Download - 5. Asynchronous Interconnections 2
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 1
Asynchronous Interconnections LCC, CCC, VSC, VFT
Mike Bahrman P.E., ABB Grid Systems, HVDC Power Transmission, October 26, 2011, Mexico City
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 2
Asynchronous Interconnections Topics
� Application
� Technology
� HVDC
� CCC
� VSC
� VFT
� Project examples
� Station tour of Rapid City
� Potential Baja Norte application
� Discussion
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Asynchronous HVDC interconnections Back-to-back ties (or lines) across grid boundaries
� Incremental interconnections between regions
� Controlled energy trade
� Shared reserves
� Increase diversity
� Improve reliability
� Enable mutual assistance and emergency support
� Isolate disturbances – “fire wall” against cascading outages, alternative solution to “too big to fail”
� Application issues� Relative system strength� Voltage stability� Wind Generation� System restoration
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Differences - HVDC Classic, CCC and HVDC LightFunction in
converter station Conventional
HVDCMission
CCCHVDC
Rapid City
HVDC Light
Valves Thyristor Thyristor IGBT Connection valve-AC
gridConverter
transformer Converter
transformer + series capacitor
Phase reactors (+ transformer)
Filtering & reactive compensation
22% in filters + 35% shunt capacitors
15-30% in filters +35% in series
capacitors
<10% in filters
DC smoothing Smoothing reactor + DC filt
Smoothingreactor + DC filt
DC capacitor
AC system requirements
SCC > 2x Converter rating
SCC>1.3x Converter rating
Dead load or wind plant possible
Voltage Control Filter + cap bank switching
Filter switch + series cap load
Continuous & dynamic
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Transfer capability Voltage stability v relative system strength
HVDCLOW SCR
HVDCMED SCR
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Modular back-to-back CCC asynchronous tie
HVDC Classic
HVDC CCC
� Improved stability for weak systems due to commutation capacitor
� Higher power for given location
� Simplified reactive power control
� Garabi: 4x550 MW
� Rapid City Tie: 2x100 MW
� Modular design for shorter construction time
� Least expensive, most efficient asynchronous tie technology for moderately weak system
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HVDC versus VSC HVDC High level comparison
� For the same power and voltage rating, HVDC with VSC is generally a little more expensive than conventional HVDC for the same configuration
� For high power with strong grid, relative cost differential is higher
� For back-to-back with strong grid, the cost differential is higher
� For lower power levels and / or for relatively weak ac systems, the cost differential is less or may even reverse
� Some applications are only possible with VSC
� Full load losses for conventional HVDC are about 0.7% per converter whereas those for VSC HVDC are about 0.9%
� Additional system benefits provided by VSC, e.g. voltage support
� Continuous overload of 15-30% adds 5-10% to station cost for both technologies, no “inherent” low ambient overload with VSC
� More up-side foreseen with HVDC Light
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Variable Frequency Transformer
� Source: “Variable Frequency Transformer – A Simple and Reliable Transmission Technology”, Paul Marken
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 9
VFT as asynchronous interconnection Are networks decoupled?
sin )( 2112
21
X
VVP �� ��
V1/�1 V2/�2Power flow PP � What happens if there is a sudden bus voltage reduction on one side due to network event?
� What happens if there is sudden change in phase angle on one side due to contingency?
� What happens if there is a trip and reclosing attempt of radial ac lines?
� What is the impact of the high impedance on stability margin?
� What are the issues with wind plant interconnecting wind plant?
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Customer: CIEN
Year of commissioning: 1999, 2002
Brazil - Argentina Interconnection
Customer’s need
� Enable Argentina (50 Hz) and Brazil (60 Hz) to utilize their electricity resources more efficiently and cost effectively
ABB’s response
� Turnkey 2,200 MW 140 kV (± 70 kV) HVDC back-to-back system (4 x 550 MW)
Customer’s benefits
� The HVDC link enables competitive power providers to import and export power to take advantage of peaks and troughs in supply and demand between Brazil’s and Argentina’s asynchronous networks
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Customer:Basin Electric Power
Year of commissioning: 2003
Rapid City DC Tie US
Customer’s need� Interconnect the power system of eastern USA
with the western system with a 200 MW back-to- back HVDC station at Rapid City, South Dakota
ABB’s response
� A turnkey 2 x 100 MW HVDC back-to-back system with CCC
Customer’s benefits
� The Rapid City DC tie will help to meet the increasing power demands in two asynchronous networks
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Customer’s need� Integration of power markets
� Optimal utilization of differences in production and consumption
ABB’s response� Turnkey 150 MW HVDC back-to-back system
Customer’s benefits� Provides low-cost power to a growing market
� Strengthens the local grids on both sides of the US-Mexican border
Sharyland Mission Asynchronous Tie US - Mexico
Customer:Sharyland Utilities
Year of commissioning: 2007
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Customer’s need
� Raise transmission capacity between the two regions Québec and Ontario
ABB’s response
� 1,250 MW 175 kV HVDC back-to back station (2 x 625 MW)
Customer’s benefits
� Gives Ontario access to emission-free hydroelectric power from Quebec that replaces fossil fuel sources
� Improved grid reliability in both regions
Customer:Hydro-Québec
Year of commissioning: 2009
OutaouaisCanada
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Customer’s need
� Regional power need close to two new hydropower plants in the northwest
ABB’s response� 800 MW back-to-back station with CCC
� 2 x 400 MW CCC
� ESCR < 1
Customer’s benefits
� Highly efficient power transmission
� Decoupling of a large generation area from a small local network.
Customer:Abengoa group
End user: Porto Velho Transmissora de Energia S.A.
