Download - 54680702 Storage Tanks
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Western Region EL & P
Chevron
STORAGE TANKS TANK SELECTION - (JAC) A, GENERAL B , BASIC DATA REQUIREDCAPACITY SEEVICEAND USE LIQUIDPROPERTIES SITE CONDITIONS FIREPROTECTION REQUI~EMENTS GOYERNMENTAL REGULATIONS C, TANK DIMENSIONS CONE ROOF TANKS SHELL THICKNESS LIMITATIONS SEISMICDESIGNLIMITATIONS D, ROOF SELECTION GENERAL VAPOR EMIssI ON CONTROL (EVAPORATION LOSSES) FIRE PROTECTION EXPLOSIONH A Z A ~ B VAPOR SPACE CORROSION E, GONE WOOFS F , BOTTOM GONFIGU2ATION11,
TANK DESIGN - (JAC) A, GENERAL
BPI STANDARD 650 A$ I IBt4OGRkY
SPEC IFHCATIBNS E6-967 AND E6-968AVAILABLE COMPUTER PROGWMS
BASIC DATA DESZGPJMETAL TEHPEXATUREM ~ x z i d u nFILLIHG AND EHPTYINGRATES DESIGN ~ H N VELQCISY D%ARTHQUAKE ZONE
ROOF
LOADING
OVERALL DESHGfl CONSIDERATIONS C ~ ~ R O S I ALLO~~ANCE ONBRITTLE FRACTURE AND QUALITYOF
STEEL
SULFIDE CRACKINGAND TANKSSTEELS
BOWOPI DESIGN!~ATER~ALS
ANF~ULWRBOTTOMPLATES AND SKETCH PLATES
PERHISSHBLE SETVLEHENT CATHODIC PROTECT ION
SHELL DESIGN
SELECTIO~I OF DESIGNBASIS WIND Ssasr~~r OF v BANK SHELLSEARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE CONE ROOF DESIGN\ATE~IALSOF
TANKS
FRANG 1BLE ROOF JOINT
K
MISCELLANEOUS
PREPRIMING OF TANK STEEL111, SELECTION O f APPURTENANCES - (JRS) A,
B,C,
IrdTRODUCTHBa FORMS EF-33C3 AND EF-3SFR COMPA!iY DRAW I IGS API STWblDAWDS MAtiUFACTURERS' STANDARDS
D,E, F,IV,
ECOtiOMY
I M SELECTIOj
TAMK OPENINGS - (JRS) A. BPI SHELL 14AflWOLES
B,C,
LARGER ACCESSWAY SMELL NOZZLES
D,
SWELL CLEANOUTSFLUSH-TYPE CLEANOUTS
3oow SWEETCLEANBUTSE, F, ELBOW 6UTiEB SIPHOf4-TYPE WATER
DRAWOFF
G,H,
WATER DRAWOFF SUF4PS
UtiDER-BO$TOH COliFiECTI Or4HATER D ~ A H O F ELBOWS F COMB I ~ ~ A T I O M CLEANOUT AND WATER DRAW
LARGE BOTTOM? ~ Q Z Z L E SBQTTOW SUMP
I, ROOF MANHOLES FUNCTION STANDARDAPI ROOF ~YANHOLE
J,K, L,V,
RECTANGULAR WOOF WINDOW SHEETS
?!ANHOLE
GAGE FLOAT I N INSPECTION HATCH API ROOF NOZZLES
GAGING AND SAPIPLING DEVICES - (JRS)
A,8,
VAPOR-TIGHT GAGE HATCH FUMNEL-TYPE THIEF AND GAGE HATCH MULTIPLE USE HATCH GAGE WELLS FIXED RQOF TANKS TANK GAGING
C,D,E,
VI,
OPERATING DEVICES - (JRS) A, SWING PIPESGENERAL
ELBOW SY I M G $0 I NTSCABLES
W~~cts~s
B,
CABLE SHEAVESFOR COME ROOF TANKS TANK HEATERS AND HEAT LOSSESGENERAL
INTERNAL HEATERS
EXTERNAL HEATERS TANK MIXERS PROPELLERTYPE TANK 1 4 1 x 1 ~ YOZZLES ~ THEUIAL CtOS i NG HANK VALVESGENE~AL
USESMA 1 NTENANCE TYPES OF VALVES
VII,
VAPOR RELIEF - FIXED ROOF - (JWSI A, GENERAL
B,
VEMTIYG CAPACITY At49 PRESSURESOPEN VEHTS
BREATHERVALYESEMERGENCY VENTS
VIII,
ACCESS - (JRS)A, LADDERS
B,
STAIRSHANDRAILS SPEC I A t NALKYAY%
C,
D,IX,
ORDERING DATA - (JWC)
A,B,
GENERAL TANK 8 APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE REFERENCE DRAidIdGS TANK SPECIFICATIBHS PLANT REGULATIONS OTHER DOCUIENTS L I S T SHEETS
C,
D,
En F,
G,
TANK LOCATIOM - (JAC) A, CONSIDERATIONS OPERATING REQUIRE~IENTS TOPOGZAPHY FIRE PRBTECTHONREQUI UTILIZATIONOF
REPENTS
PROPERTY
B,
LOCAT I Of4 AdD SPAC I MG GENERAL DISTANCE Ways SHELL-TO-SWELL SPACING SPACINGFROMFWO:4 ~ % ? O P E ~ T LINES Y AND
PUBLIC
OPERATING FACILITIES
C,
IMPOUNDING
AND D R A I ~ A G E
DRAINAGE TAMK YARD WALLS DIKE ENCLOSURE CAPACITY INTERMEDIATE CURBS OR DRAINAGE CHANNELS
TANK FOUNDATIONS - (JAC)
A, B, C,
SCOPE PURPOSE INTRODUCTIOII BACMGROUl\aT) SOIL PROPERTIES SETTLEMNT EDGE SETTLEWENT
D.
E, F,
BES I Gi4 GUIDELINESSITE COiiDITIO3IS SOIL TYPE SMALL TANKS CORROSION ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ADDITIONAL IMFORl4ATION
6,
H,J,XII,
I, APPURTE?iANCES
CONNECTING LINES (JAC)
A,
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
B,
C, D,E,
F, G, H,
REQUIZEFIEflTS FOR FLEXIBILITY METHODS O F PROVIDING FLEXIBILITY PIPING BENDS VALVES AND FITTINGS FLEXIBLE JOINTS FLEXIBLE METAL HOSE FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE
XIII,
TANK MAINTEMANCE - (MWM) A,SCOPE CLEAN I NG GENERAL ACCESS DOOR SHEETS@,AND
B,
ROOF
~INDOWS
SHELL GENERAL RERATINGAND
RETIRING
STRESSES
D,
FREQUENCY OF INSPECTI ON INSPECTION OF SHELL LAMINATED PLATE REFERENCES BOT'TOPIS GENERAL STRESSES EVIDENCE OF FAILURE INSPECTION AFTER CLEANING SANPLES SHELL TO BOTTOM CONNECTION UPPER SURFACE CORROSION REPAIR OF DEFECTS BY WELDING NAJQRBOTTOM REPAIR HETHQBS REFERENCES FIBERGLASS WE INFORCED POLYESTER COATINGS UNREINFORCED PLASTIC COATINGS METAL-BEAR ING COAT INGS
CONCRETE FILL
GEL^ MUD FILLS CATHODIC PROTECTION ROOFGENERAL
FOUIiDAY ION PADSETTLEHENT DUETO
CO~I!PRESSION
PROTECTIVE COATI iVGS
INTERNAL PROTECTIONUSEOF
GUWITEAND
?LAST1c COAT1MG
PATCH1NG
REFERENCESPAINTING REFERENCE APROMS ANII GUTTERSGENERAL
H,
XIV
HOT TAPPING OF TAHKS A,
IN SERVICE - (JAC)
B,C, D E,8
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIBfiS
EQUIPMENTINSPECTIOf4 STAHDARDS PROCEDURE SMALL COMNECTIONS UPTO
F8
2 INCHES
G,XV
PIPE CONNECTIONS OVER 2 INCHES FIRE PROTECTION
DETERMINATION OF INSPECTION INTERVALS - (NWM) A, SCOPE B , OBJECTIVE C , DEFINITIONS B , INSPECTIONS E, I MSPECTIBN INTERVAL F, OTHER FACTORS G , CORROSION H, CORRECTIVE WORK I , REPORTS PRODUCTION TANKS - (JRS) A, I NTRODUCTION B, CODE AND STAPdDARDS API STANDARESOSjA ~ E G U L A T I O M S
XVI ,
C,
REGULATIONS DESI GM COiiSSDERATIOfiS SCOPE GENERAL COLD ~IEWTHER SERVICE W I N D STABILITY EARTHQUAKE STABILITYOTHER
I, TANK SELECTIOM
A,
GENERALTHEPURCHASE OF A TANK OR GROUP OF TANKS INVOLVESPHASES OF E N G I N E E R I N G WORM BEFORE CAN BE A
THREE
PRIMARY COVERING
CONTRACT
FA3RICATION
AND
ERECTION
COMPLETED, AND TYPEAND
THESE PHASESOF,
ARE:
SELECTFOR
THE TANK DIMENSIONSTHE SERVICE
ROOF
APPROPRIATE DESIGN THE
CONDITIONS SELECT
LOCATION,
TANK,
AND WORK AND
FINALLY,
THE
PROPER APPURTENANCES,
THIS
I S NECESSARY FOR THE
PREPARATION
OF
THEFOR
TANK
FORMS, EF-33CRFLOATING-ROOF DESCRIBINGAND
CONE-ROOF
APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE TANKS AND EF-33FW FORTANK,
TANKS,
WHICH ARE THE B A S I C DOCUMENTS F O 2 AAND
SPECIFYINGOF
FULLARE
SIZE
TRANSPARENC I ES
EF-33CR
EF-333
AVAILABLE
FROM
CORPOWATIOPI ENGINEERING,INFORMATION VERTICAL
THE
AND
GUIDANCE
PROVIDED
IS
DIRECTED TANKS FOR
TOWARD
ABOVE-GROUND SINCE THEY
WELDED
STEEL
ATMOSPHERIC
STORAGE
REPRESENT
THE
MAJORITY
OF TANKS USED WITHIN
THE
COMPANY,OF
THE
FOLLOWING
BIANUALS
THE
CORPORATION
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT MUSTTANKS :
BE CONSULTED I N S E L E C T I N G AND D E S I G N I N S
IN ADDITION, THE FOLLOWING DESIGN PRACTICES OF THE CORPORATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PROVIDE USEFUL TOOLS,.
