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Green Computing

Cover Page

GREEN COMPUING

Author: Ms. Priyanka Kotwani

3rdyr, CSE, JIET-SETG

Email id: [email protected]

Under the Supervision of

Ms. Suman Goyal

Sr. Lecturer, CSE, JIET

Email id: [email protected]

1. Introduction 3

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2. Why Green Computing is Needed 3

3. Core Objectives of Green Computing 4

4. Approaches to Green Computing

4.1 Virtualization 4

4.2 Power Management 5

4.3 Power Supply 5

4.4 Storage 5

4.5 Display 6

4.6 Materials Recycling 6

4.7 Telecommuting 6

5. NComputing - an architecture that changes the green equation

5.1 Consumes90% less energy per user 7

5.2 Air conditioningthe hidden environmental cost 7

5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills 8

6. Future of Green Computing 8

7. Conclusion 8

8. Bibliography 9

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Green Computing

Abstract

As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmosand electronic items, energy issues will get a

serious ring in the coming days. If we think

computers are nonpolluting and consume verylittle energy we need to think again. Green

computing is the term used to denote efficient

use of resources in computing. This term

generally relates to the use of computingresources in conjunction with minimizing

environmental impact, maximizing economic

viability and ensuring social duties. Green

computing is very much related to other similarmovements like reducing the use of

environmentally hazardous materials like CFCs,promoting the use of recyclable materials,

minimizing use of non-biodegradable

components, and encouraging use of sustainable

resources. This seminar report gives a generaloverview on the current state of opportunities lie

in green technology and organizations which are

seeing it as a way to create new profit centerswhile trying to help the environmental cause

and several formations that we can explore in itin coming future. The plan towards green ITshould include new electronic products and

services with optimum efficiency and all

possible options towards energy savings.

1. Introduction

Green computing or green IT, refers to

environmentally sustainable computing or IT.Dr. San Murugesan a Senior Consultant defines

the field of green computing as "the study andpractice of designing, manufacturing, using, and

disposing of computers, servers, and associated

subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storagedevices, and networking and communications

systemsefficiently and effectively withminimal or no impact on the environment."

As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos

and electronic items, energy issues will get aserious ring in the coming days, as the publicdebate on carbon emissions, global warming

and climate change gets hotter. The average PC

wastes about half the energy provided to it,according to the Climate Savers Computing

Initiative, an industry group dedicated to

reducing greenhouse-gas emissions

The goals of green computing are similar

to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardousmaterials, maximize energy efficiency during

the product's lifetime, and promote

the recyclability or biodegradability of defunctproducts and factory waste. Research continues

into key areas such as making the use of

computers as energy-efficient as possible, anddesigning algorithms and systems for

efficiency-related computer technologies.

2. Why Green Computing is

needed?

IT Executives are at last coming under

increasing pressure to deliver a Green IT or

Green Computing Strategy. Executive boardsare finally recognizing there can be a genuine

competitive advantage in adopting green issues

and signing up to a low carbon emissionsfootprint. Having a Green IT Strategy can

directly affect the view of the organizations

customers. Customers will clearly continue to

evaluate suppliers based on product/serviceofferings and their costs, however, if all else is

equal, then choosing a supplier with a low

carbon policy can be a key differentiator. Mostpeople do want to support green issues and

adopting suppliers with low-carbon strategies

helps buyers to feel good about their decisions.

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Green IT also brings with it direct cost benefitsfor the organization, making it an easier sell to

the more sceptical boards of directors. With a

Green Computing or IT Strategy we can reduce

equipment, power, air-conditioning, and supportcosts. This applies throughout the enterprise

not just in data-centers or our server rooms butdesktop computers as well.

3. Core Objectives of Green

Computing Strategies

Minimizing energy consumption

Purchasing green energy

Reducing the paper and other

consumables used

Minimizing equipment disposalrequirements

Reducing travel requirements foremployees/customers

4. Approaches to Green

Computing

4.1 Virtualization:

Computer virtualization is the process ofrunning two or more logical computer systems

on one set of physical hardware. With

virtualization, a system administrator could

combine several physical systems into virtualmachines on one single, powerful system,

thereby unplugging the original hardware andreducing power and cooling consumption. One

of the primary goals of almost all forms of

virtualization is making the most efficient use of

available system resources.

Virtualization highlights the idea of Green

Computing; by consolidating servers andmaximizing CPU processing power on other

servers. Storage virtualization makes it possible

for systems to access a shared storagesubsystem. Its clear that this approach would

reduce the number of storage devices needed,

the amount of power required, the heat produced

and, as a wonderful side effect, would reducethe operational and administrative costs of back

up, archival storage etc.