Year of commissioning: 2012
Rio Madeira back-to-back, 2 x 400 MW Brazil
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 15
Rapid City Tie 200 MW asynchronous interconnection, HVDC CCC
� Rated power: 2x100 MW
� DC voltage: ±13 kV
� Transmission: Back-to-Back
� System voltage: 230 kV
� In operation: 2003
� Schedule: 19 months
� Reactive: ±60 MVAr
� E-W asynchronous interconnection
� Weak system operation
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High Pass Filter
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Operator Work Station
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Contented Neighbors
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Happy Customers
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How and where to interconnect Baja Norte?
MIGUEL(SDG & E)
IMPERIAL VALLEY(SCE)
MEXICALI588MW SAN LUIS
RIO COLORADOMW
CPU
220MW
220MW
CPDCPT
( 2 )
( 3 )
ROSARITO620MW
SN. VICENTE
180MW
LOS MOCHIS176MW
DURANGO II
TEPIC113MW
AGUASCALIENTES406MW
( 2 )
( 2 )
PTO.VALLARTA87MW
( 2 )( 2 )
( 3 )
( 3 )
LEON326MW
IRAPUATO289MW
A. PRIETA240MW
CELAYA288MW
GUADALAJARA1328MW
QUERETARO422MW
( 2 )( 2 )
MAZAMITLAMORELIA170MW
SALAMANCA189MW
CD. GUZMAN88MW
APATZINGAN75MWMANZANILLO
155MW1900MW
( 2 )CUERNAVACA
84MW
( 2 )
( 2 )
117MW
POZA RICA127MW
MAZATEPECTEZIUTLAN
96MWJALAPA86MWTLAXCALA226MW
PTO. PEÑASCOSONOYTA
( 2 )
NOGALES64MW AGUA PRIETA
21
DIABLO
EAGLE PASS(CPL)
( 2 )
ESCOBEDO208MW ( 2 )
( 2 )59MW
EL FUERTE
BACURATO92MW
( 2 )
( 2 )( 2 )COMEDERO100MWHUMAYA
90MW
PLAZA
( 2 )( 2 )
( 2 )
110MW
616MW
( 2 )( 2 )
PUEBLAAZUFRES
( 2 )AGUAMILPA960MW
( 2 ) ( 2 )
( 2 )
EL SAUZ 424MW218MW109MW
866MW
98MW
CARAPAN213MW
D. GUERRA338MW
8
9
7
6
5
2.2
3.1
2.3
1
MAZATLAN165MW
( 2 )
( 3 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
O.I. 230 KV
( 2 )
( 3 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
TECNOLOGICO
EL HABAL
( 2 )
( 2 )
MONCLOVA
190MW
73MW
459MW
84MW
HUITES422MW( 2 )( 2 )P. NUEVO
2.1 ( 2 )ZIMAPANDAÑU
QRO.POT
MONTE MORELOS122 MWW
OP.INC.230 KV
V. GUERRERO
292MW
S. BERNABE
( 2 )
( 2 )
SN. FELIPE
SN. QUINTIN
TIJUANA353MW
ENSENADA112MW
VILLACONSTITUCION
56MW
STO.DOMINGO
AGUSTIN OLACHEA
SANTIAGO
CABO SANLUCAS46MW
65MW
HERMOSILLO543MW
554MW AVALOSFCO. VILLA
135MW
CANANEANVO. CASASGRANDES
107MW
SANTIAGO106MW
BLEDALESLA PAZ I
SAN JOSEDEL CABO
P. PRIETA IILA PAZ66MW
112.5MW
LORETO5MW
( 2 )
SASABE
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
NACOZARI131MW
CD. JUAREZ475MW
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
STA. CRUZ
GUAYMAS94MW
CAMARGO183MW
CHIHUAHUA266MW
316MWSAMALAYUCA
( PTECI )( PEEECo)
( EPECO) AZCARATE ( EPECO)
P. E. CALLES
MOCTEZUMA
HERCULES
632MW
PTO.LIBERTAD
6 DE ABRIL158MW
SANTA ANA20MW
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
CD. OBREGON234MW
NAVOJOA127MW
TOPOLOBAMPO360MW ( 2 )
( 2 )
GUASAVE91MW
CULIACAN285MW
CUAUHTEMOC124MW
( 2 ) 399MW
LA AMISTAD66MW PIEDRAS NEGRAS
539MW
NAVA ( 2 )( 2 )
( 2 )( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )( 2 )
( 2 )( 2 )
( 2 )( 2 )
FRONTERA
NVA. ROSITA
RIO ESCONDIDO1200MW
CARBON II1400MW LAREDO
(CPL)
NVO. LAREDO149MW
PRESA FALCON(CPL)
BROWNSVILLE(CPL)
MATAMOROS196MWRIO
BRAVO375MW
FALCON24MW31MW
320MW
239MW
918MW
G. PALACIO631MW
LERDO
ANDALUCIA
( 2 )
TORREONSUR
LAMPAZOS
V. GARCIA
HUINALAMONTERREY1775MW
REYNOSA220MW
CD. VICTORIA101MW
MATEHUALA68MW
ZACATECAS281MW
SALTILLO351MW
TAMPICO402MW
ALTAMIRA770MW
700MWSN. L. POTOSI457MW
RIO VERDE41MW
CD. VALLES
2100MWTUXPAN
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
( 2 )
O.I. 230 KV
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 35
Interconnection of Baja Norte Questions and discussion points
� Location
� Baja end
� Sonora end
� US border (La Rosita and Tijuana)
� Back-to-back or line
� Rating
� Relative system strength
� Expandability
� Integration of wind resources
� System restoration
� Technology
� Economics, O&M
© ABB Group November 2, 2011 | Slide 36