AND INFORMATION:
1, 2,3,"4.
D-131-8 D-131-9 D-131-10 D-131-15
FIRE PROTECTION FOR LARGE TANKS COHPUTEW PROGRAMS,WIND 1" AND WIND 2% COMPUTERPROGRAM,AP165" COMPUTERPROGRAN,TANKE
B,
BASIC DATA
THE NOMINALTHE SHELL
CAPACITY IS THE TOTAL VOLUME TO THE TOP OFEXPRESSED
IN
ROUND
NUHBERS;
THE
GROSS
CAPACITY IS THE SAME VOLUME ACCURATE STATED,
THE
OPERATING CAPACITY IS USABLE VOLUME,
THE
DIFFERENCE
REPRESENTS DEAD STORAGE WHICH IS UNAVAILABLE BECAUSE OF LIMITATIONS ON BOTH THE MAXIMUM FILLING HEIGHT AND THE
MI N I MUMHOLD TO
wI THDRAWALA MINIMUM
LEVEL.AND
UNAVAILABLESHOULD NOT
I NVENTORY SHOULD BE OVERLOOKED IN
S I Z I N G A TANK,
ROST
OPERATING O R G A N I Z A T I O N S HAVE
STANDARDS WHIC51 AND
S P E C I F Y THE SAFE F I L L I N G H E I G H T FOR NEW TANKS,
T H I S WILL F I X THE UNUSED STORAGE VOLUME AT THE TOP OF THE TANK,
FOR CONE ROOF TANKS, , . BE 6" TO 12" OF SHELL:5
THIS HEIGHT,
STOWAGE WILL GENERALLY
FOR
TANKS
LOCATED
IN
EARTHQUAKE BE GIVEN TO
ZONES
3
AND
4,THE
CONSIDERATION
SHOULD
INCREASING
UNUSED VOLUME A T THE TOP OF THE TANK TO ALLOW FOR SLOSHING OF THE CONTENTS THAT MAY OCCUR D U R I N G Afd EARTHQUAKE I M ORDER TO AVOID STOCK SPILLAGE AND
DANAGE TO THE ROOF AND UPPER SHELL.FREEBOARD OF
GENERALLY,
A
2
FEET
WILL
BE
SUFFICIENT,
INTHE
C O N S I D E R I N G WHETHER TO P R O V I D E T H I S FREEBOARD,
P R O B A B I L I T Y OF OCCURRENCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE W I T H A F U L L TANK AND THE PROBABLE LOSS DUE TO SLOSHING I F FREEBOARD IS NOT PROVIDED SHOULD BE WEIGHED
A G A I N S T THE VALUE OF THE UNUSED STORAGE C A P A C I T Y ,
IN THE
FINAL
DESIGNSSHOULD
EVERY REASONABLEBE GIVEN TO
AND ECONOMICTHIS
CONSIDERATION INVENTORY,
MINIrUIIZIMG
THEMUST
MINIMUM
OPERATINGTHE
LEVEL
FOR A CONE ROOF TANK
SATISFY
SUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
OF
THE
L I Q U I D WITHDRAWAL PUMPS,
THERETHAN
ARE
SITUATIONS
IN
NHICH
SERVICE
AND USE CONDITIONS.
BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE8 WILL D I C T A T E TANK S E L E C T I O N RATHER THE LIQUID PROPERTIES AND REQUIRED CAPACITY OF THE
F I R S T STOCK TO BE STBREE).
MOSTCONE IN
OFTEN THESE WILL RELATE TO
THE TYPE OF ROOF SELECTED,JET FUEL MAY REQUIRE A
FOR EXAMPLE,WOOF ORDER TANK TO
STORAGE OF FINISHEDEQUIPPED MAINTAIN WITH AM
INTERNAL
FLOATING
ROOF
PRODUCT
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S W I T H RESPECT 80 WATER CONTENT,
DATA
ON THE FOLLOWING
LIQUID
PROPERTIES
IS
REQUIRED
FOR BOTH
TANK S E L E C T I O N AND TANK D E S I G N :
1, 2,3,
SPECIFIC
GRAVITYPSIA
4,
TRUE VAPOR PRESSURE, CORROSIVITY FLASHPOINT
KNOWLEDGEALLOWABLE FACTOR IN
OF
THE
SITE
CONDITIONS PRESSURE TANK
WILLMAY
BE BE
REQUI~ED, THE
THE
SOIL
BEARING THE
CONTROLLING DIFFERENTIAL
SELECTING
HEIGHT,
SOME
SETTLEMENT BETWEEN THE TANK P E R I P H E R Y AND THE CENTER OF THE TANK OVER CAN THE NORMALLY ENTIRE BE ACCOMMODATED, IS SELDOM A AND U N I F O R M SETTLEMENT EXCEPT IN THE
AREA
PROBLEM
D E S I G N OF TANK L I N E S ,
IN SEISMICALLYTO DETERMINE EARTHQUAKE,
A C T I V E AREAS, THE POTENTIAL
THE S I T E SHOULD B E I N V E S T I G A T E D FOR LIQUEFACTION DURING AM
OTHER
SITE
CONDITIONS
WHICH
MAY
AFFECT
TANK
DIMENSIONS
INCLUDE :
1,
SPACE
AVAILABLE
MAY
BE
RESTRICTED
REQUIRING
HIGHER
TANKS THAN M I G H T OTHERWISE TO ECONOMICAL,
2,
TOPOGRAPHY ANDLIMIT THE
REQUIREDOF
EARTHWORK MAY BETHE TANK AND
SUCH
AS
TO
DIAMETER
CORRESPONDINGLY
INCREASE THE H E I G H T ,
3,
PREVAILING
HEIGHT
IN
AN ESTABLISHED
TANK AREA MAY LIMIT
D E V I A T I O N THEREFROM I N ORDER TO M A I N T A I N l l N IFORM ACCESS BETWEEN TANKS, OTHER REASONS, GENERAL APPEARANCE OF THE GROUP, OR FOR
THE FIRE PROTECTION MANUALGOVERNMENTALOF TANK REQUIREMENTS D I M E N S I O N S AND THE
DEFINES
COMPANY,THE
INDUSTR ANDTYPE OF ROOF,
THAT
w ILL
AFFECT THE DETERHINAT ION
S E L E C T I O N OF
THESE INCLUDE : 1.SPACINGLINES,
OF
TANKS
AND
MINIMUM
DISTANCE
FROM
PROPERTY
2,
THEFEET
TYPE
OF
ROOF
REQUIRED
FOR CERTAIN
SERVICES,
FOR 120ANY OF
EXAMPLE,
FLOATING
ROOFS ARE REQUIRED ARE USED FOR
ON TANKS OVER STORAGE
DIANETER
THAT
THE
STOCK H A V I N G A F L A S H P O I N T LOWER THAN
100oF,
ASIDE
FROM
THE
FIRE
PROTECTION
THE
MAIN
THRUST
OF
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS RELATED TO TANK SELECTION I S I N THE AREA OF A I R Q U A L I T Y CONTROL,
FOR ANYTHAT
GIVEN
CAPACITY
THERE WILL BE SEVERAL PRACTICALAND HEIGHT, HAVE
COMBINATIONSMAY
OF DIAMETER TANK
SITE
CONDITIONS
AFFECT
DIMENSIONS
BEEN PREVIOUSLY COSTS COSTSm
DISCUSSED,AND, TO A
OTHERSMINOR
ARE : LAND VALUE,EXTENT, TANK
FOUNDATIONSPAINTING
MINIMIZINGHIGHER TANK,
DEAD
STORAGE
FAVORS
A
SMALLER
DIAMETER,
WITH8
FEW EXCEPTIONS,
TANK HEIGHTSCOURSE
ARE MULTIPLESHEIGHTSINCE IT IS
OF
6
OR
FEET,
THEBY
LATTER
GENERALLYTHE
PREFERRED
TANK
FABRICATORS
REDUCES
NUMBER OF F I E L D CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS,
THE
CAPACITYHEIGHT
RANGE
OF
25,000
TOBE
lOO,OOOFEET,
BBLS
THE
ECONOMIC
WILL GENERALLYOVER
48
FOR LARGEDUETO
C A P A C I T Y TANKS,
200,00040
B B L S t THE ECONOMIC H E I G H T
WILL GENERALLY
DROP TO
FEET,
THIS
IS
THE
E X C E S S I V E COST OF P R O V I D I N G ADEQUATE ROOF SUPPORTS FOR H I G H E R TANKS,
THE.
LIMITATION
IN
API-650
ON
MAXIMUM
SHELL
THICKNESS
MAY ALSO L I M I T THE H E I G H T OF LARGE TANKS,
IN SEISMICALLYBE ECONOMIC, LIMITEDTO A
A C T I V E AREAS,
EARTHQUAKE D E S I G N C R I T E R I A WOULD OTHERWISE
MAY L I M I T TANKS TO H E I G H T S BELOW WHAT
TANKS INHEIGHT
SEISMIC
ZONE
4
WILL GENERALLY BEOF ABOUT
TO DIAMETER TO
RATIO
0,5:1BBL,
FOR SMALL
TANKS ON SOFT SOILS
0.6: 1
FOR LARGE TANKS
ON FIRM
SOILS.
FOR SMALL
TAIVKS (UNDER ABOUT
3000
CAPACITY)
GREATER H E I G H T TO D I A M E T E R R A T I O S CAN B E USED
B Y ANCHOR IFIG THE T,1NK NOT PRACTICAL FOR
HOWEVER,TANKS
ANCHOR I NG I S GENERALLY AND NOT RECOMMENDED
LARGER
BECAUSE OF THE LARGE L O C A L L O A D I N G IMPOSED ON THE TANK S H E L L B Y THE ANCHORS,
D.
