Download - 5/21/20151. 2 3 Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Calving Calf Bull Heifer
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Giving Birth:
Newly Born:
Young Male:
Young Female:
Calving
Calf
Bull
Heifer
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Mature Male:
Mature Female:
Castrated Male:
Bull
Cow
Steer
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Giving Birth:
Newly Born:
Young Male:
Young Female:
Lambing
Lamb
Ram
Ewe
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Mature Male:
Mature Female:
Castrated Male:
Ram
Ewe
Wether
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Giving Birth:
Newly Born:
Young Male:
Young Female:
Farrowing
Piglet
Boar
Gilt
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Mature Male:
Mature Female:
Castrated Male:
Boar
Sow
Barrow
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Giving Birth:
Newly Born:
Young Male:
Young Female:
Foaling
Foal
Colt
Filly
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Mature Male:
Mature Female:
Castrated Male:
Stallion
Mare
Gelding
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Goats
• Caprine – Scientific name
• Billy – Uncastrated male goat.
• Wether – Castrated male goat.
• Nanny – Female goat.
• Kid – Young goat.
• Kidding – Act of parturition in goats.
• Gestation Length – 150 days
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Giving Birth:
Newly Born:
Young Male:
Young Female:
Laying
Chick
Cockerel
Pullet
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Mature Male:
Mature Female:
Castrated Male:
Rooster
Hen
Capon
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Rabbits
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• Lapine – Scientific name
• Buck – Mature male left in tact
• Neutered Rabbit – Altered Rabbit
• Doe – female of any age
• Bunny – Newborn
• Kindling – Act of parturition
• Length of Gestation – 30-35 Days
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Dogs
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• Canine – Scientific name
• Sire Dog – Mature male left in tact
• Neutered Dog – Castrated male
• Bitch – female of any age
• Puppy – Newborn
• Whelping – Act of parturition
• Length of Gestation – 9 weeks
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Cats
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• Feline – Scientific name
• Stud or Tom Cat – Mature male left in tact
• Neutered or Altered Cat – Castrated male
• Dame – female parent
• Kitten – Newborn
• Kindling – Act of parturition
• Length of Gestation – 63 days
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Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one
another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.
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Beef BreedsWhat’s the difference between
British breeds and
continental breeds?
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• Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland
• Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled*
• Smooth hair coat• Medium frame size• Heavy muscled
– *Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)
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• Origin: Herefordshire, England
• Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat
• Medium frame size• Medium muscled
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• Origin: Northern England
• Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color)
• Medium to large frame size
• Medium muscle
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• Origin: South Central France
• Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly
• Medium to large frame size, long body
• Heavy muscle
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• Origin: Northwest France
• Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color
• Large frame size• Heavily muscled
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Swine Breeds
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Duroc
• Origin-New York/New Jersey
• Ears- Droopy• Color- Cherry Red• Misc.-Large frame,
fast gainers, good mothers, popular breed
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Hampshire
• Origin-Kentucky
• Ears-Erect• Color-Black
with a white belt
• Misc.-The “meat breed,” excellent carcass
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Chester White
• Origin-Pennsylvania
• Ears-Droopy• Color-White
with blue freckles
• Misc.-good mothers, large frame
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Yorkshire
• Origin-England
• Ears-Erect• Color- White• Misc.-the
mother breed, largest litters
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Landrace
• Origin-Denmark
• Ears-Droopy• Color-White• Misc.-
extremely long body
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Sheep Breeds
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Columbia
• Developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Developed to thrive on Western ranges
• Produce medium wool and large amounts of meat
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Hampshire
• Originated in Hampshire, England
• Black face and legs
• Mild demeanor• Unbroken wool
cap should extend from the neck over the forehead
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Rambouillet
• Originated in Spain• Shipped to France in
1801• White in color
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Southdown
• Developed in England• Well suited to farm
flock production• Gray face with white
body• Adapted to wet
conditions
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Suffolk
• Originated in England• Most popular breed in
the United States today
• Produce large amounts of meat
• White with black faces and legs
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Breeds of Dairy Cattle
6 major U.S. breeds
July 2002
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Aryshire
• Originated in Scotland
• Originally known as the Dunlop
• Color: red and white• Good feet and legs,• Excels in udder
conformation• Medium-sized frame
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Brown Swiss
• Originated in Switzerland
• Because of foot and mouth disease, only 3 have been imported since 1906
• Good temperament and strong feet and legs
• Color: gray or light brown to dark brown
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Guernsey
• Originated from the Isle of Guernsey
• Known for high quality (high fat and protein content) milk while consuming less feed
• Intermediate frame
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Holstein
• Originated in Europe
• Large frame• Color: black and
white or red and white
• Known for outstanding milk production
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Jersey
• Originated from the Isle of Jersey (small British isle)
• Color: very light gray to dark brown or almost black
• Known for high milk fat
• Wide-range of body weight; typically smaller-framed
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Milking Shorthorn
• Originated in England
• Color: red, white, red and white, roan
• Most versatile of all breeds: good producers, good temperament, good calves, good frame
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Terminology
• Objective:– Define terminology related to reproductive
management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.
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Terminology
• Objective:– Define terminology related to reproductive
management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.
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Terminology
• Castration– Removing the testicles of the male to prevent
breeding
• Colustrum– First milk
• Gestation– Time an animal is pregnant
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Terminology
• Estrus– When a female is receptive to be bred
• Lactation– Period of time that milk is secreted by the
mammary glands
• Parturition– Than act of giving birth
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Breeding Systems
• Objective– Discuss crossbreeding, grading-up,
inbreeding, linebreeding, and purebreeding
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Breeding Systems
• Pure Breeding– Registered male and female animals– Angus X Angus
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Breeding Systems
• Cross Breeding– Mating a male and female of different breeds– Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed
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Breeding Systems
• Inbreeding– Mating closely related animals– Brother X Sister– Son X Mother– Father X Daughter
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Breeding Systems
• Linebreeding– Breeding more distant relatives than
inbreeding– Cousin X Cousin
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Breeding Systems
• Grading-Up– Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered
or corssbred females (dams)– Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow– Hybrid Vigor
• Superior traits from crossbreeding • Offspring are better than parents
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Ovulation Rates
Ovulation Rates by SpeciesCow- 1 egg per estrusEwe- 1 to 3 eggs per estrusSow- 10 to 20 eggs per estrusMare- 1 egg per estrusHen- Approx. 28 eggs per month
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Reproductive Terminology
Species Act OffspringCows calving calfEwes lambing lambSows farrowing pigHens hatching chickMares foaling foalGoats kidding kid
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
Gestation and Lactation Periods:
Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)
Cow 275 - 285 days beef 180 - 270 daysdairy 305 - 365 days
Ewe 115 - 142 days 60 - 90 - 120 days
Sow 112 - 115 days 21 - 42 days
Mare 330 - 345 days 90 - 150 days
Woman 270 days ? years
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
Estrous period length by species:
Cow 12 - 18 hours
Ewe 24 - 36 hours
Sow 48 - 72 hours
Mare 90 - 170 hours
Hens & Womennone
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Reproductive Functions of the Female
Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or menstrual cycle) to the next.
Length of estrous cycle by species:
Cow 19 - 21 days
Ewe 16 - 17 days
Sow 19 - 21 days
Mare 21 - 24 days
Woman 28 days
Hen none