layers• Extensive Interoperability Test with partners at labs and in the field• Commercial-grade products, ready for deployment
CT Technologies: LTE/4G
• Evolved Packet Core (EPC)• Small Cell Gateway• Security Gateway• WiFi AC
• FDD/TD-LTE LTE Small Cell BB• RF Front-end• Active Antenna System
Internet
End to end LTE network reference architecture
User Equipment Base Station
• LTE Network Management
Radio Access Network (RAN) Mobile Core Network
• FDD/TD-LTE RFIC• TD-LTE/SCDMA RFIC
Mobile Core Network
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Indoor Network
LTE Small Cell(indoor)
Security GatewaySmall Cell Gateway
EPC
Network Management
Software
WIP Lab
Internet
Open Wireless Innovation Platform (WIP)
LTE Small Cell(outdoor)
Outdoor Network
20
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Commercial Products from ASTRI
TD-LTE Data Card for Expo 2010 (Rel.8)
LTE UE Prototype
Cat 3 TD-LTE Data Card (Rel.8)
Cat 4 TD-LTE Data Card (Rel.9)
Cat 4 TD-LTE/LTE FDD Dual-mode Data Card (Rel.9)
LTE FemtocellPrototype
PicoChip LTE Femtocell
LTE Small Cell (Innofidei)
LTE Small Cell (Sunnada)
LTE Small Cell/Relay(Airspan)
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Operators and IOTs
China Mobile Hong Kong TDD/FDD handover testing 2012
In 2011, China Mobile organized the TD-LTE field trials in 7 cities
ASTRI/ Innofidei UE was 1 of 3 UE SoC vendors that completed the trial
March 2014, ASTRI/Sunnada small cells pass ~90% China Mobile Research Institute conformance tests (2012 – 2014)
June 2014, passed China Mobile Research Institute small cell IOT testing.
Dec 2015: Rank #1 candidate in CMCC small cell tender. Their OEM partner is also selected in the list of tender.
China Mobile Research Institute Small Cell IOT 2014
First 3 UE vendors
EPC & Gateway
Phones
TDD nanocell
ASTRI closely work with operators and partners to perform IOT and trials
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Small Cell Commercialization
ASTRI enabled partners to commercialize the small cell reference design
24/12/2015: Sunnada is Rank #1 candidate in CMCC small cell tender. Their OEM partner is also selected in the list of tender.
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Certifications
China GovernmentMIIT Test Results (Full compliance)
ISO 9001
MIIT Certificate
入网许可证
ASTRI assisted partners to obtain small cell certifications
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ASTRI’s 5G R&D and Opportunities
4G
Next Generation Network
BBU Virtualization
OpenStack
UDN
Multi-RAT Aggregation
Mobile Edge Computing
Network Slicing
UDN
Massive MIMO
LAA/LWA
D2D/V2X
5G Research
5G research• Innovation• Standardization • Knowledge Sharing• Technology Demos
Commercial 5G Network
Pre-commercial 5G Platform
Rich ASTRIIP portfolios
Sharing customers for more opportunities
ASTRI 5G R&D focuses on 5G research and Next Generation Network (NGN) development 5G research impacts the standardization and NGN evolves over standardization ASTRI’s pre-commercial platform enables the 5G evolution and attracts more customers Interim outcomes (e.g. patents, demos and reference designs) enrich our partners competences
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ASTRI’s 5G Research Activities
Standardization Activities
Innovation
Technology Demos
Knowledge Sharing
5G Transmitter
5G UE1
5G UE2
(Relay link)
×(Out of range)D2D Coverage Extension:
D2D communication demo in MWC 2016 [Feb 2016]
Based on LTE Rel. 12/13 D2D sidelink with enhancements Support multicast and relaying
NB-IOT demo in MWC 2016 [Feb 2016]
3GPP Cat-0 /Cat-M /NB-IOT UE demo
FuTURE Forum Contributed 3 sections to UDN white paper [Nov 2015]
Cell Virtualization with Single Carrier Complex Interference in Future UDN Advanced Interference Management in UDN
3GPP Co-signed contributions on
LAA workshop [Aug 2015]
NB-IoT RAN 1 [Sept 2015 – Now]
5G workshop [Sept 2015]
Patents and innovation disclosure with Tier 1 Phone and base-station vendors [2015 - Now]
8 patents filed in 2015 on 5G technologies > 15 patents target in 2016
Patent assignment with Tier 1 Phone vendor [2013]
5G Technical reports and presentations Massive MIMO technical proposal [Oct 2015]
Feasibility Study for D2D/V2X Communication [Dec 2015]
Feasibility Study for LAA [Dec 2015]
Ultra-Dense Network: A Paradigm Shift for Network Deployment [Nov 2015]