ROOF SELECTIOPJ
THEAND
TYPES OF ROOFS TO BE CONSIDERED AIIE:
1) CONE,
2)
FLOATING,
3)
A CONE ROOF TANK ROOF TANKS WITH
WITH VAPOR
AN
INTERNAL
ROOF,
4)
COME
RECOVERY
SYSTEMS,
FLOATINGPONTOONS,
ROOFS
CAN
BE
FURTHER
CLASSIFIED
AS
PAN,
AND DOUBLE DECK,
CONE
ROOF
TANKS
FILLING
LOSSES
PROPORTIONAL
TO
THE
THROUGHPUT AND BREATHING LOSSES ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO
THE VOLUME
OF THE VAPOR SPACE
IN
THE
TANK.
FLOATING
TANKS W I T H A T I G H T - F I T T I N G
PRIWAliY AND SECONDARY SEALS
V I R T U A L L Y E L I M I N A T E THESE EVAPORATION LOOSES,
FIRE
PROTECTIONS
IS
NOT A
BASIC
CONSIDERATION
INFEET
THEIN
SELECTION OF A ROOF EXCEPT FOR TANKS OVER DIAMETER,
120
FOR
THESE
LARGE
TANKS
FLOATING
ROOFS
ARE
REQUIRED FOR ANY STOCK HAYING A FLASH LOWER THAN lOOOF AND, FOR HEAVIER OF THEIR STOCKS STORED AT TEMPERATURES W I T H I N
2OoF
FLASH POINT,
A
MORE
DETAILEDIS
DISCUSSION
OF
FIRE
PROTECTIOiV
CONS IDERATIONS
CONTAINED
IN
THE
FIRE PROTECTION
MANUAL D-131-8,
AND THE
ENGINEERING DEPARTPENT'S DESIGN PRACTICE
ALL
CONE ROOF TANKS C O N T A I N I N G V O L A T I L E STOCKS C O N T A I N TIMESIS
FLAMMABLE M I X T U R E S AT. SPACE,
I N A PORTION OF THE VAPQZ
EVERYIN PUT
PRECAUTIONROOF ON
TAKEN INBUT AS A
DEALING
WITHROOFS
SUCY
STOCKS
CONE
TANKAGE, TANKS BE
FLOATING SAFETY BY
ARE
SOMETIMES EVEN
SUCH MAY
PRECAUTION, EVAPORATION
THOUGH
THEY
NOT
WARRANTED
SAVINGS
SHELLHAVING
CORROSION STORAGE SIMILAR
IN
THE VAPOR SPACE OF A CONE ROOF TANKOF SOUR CRUDE O I L S CAN AND BE OTHER A STOCKS SERIOUS
USED FOR
CHARACTERISTICS
PROBLEM,
THE
USE OF A FLOATING
ROOF WHICH
ELIMINATESI N THESE
MOST OF THE VAPOR SPACE SHOULD B E CONSIDERED CIRCUMSTANCES,
E,
CONE ROOFS
A
COME
ROOF
IS
THE
LEAST
EXPENSIVE
AND
MOST
MAINTENANCE-FREE METHOD FOR COVERING A TANK,
THEY DOTO
HAVE A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR INCURRING EVAPORATION LOSSES.
THIS
CHARACTERISTIC GENERALLY
LIMITS THEIR USE
RELATIVELY LOW VAPOR PRESSURE STOCKS WHERE THE SAVI3iG
IN EVAPORATION LOSS IS NOT ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY THE HIGHERINVESTMENT OF A FLOATING WOOF,
CONE
ROOFS
CAN
EASILY
BE
DESIGNED
TO
SUPPORTREHOVAL
ANTICIPATED SNOW AND ICE LOADINGS, IS MOT THE OPERATING CONCERN THAT FLOATING ROOF,
THUS SNOW 16 COULD BE
WITH A
ROOF
SUPPORT IS PROVIDED BY INTERIaR
COLUMNS AND ROOF RAFTERS,
THE
HIGH POTENTIAL FOR EVAPORATION LOSS FROM A CONEA
ROOF DOES NOT NECESSARILY PRECLUDE THEIR USE WHEREGROUP OF TANKS IS INVOLVED,
IT
MAY BE MORE ECONOMICAL
TO INTERCONNECT THE VAPOR RECOVERY ROOFS, SYSTEM THAN TO
SPACES TO A COMMON VAPOR PROVIDE SEPARATE FLOATING
F,
BOTTOM CONFIGURATION
DRAWI NGPlPING
GB-12474 1,AND
ATTACHED,
SUMMARIZES
BASIC
CONFIGURATIONS FO3 TANK
BOTTOMS AND ARRANGEMENTS
FQQ AND
DRAINOF THE
COMNECTIOMSm DIFFERENT
ADVANTAGESDESIGNS ARE
DISADVANTAGES
LISTED,
CHOICE
OF DESIGN BEST SUITED FOR A PARTICULAR S E R V I C E
IS INFLUENCED BY:
(1)
OPERATING REQUIREHENTS FOR THE
PRODUCT TO BE STORED: AND
( 2 ) MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS:
(3)
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUPPORTING SOIL,
TANK MANUAL
TANK SELECTON
I I, TANK DESIGN A,GENERALONCETHE DIHENSIOHS TANK, THE
AMD TYPE OF ROOF HAVE BEEN SELECTEDENGINEER HUST DESSGId AND/OR SPECIFY
FOR A
VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE TANK
I N ORDER TO CQHPLETE THE
FORMSEF-33CR OR EF-33FR, TANK AND APPURTENANCE SCHEDULE, REFERENCE COPIES OF THESE FORMS ARE I N SECTION I X OF T H I S MANUAL,"TANK DATA"PORTION QF
THE
REQUI~EMENTS
AND
DETAILS
COVERED
BY
API-0502EQUIRES THESE
REPRESENT MINIHUM
STANDARDS,AND
THERE AREOR
AREAS WHERE THE
CO:~PANY ' STHATAREAS ARE
EXPERIENCE
TECHNICAL
JUDGMENT
A P I STANDARDSSPECIFICALLYAND
BE
MODIFIED
EXCEEDED,
SET FORTH IN
SPECIFICATION
EG-
967
6-968,INTHISSECTION
THE
INFORMATIQN
AND
THE
FOLLOWING
SECTION ON TANK APPURTENANCES WILL PERMIT THE ENGINEER TO SPECIFY THE TANK ON
FORMEF-33CR on EF-33FR m I o n
TO
REQUESTING QUOTATIONS,
B,
API STANDARD 550
I S THE RECOGNIZED INDUSTZY STANDARD USED THROUGHOUT THE
COMPANY,
A
COPY OF THE LATEST E D I T I O N AND 'SUP?LE#ENT
I S MAINTAINED I N
SECTION 300
OF THE
TANK MANUAL,
C
I
A Q I MONOGRAM
THE A Q ISTANDARDS,
MONOGRAM
FOR
API-650
AND
API-628
TANKS
WAS
WITHDRAWN WITH
REVISIONA
2
OF THE
SIXTH EDITIONTHE
OF BOT#
IT WASSUBMIT IN
REPLACED B Y A
REQUIREMENT THAT THE TANK HAS
MANUFACTFJRER BEEN
C E R T I F I C A T I O N THAT ACCORDANCE WITH
FURNISHED
THE
APPLICASLE
STANDARD,
D,
.
SPECIFICATIONS EG-967 AND EG-968SPECIFICATIONAND FABRICATED
EG-967IN
COVERS
CONE
ROOF
TANKS
DESIGNED
ACCORDANCE WITH
API-650
AND HAS BEEN
PREPARED TO ALLOW THE E N S I N E E R OR FABRICATOR TO SELECT THE D E S I G N B A S I S AND S H E L L M A T E R I A L BASED UPON ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS,
WHERE MINIOF THESE
MUPI
IT HAS BEEN PREPARED TO CLEARLY COMPANY STANDARDS EXCEED API -650,REQUIREMENTS PROVIDE FOR
DEFINE
MOST
ADDED
INCREASED
P R O T E C T I O N A G A I N S T B R I T T L E FRACTURE AND REQUIRE THE USE OF HIGHER Q U A L I T Y M A T E R I A L S AND WELDING PROCEDURES AS
WELL AS MORE E X T E N S I V E R A D I O G R A P H I C E X A M I N A T I O N ,
E,
AVAILABLE COMPUTER PROGRAMS
THE
FOLLOWING DESIGN
TIMESHARE
COMPUTERARE
PROGRAMS AVAILABLE
TO
PERFORM
VARIOUS
CALCULATIONS
TH40UGY
?YE
CORPORATION ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT,
API-65 - AWITH
COHPUTER
PROGRAM
FOR
CALCULATING SHELL
THICKNESS SEQUIRED FOR HYDROSTATIC LOADS IN ACCORDANCE
API-658 REQUIREMENTS, DESIGNPRACTICED-131-18,AND
WIND1
WIND2
-
THESE ARE
TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR
DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE OF STORAGE TANKS TO BUCKLINGFOR WIND LOADING,
DESIGN PRACTICED-131-9,THE CRITERIA OF
BOTH PROGRAMS USEFORLOADING.