4.2 Power Management:Lower power consumption also means lower

heat dissipation, which increases system

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stability, and less energy use, which savesmoney and reduces the impact on the

environment.

The Advanced Configuration and Power

Interface (ACPI), an open industry standard,allows an operating system to directly control

the power saving aspects of its underlyinghardware. This allows a system to automatically

turn off components such as monitors and hard

drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition,

a system may hibernate, where mostcomponents (including the CPU and the system

RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an

earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called AdvancedPower Management, which allows a computer's

BIOS to control power management functions.

Power management for computer systems are

desired for many reasons, particularly:

Prolong battery life for portable and embedded systems.

Reduce cooling requirements.Reduce noise.Reduce operating costs for energy and

cooling.

4.3 Power Supply:

Power supplies in most computers (PSUs for

short) aren't designed for energy efficiency. Infact, most computers drain more power than

they need during normal operation, leading to

higher electrical bills and a more direenvironmental impact. The 80 Plus program is a

voluntary certification system for power-supply

manufacturers. If a PSU meets the certification,

it will use only the power it needs at a given

Load i.e. it won't use more power than it needs.Various initiatives are underway to improve the

efficiency of computer power supplies.

Climate savers computing initiative promotesenergy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions by encouraging development and use

of more efficient power supplies

4.4 Storage:There are three routes available, all of which

vary in cost, performance, and Capacity.

The most conventional route is the 3.5" desktop

hard drive. For laying focus on reduced powerconsumption reduced RAM low power idle

mode with fixed rotation speed have come in

scene. Its advantage is highest possible capacityplus the best performance.

The second option is to use a 2.5" laptop harddrive. These consume less power than largerdisks as a result of their smaller platters, smaller

motors, and firmware

The lowest-power option is to use a solid state

hard drive (SSD), which typically draw less than

one-third the power of a 2.5" disk. The latest,highest-performance SSDs are very fast and

consume less energy

4.5 Displays:

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LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathodefluorescent bulb to provide light for the display.

Some newer displays use an array of light-

emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of thefluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of

electricity used by the display. LCD monitors

uses three times less when active, and ten timesless energy when in sleep mode. LCDs are up to

66% more energy efficient than CRTs, LCDs

are also upwards of 80% smaller in size and

weight, leading to fuel savings in shipping.LCDs produce less heat, meaning you'll need

less AC to keep cool.LCD screens are also

easier on the eyes. Their lower intensity andsteady light pattern result in less fatigue versus

CRTs.

4.6 Materials Recycling:

Computer recycling refers to recycling or reuse

of a computer or electronic wasteAdditionally, parts from outdated systems may

be salvaged and recycled through certain retail

outlets and municipal or private recyclingcenters. Recycling computing equipment can

keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury,

and hexavalent chromium out of landfills.Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges,

paper, and batteries may be recycled as well.

Obsolete computers are a valuable source for

secondary raw materials, if treated properly,however if not treated properly they are a major

source of toxins and carcinogens.

4.7 Telecommuting:Teleconferencing and telepresence technologiesare often implemented in green computing

initiatives. The advantages are many; increased

worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions related to travel, and increased profitmargins as a result of lower overhead costs for

office space, heat, lighting, etc

Rather than traveling great distances, in order to

have a face-face meeting, it is now possible toteleconference instead, using a multiway video

phone. Each member of the meeting, or each

party, can see every other member on a screenor screens, and can talk to them as if they were

in the same room. This brings enormous time

and cost benefits, as well as a reduced impact on

the environment by lessening the need for travel- a damaging source of carbon emissions.

5. NComputing - an architecture

that changes the green equation

NComputing systems are a major leap forward

in green computing. More than 15,000

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organizations in over 80 countries have usedNComputing to slash their carbon footprint and

electric consumption. The NComputing solution

is based on a simple fact: todays PCs are so

powerful that the vast majority of applicationsonly use a small fraction of the computers

capacity. NComputings virtualization softwareand hardware tap this unused capacity so that it

can be simultaneously shared by multiple users.

The NComputing virtualization software workson a standard Windows or Linux1 PC. Each

users monitor, keyboard, and mouse connect to

the shared PC through a small and durableNComputing access device. The device itself

has no CPU, memory, or moving partsso it iseasy to deploy and maintain. It also consumes

very little power.

5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per

user

PCs typically consume between 110 to 200watts of electricity. In contrast, NComputing

access devices consume next to nothing. In fact,NComputings L-series devices consume 5

watts per added user and the X-series consumejust 1 watt per added user. If you replace

seventy PCs with ten PCs attached to sixty

NComputing X-series access devices, youwould save over 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh),

which translates to over 1 metric ton of CO2emissions per year.