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UDN solutions
Massive MIMO signal processing
LAA to unlicensed spectrum
D2D / V2X communications
UDN: Ultra-dense network MIMO: Multiple input multiple output LAA: Licensed assisted access D2D: Device-to-device V2X: Vehicle-to-everything
Deploy many low power base stations• More base stations to support high traffic
capacity, high user data rate, and many connections
• Each base station has fewer and more close by users, thus reducing latency
Increasedarea traffic capacity
Increaseduser data rate
Reducedlatency
Increasedconnection density
Increasednetwork energy efficiency
ChallengeAir Interface Technologies
Use many antennas at a base station• Improve signal quality, thus increasing traffic
capacity, data rate, and energy efficiencyBetter robustness against wireless channel
effects and hardware imperfectionsEnhance signal power and suppress
interference power
Offload to free unlicensed spectrum• Alleviate traffic capacity and data rate
bottleneck with limited licensed spectrum• Opportunistically exploit underutilized
unlicensed spectrum
Direct communication between terminals• Communication without transiting via the
network, thus reducing latency and increasing efficiency
• Enhancements for local area communication
ASTRI’s 5G Research Focus
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Next Generation Network
ASTRI’s Next Generation Network (NGN) consists of BBU virtualization. It supports
Higher Capacity/Density – Indoor hot spot areas with higher capacity
Higher Flexibility and Power Saving – Centralized BBU allows “Dynamic Cell Combine and Split”
Higher Performance – Support advanced MIMO with interference control.
Femto/
Pico/
Micro/
Metro cells
Stadium
AirportUniversity
Shopping Mall
BBU pool
Virtualization
RRU
macro
Front-haul
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ASTRI’s BBU pool
Edge
OpenStack (Orchestration)
Access Edge AggregationCore (NFV)
& Data CenterDevice
ASTRI’s NGN solution supports virtualization and is based on general purpose processor (GPP)
ASTRI IP (BBU pool)
ASTRI IP(Virtualization)
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ASTRI’s NFV Core
ASTRI FastCloud Orchestrator
Compute Node
LTE Small Cell
WindRiver Titanium/OPNFV/Intel ONP
Intel CPU/NIC/QuickAssit Adapter
ASTRI vLTESmall cell
Gateway
UE
UE
VM
ASTRI vSecurity Gateway
ASTRI HA
Framework
ASTRI vEPC
VM VM VM
Internet
Intel® Open Network PlatformNote:2x Compute Nodes2x Cloud Controller Nodes
ASTRI FastCloud
OrchestratorBenefits:• Network configuration in a few
clicks• Significantly reduce network
deployment complexity and time
ASTRI NFV Solution
Orchestrator is a workflow management solution for automated arrangement, coordination, management, and deployment of resources in your NFV environment.
Intel® Network
Builders
PARTNER
Intel® Network
Builders
PARTNER
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Use Case 1: BBU pool with MEC
Indoor/Outdoor coverage(Dynamic offload)
Internet-of Things (M2M)
Low latency Vehicle Communications (V2V/V2x)
Intel X86/FSL ARM/ SDR Platform
Virtual BBU/Stack Pool
VM
L1/MAC/RLC
VM
PDCP/L3/OAM
VM
Central SON
VM
PDCP/L3/OAM
MEC Server
Measurement/S1/X2/IP data
MEC Hosting Infrastructure and Application Platform
VM
Location Tracking
VM
M2M Analysis
VM
RAN aware
Optimize
VM
Content & Cache
RRH (Ethernet)
Deployment Scenarios
BBU Pool with MEC
BBU pool Architecture
Wifi for LWA
Flexible Connectivity
Macro-cells Small cells
ASTRI’s BBU pool supports Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) Suitable for different deployment scenarios, e.g. indoor and outdoor, M2M and V2X Support Multi-RAT e.g. WiFi/LTE/LAA/LWA/TVWS
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OpenStack Implementation on BBU pool
C-RAN ControllerNode
GlanceDataBase
Keystone
Policy Backend
Glance
Horizon
Neutron Server (Neutron)
Hardware Resource
OpenStack Compute
Compute Network Storage
Virtualization layer
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
Accelerated Data PlaneHardware
Accelerator
vNIC
DPDK
Open vSwitchRRH
OpenStack Image Service OpenStack Identity Service
OpenStack Networking
External Bridge
Tunnel Bridge
Router
C-RAN Controller Node
GlanceData Base
Keystone
Policy Backend
Glance
Horizon
Accelerated Data PlaneHardware
Accelerator
vNIC
DPDK
Open vSwitch
Accelerated Data PlaneHardware
Accelerator