API-650, SECTION 3,gc
CHECKING TANK SHELL FOR STABILITY AGAINST WIND
DESIGN PRACTICED-831-9,DETERMINES THE MAXIP~UM WIND VELOCITY
THE PROGRAM WIND1
AN UNSTIFFEMED TANK CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT BUCKLING AS THE SHELL THICKNESS IS REDUCED BY CORROSION1
THE
PROGRAM
WIND2
ALSO DETERMINES THE
MAXIMUM WIMa
VELOCITY BUCKLING,
AN
UNSTIFFENED TANK
CAN WITHSTAND WITHOUT
IF
THE CALCULATED VALUE IS BELOW THE DESIGN
WIND VELOCITY THE SHELL THICKNESS IS INCREASED SO IT CAN WITHSTAND THE DESIGN WIND VELOCITY,
TANKETANKS
-
A
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CHECK I NG NON-ANCHOREDSEISMIC LOADING COMPLIANCE WITH
FOR
API-650
APPENDIX E, DESIGN PRACTICED-831-15,
F,
BASIC DATA
THE
DESIGN
METAL TEMPERATURE IS
THE LOWEST ONE-DAYTHE
MEANIS
AMBIENT TO BE
TEMPERATURE
I N THE L O C A L I T Y WHERE
TANK
INSTALLED,MAJOR OF
PLUS
15F,
DESIGN
METAL TE~YPERATURESARE
USED A S
COMPANYTHIS
INSTALLATIONS
TABULATEDONE-DAY
OH
FIGURE 1
SECTION,
THEIN
LOWEST
MEAR
TEMPERATURE FORAND SOUTHERN
OTHER
LOCATIONS
THEFROM
UNITED
STATESIN
CANADA
CAN BE OBTAINED
FIGURE 2-1
AP 1-658,THETHE DESIGN
METAL TEMPERATURE ISOF MATERIAL,
AN IWPORTAMT
FACTOR IN
SPECIFICATION
DRAW I NG GD-D1047,
STANDARD MATERIAL~PECIFICAT~~N NO,I N T H I S REGARD,
REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKS CONSTRUCTED TO EG-967, D E F I N E S ~ O M P A N Y REQUIREMENTS
THE
MAXIMUM
FILLING
ANDROOF
EMPTYING TANKS
RATES
MUSTRATES
BE
SPECIFIED,
FOR
COME
THESE
WILL
DETERMINE THE NUMBER AND S I Z E OF BREATHER V A L V E S ,
THE
DESIGN
WIND IS
VELOCITY
USED
AT
MAJOR OF THISWIND AT
COHPANYSECTION,
INSTALLATIONS
TABULATED ON
FIGURE 1
FOR OTHERABOVE
LOCATIOHS
THE USE OF A DESIGN
VELOCITY
EQUAL TO THE ANNUAL GROUND,
EXTREME M I L E VELOCITY MEAN RECURRENCE
30
FEET
50-YEAR
INTERVAL
4S
RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,
CHARTS
OF
FIGURE 2
SHOW THE
50-YEAR AND 108-YEARANNUAL
EXTREME MILE
VELOCITIES
FOR THE
UNITED STATES,
THE
APPROPRIATE SHOULD
EARTHQUAKE ZONE BE DETERMINED
FOR
SEISMIC
DESIGN
OF
TANKS
FOR
THE
SPECIFIC
TANK
LOCATION,OF
THE SEISMIC ZONE MAPSSHOW EARTHQUAKE
INCLUDED
IN
APPENDIX EFORTHE
API-658
ZONE
DESIGNATIONS
ALSO, PRACTICE NO. 11. THEUNITEDSTATES,MAJOR THISCOMPANY
SEE
APPENDIX V IDESIGNATIONIS
OF
RECOMMENDEDATOF
ZONE
APPLICABLE
INSTALLATIONS
TABULATED ON
FIG, 1
SECTION,
THEIS
BASIC
DESIGN
CRITERIA
FOR THE LIVE
LOAD ON THE ROOF FO2
25
PSF,
IN ADDITION,
P R O V I S I O N S MUST BE MADE
OTHER LOADS THAT MAY BE IMPOSED ON THE ROOF,
G,
OVERALL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONC O ~ R OIS O N ALLOWANCE
THEIS
CORROSION
ALLOWANCE
USED FOR NEW TANKAGE SHOULD BE
BASED ON THE S E R V I C E AND L O C A T I O N FOR WHICH THE TANKAGE
REFERENCE CORROSION PREVENTION MANUAL,BEING
BUILT,
SHOULD ALSO#
BE MADE TO THEFOR
TANKAGE SECTION 240,IF ADDITIOIVAL
A C O M P I L A T I O N AND D I S C U S S I O N OF CORROSION RATE DATA FOR
- TANKAGE I N T Y P I C A L S E R V I C E S ,REQUIRED,
GUIDANCE I S
THE
CORPORATION
ENGINEERING'S
MATERIALS
DIVISIONDESIGNFOR
SHOULD BE CONSULTED,
OF TANKAGE SERVICES
IN A
ACCORDANCE WITH BUILT-IN, OR
API-650
PROVIDESCORROSION
MOST
INHERENT,
VALUES FIGURES3 AND 4 ,ALLOWANCE,
FOR TYPICAL
TANKS ARE PRESENTED IN
RECOMMENDEDREQUIREMENTS DESIGNS,MECHANICS
PRACTICE
20
DEFINES BRITTLE
THE
MATERIAL
FOR PREVENTING
FRACTURE IN
COMPANYFRACTURE
IT ALSOAND
INCLUDES
A SUMMARY OF BASICBY WHICH
SUGGESTS
TECHNIQUES
FRACTURE-
SAFE D E S I G N S CAN BE DEVELOPED,
GENERALLY,CONCERNING
THE
HISTORY
OF
API
TANKS
HAS
BEEN
eooD
PROTECTION
AGAINST
BRITTLE
FRACTURE,
HOWEVER,WHICH
IN
1954.28FAILURES
AN
API
COHMITTEE COMPLETED A SURVEY
RECORDED
WELDED
API 12CTHIS
(PREDECESSOR UNDER COLD
TO
API-
650)MORE
TANK
WHICH
OCCURRED
WINTER
CONDITIONS,
AS
A RESULT OF
APIOF
SURVEY AND OTHER BRITTLE FRACTURE, IN
FUNDAHENTAL
INVESTIGATIONS STANDARDS
MINIMUMTHIS
COMPANY
EXCEEDING
API
STANDARDS
AREA WERE ADOPTED IN
1955,PROVI
SPECIFICATIONAPPROXIMATELY FOR ALL TANKS,
EG-967WITH
INCLUDES
s IONS
TO
PROVIDE
EQUAL PROTECTION A G A I N S T CONSIDERATION INHERENT
BRITTLE FAILURE TO MATERIAL, SIZE, ON
GIVEN
D E S I G N B A S I S AND R I S K
I N PROBABLE TANK
MATERIALS HAVE BEEN SORTEQ INTO QUALITY DRAWING GD-Dl047 (REFER TO SEC, 1x1. FORMANYDESIGNS, IT
GROUPINGS
WILL
BETO
NECESSARY QUALIFY
TO
PURCHASE
HIGHER
QUALITY
MATERIALS O W TESTING,
LOWER Q U A L I T Y COSTS OF TANK
MATERIALS
BY IMPACT
STEELS ARE PRESENTED IN
APPROXIMATE FIGURES5 AND 6.
IT ISSHOULD
CONCLUDED
THATNOT
GROUPS I V .BE USED
IVA, VFOR THE
AND
VI
STEEL
GENERALLY SOUR TO DO
INTERMEDIATE
STORAGE OF INCENTIVE
F L U I D S SIlVCE THERE SO, AND BECAUSE A
I S L I T T L E ECONBWIC RISK OF SULFIDE
C R A C K I N G E X I S T S I N SOME SERVICESw
H,
BOTTOM DESIGN
REFER
TO
DRAWING GD-Dl047
FOR
ACCEPTABLE
MATERIAL
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR THE BOTTOM PLATES
ASTM A-283 GRADE C
I S THE MOST COMMONLY USED M A T E R I A L ,
ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATES AND SKETCH PLATESTANKBOTTOMS ARE FABRICATED OF
I/~-INCH P L A T E EXCEPTGROUPS IV, IVA, VOR
WHEN THE BOTTOM SHELL
COURSE IS
VIA
MATERIAL,BUTT-WELDEDIS
THESETANK BOTTOMSOUTER C I R C L E OF
ARE
REQUIRED
TO
HAVE
P L A T E S TO WHICH THE S H E L L
ATTACHED (ANNULAR BOTTOM PLATES),
TO
PROVIDE
EARTHQUAKE
STABILITY TANKS
UNDER
THE
DESIGW
PROVISIONS BARRELS
OFMAY
APPENDIX E,REQUIRE
SMALLEQ
THAN
100,000AND THE
ANNULAR
BOTTOM
PLATES
ANNULAR P L A T E S FOR LARGER TANKS MAY NEED TO BE T H I C K E 9 THAN R E Q U I R E D OTHERWISE,
THE
BOTTOM PLATE
WHICH
COVERS THE
CATCH BASIS
AND TO
WHICH THE WATER DRAW-OFF SKETCH PLATE,
NOZZLE I S ATTACHED
I S CALLED A
SPECIFICATION
EG-967
REQUIRES
THAT THIS
P L A T E HAVE A MINIPIUM T H I C K N E S S OF
1/2
INCH,
TANKIS
BOTTOC~SCAN TOLERATE
APPRECIABLE
SETTLEMENT,
AN
A N A L Y S I S OF MAXIMUM P E R M I S S I B L E TANK
BOTTOM SETTLEMENT
INCLUDED
IN
SECTION X I , FOUNDATIONS,
THE REFER
USE
OF
CATHODIC
PROTECTION
MAY
BE
CONSIDERED.
TO
SECTION X I FOUNDATIONS,
I, SHELL DESIGN
IN THEOF
~ T H EDITION
OF
API-650 APPENDICESOF
D,
G,
AND PART
K,
OF THE ~ T H EDITION
API-650,
HAVE BEEN D E L E T E D
AND T H E I R A P P L I C A B L E REQUIREMENTS ARE INCORPORATED I N T O THE B A S I C STANDARD,
THE
B A S I C TANK OF THE ~ T H EDITION
OF
API 650
IS
NOW COVERED BY
APPENDIX A,
THE
BASIC
D E S I G N NOW P E R M I T S A D E S I G N BASED ON PRODUCT
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
AND A HIGHER
STRESS DURING
THE HYDROTEST.
THE
APPENDIX AA JOINT L E S S THAN
DESIGN
USES A MAXIMUM
STRESS OF
21,000OF
PSI,
E F F I C I E N C Y OF
,85,
A
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
NOT
1.0,
AND THE ONE FOOT T H I C K N E S S METHOD.