5.2 Air conditioningthe hidden

environmental cost

A single PC generates more heat than a 100watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or

office with PCs warms up very

quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almostalways have to be air conditioned. Air

conditioners raise electricity costs and requirelarge capital expenditures to buy, install, and

maintain them. In comparison, a room equippedwith PCs and NComputing access devices

generates 90% less heat and does not require

additional air conditioning.

5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills

It is found out lately that while electronic wasterepresents only 2% of trash in landfills, it

represents 80% of the toxic waste. NComputinggreatly reduces the magnitude of this problem.

In sheer weight, PCs generate much more

waste than virtual desktops. A typical PC

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weighs about 21 pounds (9.5 kg); anNComputing access device weighs about 1/3 of

a pound (0.15 kg), for a 98% reduction in

electronic waste.

An NComputing access device also has amuch longer useful life than a PC. When a

shared PC is replaced with a newer one, the PC

may go to a landfill, but the NComputing userscan keep their access devices and enjoy the

boost in performance from the new PC. So

whereas PCs might be upgraded every threeyears or so, access devices could easily last five

years or more. With less frequent turnover, less

equipment ends up in landfills.

NComputing access devices are also compliantwith RoHS regulations, which restrict the use of

lead and other harmful metals.

6. Future of Green Computing

The plan towards green IT should include newelectronic products and services with

optimum efficiency and all possible

options towards energy savings. That isenterprise wise companies are layingemphasis on moving towards Eco

Friendly Components in Computers, the

use of eco-friendly sustainable

components will become the norm

rather than the exception in future.

To this approach for an instance - A Canadian

Company, Userful Inc. (www.userful.com) have

come up with a solution that turns 1 computer

into 10 - Discover Station. Quickly becomingthe standard for green computing worldwide,

Discover Station leverages the unused

computing power of modern PCs to create anenvironmentally efficient alternative to

traditional desktop computing. Multiple users

can work on a single computer by simply

attaching up to 10 monitors, mice andkeyboards. This makes it possible to reduce

CO2 emissions by up to 15 tons per year per

system and reduce electronic waste by up to

80%. Userful has recently stated that in the lastyear their software has saved over 13,250* tons

of CO2 emissions, the equivalent of taking2,300 cars off the road.

Another approach for future Green Computing

is building big more and more data centerswhere data center refers to a centralized

repository, either physical or virtual, for the

storage, management, and dissemination of dataand information organized around a particular

body of knowledge or pertaining to a particularbusiness.

7. Conclusion

So far, consumers haven't cared about

ecological impact when buying computers,they've cared only about speed and price. But as

Moore's Law marches on and computers

commoditize, consumers will become pickier

about being green. Devices use less and lesspower while renewable energy gets more and

more portable and effective. New green

materials are developed every year, and manytoxic ones are already being replaced by them.

So green computing is amindset that asks how we can satisfy the

growing demand for network computing

without putting such pressure on the

environment. There is an alternative way to

design a processor and a system such that wedon't increase demands on the environment, but

still provide an increased amount of processingcapability to customers to satisfy their business

needs. Green computing is not about going out

and designing biodegradable packaging forproducts. Now the time came to think about the

efficiently use of computers and the resources

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which are non renewable. It opens a newwindow for the new entrepreneur for harvesting

with E-waste material and scrap computers.

The greenest computer will not

miraculously fall from the sky one day; itll be

the product of years of improvements. Thefeatures of a green computer of tomorrow

would be like: efficiency, manufacturing &

materials, recyclability, service model, self-

powering, and other trends. Green computer willbe one of the major contributions which will

break down the 'digital divide', the electronic

gulf that separates the information rich from theinformation poor.

8. Bibliography

file:///D:/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,

%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm

www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/7881

3/AJ18_EN.pdf

www.techno-

preneur.net/information.../ Green%20 Computing .pdf

www.computer user.com/.../the- future-

of-green - computing .html

www.pcmicronetics.com/.../ NComputing %20Technology%20 White %20 Paper

%202-2-07.pdf

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Data _ center

www.brighthub.com/environment/ green -

computing /.../73844.aspx

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http://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/78813/AJ18_EN.pdfhttp://www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/78813/AJ18_EN.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-of-green-computing.htmlhttp://www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-of-green-computing.htmlhttp://www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-of-green-computing.htmlhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/.../73844.aspxhttp://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/.../73844.aspxhttp://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://d/15%20sept%20ppt/Green%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htmhttp://www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/78813/AJ18_EN.pdfhttp://www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/78813/AJ18_EN.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.techno-preneur.net/information.../Green%20Computing.pdfhttp://www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-of-green-computing.htmlhttp://www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-of-green-computing.htmlhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputing%20Technology%20White%20Paper%202-2-07.pdfhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/.../73844.aspxhttp://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/.../73844.aspx


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