vNIC
DPDK
Open vSwitch
Hardware Resource
OpenStack Compute
Compute Network Storage
Virtualization layer
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
Hardware Resource
OpenStack Compute (Nova)
Compute Network Storage
Virtualization layer
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
VM
Guest OS
VNF1
High Speed Switch Fabric
Data Plan Traffic
RRH
RRH
RRH
AMQP Message for Control Traffic
Dat
a P
lan
e T
raff
ic
To External Network
Core network
ASTRI’s BBU pool virtualization is based on OpenStack Architecture
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Use Case 2: Satellite-Ground Communications
Satellite beamforming
LTE massive MIMO beamforming
Fiber
Ground station
Inside ship covered by small cells
160km
BBU Pool with multi-RAT aggregation
ASTRI’s BBU pool supports multi-RAT aggregation (e.g. Private network) Flexible deployment of multiple cells for coast coverages. (100km coverage) Massive MIMO to enhance coverage. (100 antennas for x10 distance coverage) Satellite-ground station integration on BBU pool (improve handover latency, mobile edge
applications)
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Use Case 3: 5G UDN
Virtual layer
Real layer
Cell virtualization(i.e., base stations
cooperation to form a virtual cell)
Low powerbase station
Control-plane signals User-plane signals
Control-plane / User-plane (C/U) splitting between 2 layers
Terminal moves within a virtual cell
Cell virtualization & C/U splitting facilitate mobility
management for UDN
ASTRI’s BBU pool supports ultra-dense network (UDN) in 5G
Terminals move frequently across base station coverage areas impacting quality of
experience
Co-channel base stations create mutual interference
ASTRI IPs and reference design
• Mobility management based on control/user plane (C/U) splitting and cell virtualization
Algorithms for reducing handover rate and signaling overhead
Algorithms for UE mobility tracking
• Interference mitigation, i.e., reduced message exchange, cell on/off
BBU Pool with C/U Splitting and Cell Virtualization
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Use case 4: Network Slicing
RRHPool
RRHPool Neutron
Server (Neutron)
RRHPool
Hardware Resource
Edge Cloud
Compute Network Storage
Virtualization layer
VM
Guest OS
Access Mgt
High Speed Switch Fabric
To External Network
Acc
eler
ated
Dat
a P
lan
Car
d
C-RAN ControllerNode
C-RAN Controller
Node
Session Mgt
Acc
eler
ated
Dat
a P
lan
Car
d Multi-media Slice
VM
Guest OS
Mobility Mgt
Charging
VM
Guest OS
V2x server
VM
Guest OS
Media server
Data Plan Traffic Core network
Mission-critical IoT Slice
Massive IoT Slice
Phone Slice
ASTRI’s BBU pool supports Network Slicing in 5G Each network slice layer can utilized different accelerated computation resources to serve a
variety of devices with different characteristics and needs, i.e. four network slices Multi-media Slice – High capacity and video cache Phone Slice – High mobility Massive IoT Slice – Massive connection gateway Mission critical IoT Slice – Low latency and high reliability
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ASTRI @ MWC2016
ASTRI Technologies showcased at MWC16
D2D
MTC 5G MIMO SmartHome NFV Core/Gateway
LTE/LTE-A Marco Cell
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End of PresentationThank you. Questions are welcome.
Corporate website: www.astri.org
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ASTRI’s NGN BBU poolFeatures. ASTRI NGN BBU
Server platform Intel x86 IA architecture on Artesyn MaxCore HA
OS/Virtualization Windriver with Open-stack
Remote unit platform RRH with FPGA
Application Mini-CRAN (96 sectors)
Standard 3GPP Rel-10
Bandwidth 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
Duplexing TDD & FDD in same code base
# of users 256 users per sector16 UEs/TTI
Cell Size 10 - 100 km
Mobility 160 km/h - 500 km/h
Throughput DL: 300Mbps per sectorUL: 150Mbps per sector
MAC scheduling RR, PF, QoS
UE support Category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Synchronization GPS, 1588v2
Advanced features Aggregation: CA /LAA/ LWAInterference management: TM7/8 beamforming, DL/UL SU_MIMO, Joint transmission and Joint receive without antenna calibrationVoice: VoLTE (SPS with DRX, ROHC) Platform: HA, VM life-migration UDN Mobility: Mobility Tracking, UE content sharing, Centralized SON
ASTRI NGN solution is based on GPP.