IN
OTHER WORDS, STRESSES,
HYDROSTATIC STRESSES CANNOT EXCEED DESSGlhd
THE
GOAL
IN
DESIGNING
THE TANK SHELL
IS
TO ACHIEVEACHIEVED SINCE
THEBYTHE
LOWEST ERECTED COST.MINIMIZING THE
THISOF
IS
NOT ALWAYSREQUIRED PREMIUM
TONNAGE
STEEL
. HIGHER
QUALITY
STEELS
COMMAND
A
PRICE,AS OF
THE1975
FOLLOWING
GUIDELINES
ARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE
AND MAY NOT BE V A L I D FOR A L L S I T U A T I O N S ,
1,
TANKS
OF
LESS
THAN
~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ - B A R CA wPE AC LI T Y
W I L E PLATEWHICH
GENERALLY THICKNESS
BY
APPENDIXIN
A
DESIGN,IS
WAXIMUM 1/2INCH
ALLOWED
APPENDIX A
L I M I T S THE MAXIMUM S I Z E TO ABOUT
30,000
BARRELS,
2,
TANKS FROM 30,000GENERALLY BE
BARRELS TO
150,000
C A P A C I T Y WILL WITH AN
CONSTRUCTED
WITH
MATERIAL
ALLOWABLE
STRESS LESS
THAN
21,000
PSI.
(FORMERLY
APPENDIX D DESIGN),3,
HIGHERWILLTANKS
STRENGTH MATERIALGENERALLY OF RE USED
GROUPS IV,ON THE O W
Iva, vMORE
AND
VIOF
LOWER
COURSES
2000000
BARRELS
CAPACITY,
(FORMERLY APPENDIX G DESIGN),
4,
THE
HIGHER
STRENGTH
STEELS
WILL
ALMOST
NEVER BE
USED ON A L L COURSES OF THE TANK,
5,
THEOR
THICKNESS
OF
"VARIABLE
DESIGN POINTlOO,OOOTO
~ETHOD" BARRELS
WILL GENERALLY BE USED ON TANKS OFMORE CAPACITY,
(FORMERLY APPENDIXIS
K DES 1 ~ ~ 4 )CHECK
COMPUTER PROGRAM API-65
AVAILABLE
S H E L L T H I C K N E S S E S QUOTED B Y S U P P L I E R S .
TANK
SHELLS
MAY
BE
SUBJECT
TO
BUCKLING
UNDER
WIND
PRESSURE,
APH-650 SECTION 3.9OF
PROVIDES
A FORMULA FOR
D E T E R M I N I N G THE MAXIMUM H E I G H T OF U N S T I F F E N E D S H E L L FOR
A WIND VELOCITY
1QQ MPH,DEVELOPMENT OF
BACKGROUND ONMAY
THE IN A
API-658OF THE
REQUIREMENTS
BE
FOUND
PAPER,
"STABILITY
API-650 TANK
SHELLS, R, V.OF
MCGRATH: PROCEEDI~GSOF
REFINING,AND
VOL.
43 (111) (1963).ARE AVAILABLE
A P I DIVISION COMPUTER PROGRAMSPERFORM
WIND1
WIND2
TO
THESE
CALCULATIONS,
TANKS
WAS
MADE
BY
CORPORATIONFOR
ENGINEERINGWIND
TO
EVALUATE
TANK
DESIGNS
STABILITY,
GENERALIZEDA,
COWCLUSIOMS
OF THIS
STUDY WERE:
THE API-658APPROPRIATEPROVIDED
EQUATIONSBASIS
APPEARFOR
TO
PROVIDE
AN
WIND
RESISTANCE METHOD
THAT
THE
"TRANSPOSED
wIDTH~
I S USED,
B,
USE
OF A
DESIGN
WIND
VELOCITYAT
EQUAL
TO
THE
ANNUAL EXTREME-MILEGROUND)
VELOCITY
30
FT,
ABOVE IS
50-YEAR MEAN
RECUISRENCE
INTERVAL
RECOMMENDED UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES,
C8
AS
EXPECTED)
TANKS
FILLED
TO
A
SUBSTANTIAL
LEVEL
(AT
LEAST
HALF
FULL)IN
DEMONSTRATED WIND
A
SIGNIFICANT COHPARED TO A
INCREASE TANKS
RESISTANCE LEVELS, IN UNTIL WIND THE
FILLED
TO
LOWER
GENERALLYRESISTANCELIQUID
SIGNIFICANTNOT BE
INCREASEOBTAINED
WILL
LEVEL REACHES ABOUT HALF HEIGHT,
OTHER
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
IN
DESIGN
FOR WIND
R E S I S T A N C E OF TANKS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
A,
11'4
GENERAL* TO
B U C K L I N G DUE TANK DAMAGE THAT
TO WIND CAN VARY
RESULTS
IN
DAMAGE MODEST
THE TO
FROM VERY EXTENS % V E
REQUIRING
R E B U I L D I N G O R t R A R E L Y * SCRAPPING,
3,
HOW
TO
HANDLE
CORROSION
ALLOWANCE
IS
A
DIFFERENT QUESTION SINCE:
1)
THE
CORROSIONIS
RATE
THATTO
WILL
ACTUALLYAND IT
OCCUR
DIFFICULT
PREDICT
WOULD B E U N D E S I R A B L E TO FURTHER I N C R E A S E THE I N I T I A L COST B Y R E Q U I R I N G D E S I G N FOR FULL WIND RESISTANCE IN THE CORRODED
CONDITION,
2)
NON-UNIFORMP I T T I N G WILL
CORROSION NOT
SUCH
AS
LOCAL
APPRECIABLY
REDUCE THE
W I N D R E S I S T A N C E STRENGTH OF S H E L L S ,
3)
THE APITO THE
RULES FOR WINDSOME MARGIN
RESISTANCEOF SAFETY
APPEARABOVE MAY METAL
PROVIDE DESIGN
WIND
VELOCITY FOR
WHICH OF
PARTIALLY
COMPENSATE
LOSS
DUE TO CORROSION,
4)
ALTHOUGHCAN B E
AT A HIGHERIN THE
COST,
WIND
GIRDERSTHEIR
ADDED
FUTURE
WHEN
NEED I S KNOWN FROM T H I C K N E S S SURVEYS,
IN SUMMARY,RECOMHENDED AS
THE A
FOLLOWING MINIMUM IN
PRACTICES CONSIDERING
ARE WIND
S T A B I L I T Y OF TANKS,
A,
NEWTANKS
2)
CHECK
MAXIMUM
DESIGN
WIND
VELOCITY
IN
THE CORRODED C O N D I T I O N ,
3)
CORROSIONACCORDANCE
ALLOWANCE
CONSIDERED
IN
w ITH "OTHER RELATED FACTORS"
S E C T I O N ABOVE,
4)
USE 50-YEAR EXTREMEEXCEPT RESULT WHERE IN A
MILE OF
WIND A LOSS
VELOCITY WOULD AS IN
BUCKLING CRITICAL
TANK
SUCH
S H U T T I N G DOWN A R E F I N E R Y OR P I P E L I N E WHICH CASE USE OF THE
100-YEAR
WIND
SHOULD B E CONSIDERED,
5)
USE
"TRANSPOSED
WIDTH"
METHOD
FOR
CALCULATING TANK SHELL STABILITY,
1)
ESTABLISH
WIND RESISTANCE CRITERIA AS A
PART OF TANK INSPECTION RECORDS,
2)..
ESTABLISH
OPERATING PROCEDURES TO
BE
FOLLOWED UPON
RECEIPT
OF
WARNINGS
OF
HIGH (HURRICANE VELOCITY) WINDS, WHICH SHOULD INCLUDE:
A)
CONSIDERATION OF
FILLING OF TANKS
IN CRITICAL SERVICE AND TANKS WITH
LOW SHELL STABILITY,
B)
SECURING OF
MATERIAL WHICH COULD
BECOME AIRBORNE,
C)
TURNINGOFFSIMILAR
UNESSENTIAL POWER TO
TANKFIELD LIGHTING, TANK MIXERS AND EQUI PMENT TO REDUCE IN OR
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CASE OF LEAKAGE FROM
IGNITION BUCKLED
SPLIT TANK SHELLS,
EXPERIENCESTORAGE
IN
PASTARE
EARTHQUAKESSUSCEPTIBLE
HASTO
SHOWN LOWER
THAT
TANKS
COURSE
SHELL BUCKLING AND, IN FOR
I N RARE OCCASIONS,
TO BUCKLING
THE UPPER COURSES,EA9THQUAKE GROUND
NEW
TANKS SHALL BE DESIGNEEIN ACCORDANCE WITH
MOTION
APPENDIXPROVI
EOF
OF
API-650
AND
THE
SUPPLEMENTAL
s IONS
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE NO, 11,NOT INTENDED TO UPGRADE EXISTING
IT ISTANKSSOME BE
GENERALLY
TO MEET THETANKS
CRITERIA
FOR
NEW TANKS, SERVICE, OF
FORI T MAY
I N EXTREMELY TO REDUCE
CRITICAL THE RISK
JUSTIFIED
EARTHQUAKE
DAMAGE (SEE
RP-111,
APPENDIX E CONNECTING LINES,SEEIN TANK LINES FITTINGS,
OF
API-650DETAILS OF
AND
SECTIONOF FLEXIBILITY VALVES
XI1AND
FOR REQUIREMENTS
AND
TANK
TANK ROOF
SUPPORTS COLUMNS I N SEI SMICALLY ACTIVE
AREAS PREFERABLY SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED OF PIPE AND SHOULD BE DESIGNED FOR EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION INACCORDANCE WITH
APPENDIX VI
OF
RP-11,
THERE ARE
OTHER KINDS OF DAMAGE TO TANK DETAILS
WHICH HAVE BEEN SUSTAINED IN PAST EARTHQUAKES,
MODIFICATIONSEITHER
I N DETAILS TO AVOID THESEWITH NORMAL OPERATHHG
RISKS
INTERFERE
TANK
FUNCTIO#S OR ARE MORE CCISTLY THAN REPAIRING OF CONVENTIONAL DETAILS,
J,
CONE ROOF DESIGN
ROOF
PLATES ARE NORMALLY
3/16
INCH,
GD-Dl047
FOR ACCEPTABLE MATERIAL
ORAWING SPECIFICATIONS, ASTMTO
REFER
CONE
ROOF TANKS WHICH DO NOT HAVE A
ROOF-TO-SHELL.
CONNECTION THAT FAILS PREFERENTIALLY TO THE SHELL-TOSHELL AND SHELL-TO-BOTTOM CONNECTIONS SHALL BE EQUIPFEE
WITH ADEQUATE EMERGENCY VENTING,
(REFER
TO SECTION
VII),K,
MISCELLANEOUS
PREPRIMING OF
THE STEEL PLATES I N THE FABRICATOR'S SHOPJOB SITE IS RECOMMENDED,IS GENERALLY DONE
PRIOR TO SHIPMENT TO THE
APPLICATION OF THE FINISH PAINT COATS BY A CONTRACTOROTHER THAN THE TANKTHE TANK IS TESTED AND PUT IN SERVICE,
FABRICATOR AFTER
TANK MANUAL
T.4NK 9ESIGN
FIGURE 1TYPICAL TANK DESIGN CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS COMPANY LOCATIONS Design Metal Temperature F Design Wind Velocity (MPH) Seismic Zane Desig narion
*
Richmond
El SegundoPascaqou la P e n h Amboy Salt Lake Alaska ( K e m i Area) Burnaby (Vancouver) Baltimore
5
-252510
Note:
This d a t a for other localities can frequently be ascertained by referring to t h e Basic Design Data Sheets f o r t h e particular project.
T A N K MANUAL
T A N K DESIGN
EXTREME WIND VELOCITIES
Charts from lVew Disnibulion of Exrrerne Winds in the U.S. by H.C.S. Thorn. Copyright Arnencan Society of Civil Engineers 1968. Reproduced by special permiss~on.
4/8 1
100- 17
FIGURE 3 APPENDIX A T.WiS INHERENT CORROSION ALLCJWANCX
CALCULATIONS DEC.
1970
r/
'
1
j
EZZ-0 660.0 ZS!'O nOZ-0 LSZ'O OLE-0
SLE'O ilZil'0 OS9'0 9LB.O 201 ' L trSS ' L SLE'O
L 9 S il
BZE' o
E2 L
i E9E.O
8 9L trZ Z E Oil 8tl 95
OSZ OSZ 0 sZ 0 SZ OSZ OSZ OSZ SZZ
/ OOL'O
8
/
ttzZEOil Bh 9s
i iiiZ'0 1 680'0 LEL-0 1 tr8L'O / LEZ.0 6LZ'O
'1
ELZ'O 9LO'O 911.0 9SL'O L6L'O LEZ'O 8LZ'O OSL'O 6ZZ.0 890'0 trOL'0 LilL'O LLL'O ELZ'O
ZOZ'O 250'0 080'0 8OL.O 9EL.O tr9L'O 261'0 OOp'O 612.0 LtrO'O ZLO'O 860'0 EZL'O Rill'O
L6L'O 6ZO'O SilO'O 090'0 9LO-0 260'0 LOL'O 058'0 602' 0 920'0 OilO' 0 ilSO'0 890'0
ERO'O591-0 EZO- 0 9E0'0
081'0 900'0 600'0 ELO'O 910'0 610'0 220'0 006'0 OOZ'O 500'0 800'0 110'0 trl0'0 LLO'O
691'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 OS6'0=3( 061'0 I 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0
9L
Szz szz
szz
SZZ SZZ SZZ
2 8 ~ ~ 0E L L ' o 190.0 ZilO'O E6O'O t90'0
ZLE'O
1
szL-o
LBO-o601'0 Zil'O trSL ' 0 00s-o
etro' o190'0 ELO'O 980'0
I
~ii:-o 1 6L0'0 I LZL'O I hgL-o 902'0 BilZ.0 062'0
LSL'O 061'0 ZZZ'O
6EE'O OZS'O LOL'O 288 ' 0 E90' L EtrZ' L
j OOL-0I 902-o
CSL-o86~*0
L ~ L - o EBL-o960' 0 ZilO'O ESO'O
ose-o
951'0 SOO'O LOO'O 010-o ELO"0 SLO'O 810'0 006-o 9~1.0 600'0 110'0
Lill-o 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 os6'0=3i ~ 9 i~ 000'0 000'0
9
Sil
081'0 LLZ'O1
E2 L
~ 0 ZLE'O SSil' 0 19'0 ZL'O OE6'0 880' 1
91 bZ Z E Oil 8il 95 8 9
SLL SL L SLL SL L SLL SL L
ooi-0
OSL-o
ooe-o
ZLE'O ZLE'O
L9
ttZZ EOtl
Stl
202' 0 SLO'O LZO' 0 9E0.0 9ilO'O SSO'O
561'0 190'0 900"O 800'0 600'0 110'0
681'0 LtrO'O 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0
E2 L5
06E ' 0 925'0 199'0 L6L'O 66'0ZiE'G
8il 95I
05 1 051 0s L O S L 05 1 0sL 05 L
7 -
Z.2" C
2cZ.U
I
1
1
@;!'Cn l r >& L*C
EOL'O
2LC.C
E g!i7Z
55
,1t
ZELSS'O tr99'0
,
il
521 SZL SZL SZ L SZ L
E
I
Oil 8i7 95I
-
7 LLC QE.'C esc.0 8L0'0 860' 0 6L!'O 6 E : o OSL'O
os:'o
I
I
L
.
ZL?.C ZLS'C 521C 51 . ' O O~C'G ZZC' C trS0'0 OEO'O P9O'O 8E0-0 280'0 9ilO'O 96c.c trS0' 0 OOF'C 0SF.C 0 s ~ " ~ O;L'C 26C.0LO!-@
SO0"C 900'0 800'0 600'0 LLC'O 006'C OSI'O ~80-o
I
osa-o osz-o092" o 051.0Li7ti.C
8 91tlz
I
00: OOL
I
1
ZOL'O 6SL.O CS!'0 ! g:O 00, C O S : C 0Z!'G lgc-o
BLC-otrZC' C
i70c.o
I O O L
s cil
Z EOti
OED-cLEC'C EtiCa c PSF'L
115I
EII(XUP,
ZBC'C E3. ' 0 ?ZLaC S c . 'CCL--C
LES'O
i3
gtrG.0 E9C'G 6LC.C' S6C'@ L COL'C
Zic.0 itrC'0 SSC"C yC'C LLC'GOOE'G
SOG'O 90C'C 80C'O 60C'Cl
60Z'C 1 L60'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 000'0 056'C=f 1 OSL'O 1 +,LO-o OOO'O 000"O 000'0 j OOC'G 1 000'0 11
I
ZF'O16230JPXk
8h 954
I
II
001 00 L 001 001
1
oot-c
o S ~ ' G = ~66JLIXs7U
I
~
j
JaaneTt
~ 2aa, ~
asJncg
- qz
91)
TANK MANUALFIGURE 5A U,S. P r o d u c e s r s 2an.
TANK DESISN
7975 P r i c e s f o r St.?el P l a t e s by Q u a l i t y G r ~ u p i n q Thickness 43/4" 1-1/2" Max 1/2" i%x 1-1/2" Max 3/4" t o 1-1/2" 1 'I Faxi ~ n
A S % MS p e c i f i c a t i o n
C o s t , $ / t o n (Note 1 ) j
Rimmed
Semi-Kill &
FuUy-Killed,
FGP
1-l/ZR Max 1-1/ZW Max
41
Normalized
* **0required f o r toughness.
AM-DH AES-EH Normany not used f o r tankage e x c e p t where
Pressure vessel quality s t e e L
*
**1.
2,
k g e n e r a l , b , e r e b ~ t l e n e e d f o r u s e o f Amerriran B u s e a u o f S h i p p i n q S t e e l s . They a r e not readily aMilable in t h e U.S. Price includes mandatory i m p a c t testing to C v = 50 R-lb a t 14F. Except as noted below, t h e s e costa a r e base pr5ces. They do not include many e m s , such as odd thickness, tonnage, e t c . C osts do include an e x t r a f o r width and thickness of 1d/ #. Actual e x t r a varies fYu m 0.55d to 2,70d/#.
Comparison o f U.S.
and J a p a n e s e S t e e l P r i c e s U.S.
rS t e e l Base P r i c e Semi-Killed P l a t e Fine g r a i n practice, f u l l y k i l l e d N o r n a l i z e d , impact t e s t on h e a t l o s t b a s i s Normalized, Three impact t e s t s p e r p l a t e 3. 4. Normalizing c o s t s v a r y w i t h t h . i c k n e s s . By s p e c i a l r e q u e s t .
- $/ton271. 336 35 1
Japanese
-
S / ton
225. 237. 247. 257. (Note 4 )
i I
~
1
1
TANK MANUAL
?.WK 3ESISN
Cost o f Impact T e s t i n g ( $ / T e s t )
II.Heat l o t b a s i s (If a v a i l a b l e
I
- s e e Note
-
I
Longitudinal1)
Transverse
30th
j
St r u c t u s a l S t e e l s Temperature t o be agreed upon
II. P l a t e - a s - r o l l e d b a s i s 2
i /
Structural Steels T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F Pressure Vessel S t e e l s T e s t +40 F o r above T e s t below +40 F
NOTE 1: It appears t h a t obtaining guaranteed impacts on e i t h e r a h e a t l o t basis c r for steels which are not h e a t t r e a t e d is diffScult o r i m p k b l e in t h e U .S. Discusdons with two U . S . steel suppliem indicates they w i l l conduct guaranteed i m p a c t tests only on h e a t t r e a t e d material3 and only on a plate-srolled basis. On individual cases they may conduct t e s t s on non-heat t m a t e d plate, c r on a h e a t Pot basis, f o r information only. NOTE 2: Costs do not include an e x t r a f a - normallzing. When normalizing is not included in t h e applicable materiala specification an additional $35 per %n must be added to t h e above costs.
,
III
,I
I I I, SELECT1ON OF APPURTENANCESA,
INTRODUCTION
THIS
SECTION
HAS
BEEN
DIVIDED
INTO
THE
FOLLOW5NG
CATEGORIES OF APPURTENANCES:
B,
GAGING
AND
SAMPLING DEVICES
B,
FORMS EF-33 CR 8 EF-33 FR
THESE FORMS,A LIST
WHICH ARE INCLUDED I N
SECTION V I ,
CONTAINS
OF ALL COMMONLY
USED TANK APPURTENANCES.
THEY
SERVE BOTH AS A CHECK L I S T WHEN SELECTING APPURTENANCES AND AS A SCHEDULE BY WHICH THESE APPURTENANCES CAN BE S P E C I F I E D I N A TANK PURCHASE CONTACT,
C,
COMPANY DRAWINGS
ALTHOUGHCOHMONLY INCLUDED
THE DISCUSSIONUSED ONLY
OF APPURTENANCES WILL COVER ALLFOR TANKS, NHICH DRAWINGS HAVE ARE BEEN
APPURTENANCES FOR
APPURTENANCES
DEVELOPED
BY
CORPORATE
DEPARTMENTS
AND
OPERATIPIG
COMPANIES AS A
RESULT OF NOT HAVING SUITABLE STANDARDSOR
API
OR
MANUFACTURER' AUGWENT
s
A V W ILABLE,
THESE
DRAW1NGSTOSUIT
API
MANUFACTURER'S
STANDARDS
PART1 CULAR REQUIi?EMENTS,
D,
APH STANDARDS
THE API
HAS STANDARDS FOR APPURTENANCES IN
SECTION 3
OF
SHELL
MANHOLES
(3,7,5>(3,7,6>
SWELL NOZZLES
AND FLANGES
FLUSHTYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS (3,7.7> FLUSHTYPE SHELL CONNECTIONS (3,7,8> ROOF MANHOLES (3,8,4> ROOF NOZZLES (FLANGED AND SCREWED),ROOF NOZZLE IS NOT SATISFACTORY
THEFOR
FLANGE3 VENTING
(3,8,5> DRAW-OFF SUMP ( 3 8 6a
SCAFFOLD CABLE UNDER-BOTTOM
(3,8,7> CONNECTIONS (APPENDIXSUPPORT
0-CONTAINS
RECOMHENDED PRACTICES ONLY, )
E,
MNUFACTURERS' STANDARDS
MANUFACTURERSCATEGORIES INDUSTRY. DEVICES
HAVE DEVELOPED AP$UETENANCES AXEACCEPTEDAS
I N CERTAIN THE
THAT
" S T W M D A R D S ~ BY
EXAHPLES OF(GAGE HATCHES BEATHER
THESE APPURTENANCES ARE GAGINGOF
VARIOUS
TYPES,
AUTOF~ATIC
GAGING), FITTINGS#
VALVES,
AND
FLOATING
ROOFS
AND
F,
ECONOMY I N SELECTION
THREE
GOOD
RULES
FQR ECONOMY
IN
THE
SELECTION
OF
APPURTENANCES ARE:
A,
USE
AN
APPURTENANCE
ONLY
IF
THERE
IS
A
KNOWN
REQUIREMENT,
B,
DOUBLE
UP OW THE USE OF AN APPURTENANCE WHEZEVER
POSSIBLE ( Ia E . GAGE INSPECTION
,
A ROOF MANHOLE MAY ALSO SERVE AS A
HATCH OR AM EMERGENCY VENT HATCH)
I
C,
SPECIFY
HANUFACTURER'S
S T A N D A ~ D DESIGN,
WHEREVER
USABLE, RATHEi? THAN OUR OWN DESIGN,
A
I
6
I1 7 "3'-0'1
Ca ' . ~ "5'. 0"/!
IsK vS2'-4"d ' 2 ' .2 ' 7~4./"/(I/ I .
DC-I)
I(-1) THE s u n p AHO NOZIIEASSERULY SIIALL
-E
CONSTRUCTION NOTES
Tan& s h e / / -
-
23-
/4' / & . , I
---
31-b" 6 ' .9"4 , . 0"
5 ' . 3'5 ' .9 ' -6 ' . 0 '
M A T E R I A L S AND F A B R I C A I I O N SUALL LOHFORH TO 5 P E L I F I C A T I O N E G - 9 6 7 AN0 TO A P I STAHDARD 6 5 0 . LATEST E O I T I O N . n t IHERMLLY 1 0 I.100.f STRESLfOR A
To" 5'.6**7 ' 3 ' '
/'- 7 .
~.
4 5
/B" - 4'.6* --20" 5"
. /'. 8. . ---
-
2'-q;/i
7: 6"8'0"
/I-
9 ' ' 2,.,/q
/y4* - -. .. . .
R E L I E V E D A T A T E W E M T U R E OF 1.100'F
PERIOD OF ONE HOUR PER INCH OF r H I c m E s S OF THE B o T T o nP L A r E , U l T H A n l H l n W PERIOD OF ONE HOUR FOR U1) T H I C U I E L S . L-3) GASKET SUHFALE OH M l S L D FACE F L h l l C t TO UE C O M L K I A L L Y smorn ( 5 0 0 RHS MXIRW R O U G ~ N E S S ) . FLAHCE BOLT I l O L L S SHALL L T M U D L L C i N T E h L l n E . THE EXTERNAL SUHFACtS OF THC S M P , ' N U I I L f ASSEMBLY ANU TAHK BOTTOR R E l N i D R C l H G PLATE SHALL B t SANOBLASTED TO A COnnERC l A L NEAR-WHITE F I N I S H (SSPC S P - 1 0 ) AND P A I H T E O WITH 3 H I L S (DRY T H I C U E S S ) OF IHOHLAHIC Z I H C R I C H COATING; HAPKO 51 ( 1 1 3 7 8 ) . AHEROR D l n f T c o T E D-6. CAHBOLINE CARBOZIHC II OR NOBlL CHtHlCAL HOBIL-ZINC I . THE W T A L LOGES TO BE F I E L D Y E L L 0 SHALL BE THOROUGHLY CLEANED OF COATIHG BEFORE U E L D I Y C TO PREVENT Z l H C CONTPAINATION OF UELO RETAL,
6'.0"
6'.6" / ' . / / "
3'.3v/g
/y+"-
C-4) (-5)
(-6)
THE suw TO u u T r d n R ~ I N F O R C I N C PLAIE F I ~ L Ou t ~ u SIIALL BE COHPLETELY O I L C H E C U O AFTER TrlE R3OT PASS A l l 0 AFTER THE COVER PASS.T l l l C U l E S S E S OF S U W UALL, SunP BOTTOH P L A T E PdlU RElNFORCllIG P L A T E INCLUDE 1 / 1 6 " CORROLIOH ALLOUAIICE. THE TRnK SUPPORT U t M 5 dUST bE PI.ACEU AND CHOUIEO BEFORE F I E L D u E ~ O l l r GTHE SUI1P TO TllE d D l T O H REINFORCIIIG PLATE. SEE STANDARD UKAUlNG GC-QIOIS.
(-7)
'-8)
PLAN
o f t a n k she// fo SU/?
rejoforr/oy p/aCe.
REFERENCE D R A W I N G S
.
~
- .. . .... .. . . . .
- -
~
.. . . . . . . . . ~.
~~
-.
. .. . . . .-. . -.. .. . ..
\
Sqmrnetrical aboutPermissable ~ l t e r n a t e
40 -
h o l e s for i . 9 bolts, equally spaced - s t r a d d l e flanqe 4
Field n o t e : W h e n A i s less t h a n t qrind c o r n e r s r o u n d , all around, after weldinq
-
--.
DESIGN
AND
CONSTRUCTION
NOTES-
p~
7
square cut
I. L e l t e r d i r n e n s i o r ~ s~ r e f e r t o v a l u e s g i v e n i n Table 3-2 2 0 " s h e l l m a n h o l e , a n d a r e ttre same a s tlrose s h o w n in Fig.3.6 of API S t a n d a r d 6 5 0 c u l - r e n t e d i t i o n .
X-I
Cover plaie - min. thick. u e r T a b l e 3 - I API 5td
650,
2. N o t e s g i v e n ill API L t a r ~ d a r d 650 c u r r e n t e d i t i o n ,f o r 2 0 " c i r c u l a r s h e l l rnanlnolr d r s i q r l a n d c o n b t l - u r t i o n
slbrll b e applicable t o t h i s
drawinq.
I
-
5 . E d g e o f cower t o be f i n i s h e d bnrooth and outside corner o f piale l o L e slightly rounded.
SHOWING COVER -
KwJ-
to
suit
curvature
of thnkJ
COVER -REMO -V. E -D
ELEVATIONp-
1159
,
.
I
DETAIL OF GASKET
v 0REVISIONS-~
Chtulan
-Stal~dard Oil Co~npany 01 Cal~lo~n~aL I , ~ " ' . " " ~ ~ UIY.IIII~LIII s111 tr*"cll'" . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .
I A?C-,'c/I
NOTE : F A B R I C A T I O N A N D A T T A C H M E N T OF NOZZLES SHALL CONFORM T 3 THE A P I S T A N D A R D 6 5 0 LATEST EDIT_ION n REDRAWN
I
EN61WEERIWG DEPARTMEWT
SAW FRANCISCO
T A N K W A T E R DRAWOFFPntNrso IN u.s.A.
STANDARD D R A W I N G
IV,
TANK OPENINGSA,
A P I SHELL MANHOLESAPI30"STANDARDS SPECIFY MANHOLES I N SIZES OF
20".
24",LARGrR
AND
36' (SEE FIG, 3-4A,IS MOST COMMONLY
A P I 650,) THE 24" R O U N DUSED,
MANHOLE
HOWEVER,
MANHOLES MAY BE J U S T I F I E D FOR ACCESS FOR CLEANING,
I N S T A L L A T I O N OF HEATERS, INSTALLATIOR
R E P A I R M A T E R I A L S AND
- OF HEATERS.
USUAL 40'FROM
PRACTICE
IS
TO PROVIDE
ONE MANHCLE
FOR TANKS UP TOTANKS TWO OR
RANGINGTHREE
50' 40'-50'OR
DIAMETER,TO
TWO MANHOLES F O R DIAMETER,DEPENDING
100'-110'TANKS,
AND
MANHOLES
FOR
LARGER
a?!
THEIR SERVICE,
B,
LARGER ACCESSWAY - DWG, GC-D99761SOMEOPERATORSREQUIRE ONE
20" x 36"
MANHOLE
ON
EACH
F L O A T I N G ROOF TANK TO P E R M I T MOVING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS THROUGH THE SHELL, ESPECIALLY DRAIN-PIPE JOINTS,
IT IS
SOMETIMES USED ALSO FOR CONE ROOF TANKS WHEN A LARGER S H E L L ACCESSWAY I S REQUIRED,
SHELL NOZZLESAPISTANDARDS ARE USED FOR SHELL NOZZLES AND PROVIDE
1
FOR TWO NOZZLE HEIGHTS,
~~EGULAR AND FLUSH,POSSIBLE YET TO
GENERALLY~TO ALLOW THE FULFILL ALLOW
NOZZLES SHOULD BE PLACED AS LOW AS MAXIMUM TANK OPEWING OF CAPACITY AND HEIGHT
REQUIREMENTS REINFORCING
SUFFICIENT
FOX TANKTO
PADS,
SHELL
NOZZLES
FLUSH WITH
THE
BOTTOM ARE P R I M A R l L Y USED W I T H F L O A T I N G ROOF TANKS
PERHIT
HAXIHUMPROVIDES
LOWERINGDETAILS
OF ROOFS,TO DESIGN
STANDARD DRAWING GGFLUSH NOZZLES AND HAS
D 1069
BEEN INCLUDED I N THE ~ T H EDITION
OF
A P I 650,
D.
SHELL CLEANOUTS
GENERALLY.AS
THE COMB IMAT ION
CLEANOUT AND WATER DRAW-OFFWILLSERVEAS
SHOWN ON
DRAWING GA-099765
WELL AS
A P I 8" x 16" AND 24" x 24" SIZES AND IS MORE ECONOMICAL, LARGEFLUSH-TYPE CLEANOUTS ARE EXPENSIVESTANDARDAND SHOULD BE I N S T A L L E D ONLY WHEN FREQUENT C L E A N I N G OF
HEAVY SLUDGE DEPOSITSEITHERSTANDARD
IS ANTICIPATED,
FOR THIS
PURPOSE
APH 36"
x 48"
OR
48" x 48"
CLEANOUT
SHOULD BE USED,
A
DOOR SHEET
I S USED WHEN LARGE EQUIPMENT
I S REQII;?ED
FOR C L E A N I N G OPERATIONS,
I[T C O N S I S T S OF A LARGE i C - E
I N THE BOTTOM COURSE OF A TANK COVERED BY A LARGE SHEET OF THE SAME THICKNESS AS THE BOTTOM COURSE AND BOLTED I N PLACE,
INLARGEDOOR
TANKS DESIGN OF THE V E R T I C A L J O I N T BETWEEN THE AND
SHEET
SMELL
IS
DIFFICULT.
IT MAY
INVOLYE
SEVERAL ROWS OF BOLTS AND I T I S D I F F I C U L T TO M A I N T A I N A TIGHT J O I N T ,
E,
ELBOW OUTLET - DWG, GC-D39627
THISLOWER RATES
OUTLETLEVEL
PERMITS AND
WITHDRAWAL
OF
TANK
CONTENTS TO A HIGH FLOW
CHECKS VORTEX
FORMATION AT
F,
SIPHON-TYPE WATER DRAW-OFF-DWG, GE-931732
THIS
IS
USED
WHERE
IT
IS
NOT
NECESSARY
TO
HAVE
A
PERMANENT COHNECTION I N THE TANK BOTTOM FOR WATER DRAlPE OR CLEANING
(MARKETING
TANKS AND CONE DOWN BOTTOM TANKS
ARE AN EXAMPLE),
6,
WATER DRAW-OFF SUPIPS API-650FIG,
3-15
PROVIDES
A
STANDARD
FOR
DRAW-OFF
SUMPS LOCATED NEAR THE EDGE OF THE TANKS,
UNDER-BOTTOfl CONNECTIONS API-658.BOTTOM
APPENDIX 0, "RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR UNDERCONNECTIONS, CONTAINS BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS TOI1
BE CONSIDERED FOR THE D E S I G N AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERBOTTOM CONNECTIONS FOR STORAGE TANKS,
THESE INLET/OUTLETAND WITHDRAWING FORMBTION,
NOZZLES PERMIT VERY HIGH AT LOW L I Q U I D LEVELS
FLOW RATES.VORTEX
,
WITHOUT
I,
ROOF MANHOLES
THE
PRIMARY
FUNCTION
OF A
ROOF MANHOLES TANK BEFORE
IS
TO PROVIDE
A
MEANS
FOR V E N T I L A T I N G
ENTRY
B Y WORKERS
AND TO P R O V I D E NATURAL L I G H T W H I L E WORK I S B E I N G DONE,
THEYLINES,
MAY
ALSO
BE
USED A S
AN
ACCESS
TO
END OF
SWING
A N I N S P E C T I O N HATCH FOR TANK GAGE,
OR A B A S E F @ 2
EMERGENCY VENT ATTACHMENTS,
STANDARDAPI WOOF MANHOLE
API 650, FIG. 3-12,MANHOLES,
PROVIDES
20"
AND
24"
DIAMETER MANHOLE
ROOF
SOME
OPERATORS PREFER THE
20"
AND IT
I S Q U I T E S A T I S F A C T O R Y FOR SMALLER TANKS,
FOR
LARGERIT
TANKS
A
24" x 36"GREATER EASIER
MANHOLEAMOUNT OF
IS
PREFERRED
BECAUSE
PROVIDES A AND AN
L I G H T I N G AND MAINTENANCE
VENTILATION, OPERATIONS,
ACCESS
DURING SHOULD
THETANKS,
HIGHER
MANHOLE
BE
USED
FOR;
INSULATED
FROMONE
TO THREE
OF THESE MANHOLES
ARE U S U A L L Y I N S T A L L E D DEPENDING ON TANK D I A M E T E R ,
WINDOW SHEETSALARGEROOF OPENING
(UP TO
5' x 8'USED,
DIPIEIUSIONS)
CALLED LOWERING
A WINDOW SHEET IS
SOMETIMES
IT PERMITS
OF LARGE EQUIPMENT THROUGH THE ROOF AND ALLOWS A LARGE AMOUNT OF NATURAL LIGHTING TO THE AND VENTILATION,
ITSSELDOR IS
CONSTRUCTION WITH A
I S SIMILAR ANGLE FRAMEl
24" x 3611TANKS PATCHING THAT
ROOF NANHOLE ARE
gN
ONAND
OPENED,
COLD
CUTTING
THE
ROOF
ECONOMICAL,
GAGE FLOAT INSPECTION HATCH AGAGE F L O A T I N S P E C T I O N HATCH I S REQUIRED FOR INTERIOR
I N S P E C T I O N OF TANK GAGE AND FLOAT ONLY I F AN OPENING I S NOT OTHERWISE P R O V I D E D FOR THE PURPOSE,
APH ROOF NOZZLES
API-650.ROOF
FIG. 3-13ARE
AND
3
4
ROOF
NOZZLE
HEIGHTS
ARE
NOT SATISFACTORYNOZZLES
FOR MOUNTIIVGINTENDED
VENTINGFOR
EQUIPMENT, USE WITH
WHENVENTING
MACHINES,
THE H E I G H T OF THE NOZZLES S H A L L BE
INCREASED
V,
GAGING AND SAMPLING DEVICES
A,
VAPOR-TIGHT GAGE HATCH
THESEBE
ARE
NEEDED ONLYON
ON VAPOR-TIGHT
T A ~ ~ KAND S SYOULD
PLACED
ALL
VAPOR-TIGHT
TATiKS
EQUIPPED
WITH
BREATHER V A L V E S ,
SEVERAL
MAWUFACTUDE?S HAKES S T A N D i l 2 3
EQUIPMENT WHICH I S S A T I S F A C T O R Y ,
B,
. FUIMEL-TYPE THIEF AND GAGE HATCH
THISDIRTY,
IS
A
NON-GAS-TIGHT
HATCH
USEE ON
TANKS
HOLDING
LO%-VAPOR-PRESSURE
STOCK,
IT IS
USED
FOR
C A T C H I N G D R I P S FROM SAMPLE B O T T L E S AND GAGE TAPES AND ALSO P R O V I D E S A RACK FOR S A M P L I N G EQUIPMENT,
C,
MULTIPLE USE HATCH
THE
COMBINED
GAGE HATCH,
BREATHER,
AND MANHOLE FOR NOM-
GAS-TIGHT GAS-TIGHT
TANKS SERVES A T R I P L E FUlVCTION ON SMALL NONTANKS,
IT HAS
BEEN USED FOR SMALL GREASE AND
SLUDGE TANKS,
D.
GAGE WELLS
SLOTTEDGUARD
GAGE
WELLS
FOR
FIXED
ROOF
TANKS
ARE
USED TOREFINED
AGAINST
STATIC
HAZARD
I N TANKS
STORING
PRODUCTS WHERE VAPOR SPACE MAY BE I N E X P L O S I V E RANGE,
E,
TANK GAGING
TANK LEVEL GAGINGFORPROCESS
IS
DEFINED
BY THE
API
AS "A
PROCESS:I
OF MEASURING THE H E I G H T OF A L I Q U I D I N A STORAGE TANK,
LEVELCAN
MEASU~EMENTBE
ACCURACY MECHANICAL
REBU I REHEHBSGAGES*
(8.1XCELLS,
TO
1%)
MET WITH
DIP
TORQUE
TUBE D I S P L A C E R S ,
OR A V A R I E T Y OF OTHER,
UNCONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS,
A
I
B
I
C
I
D
I
E
1
F
I
G
I
ti
O R D E R IC.\JG D A T A