Download - 4+5 tissue types and epithelial tissue.ppt
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Tissue types
Lect. # 4+5
Dr. Essam Qnais
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Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue is present in two forms 1-
as sheets of contiuous cells that co!er
the "oy on its e$ternal surface an line
the "oy on its internal surface an %- as
lans which oriinate from in!ainate
epithelial cells.
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&unctions of epithelial tissue
1- co!erin an linin of surfaces e.. s'in
(protection)
%- absorptione.. intestines or certain'iney tu"ules
*- secretion of mucus hormones , etce.. epithelial cells of lans
4- sensation(neuroepithelium) e.. taste"us retina of the eye.
5- contractione.. myoepithelial cells
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riin of epithelial tissues
(eri!e from any em"ryonic layer)
1- ectoderm layer
(epithelium that lines the s'in mouth nosemammary lan an anus)
%- endoderm layer
(epithelium that lines respiratory systemiesti!e tract an the lans of the
iesti!e tract (li!er pancreas)) *- mesoderm layer
(epithelium that lines the "loo !essels)
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Epithelial tissues are classifie
accorin to
1- the num"er of cell layers "etween the "asal
lamina an the free surface
Single layer
Several layer
Basal lamina
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asal lamina
asement mem"rane is well staine "y the /0 reaction.
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asal laminae an "asement
mem"ranes The basement
membraneseen with
liht microscopy is shown
"y electron microscopy to
"e compose of thebasal lamina ela"orate
"y epithelial cells an
lamina reticularis
manufacture "y cells ofconnecti!e tissue
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asement mem"rane
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Basal lamina (seen with EM)- lamina lucia (23 collaenlaminin entactin interins an
proteolycan) - lamina ensa (23 collaen
coate with proteolycan anaminolycosie. ontains alsofi"ronectin)
- &unctions of "asal lamina
1- support %- reulatese$chanes of molecules *- cellto cell interaction 4- reulatecell proliferation anifferentiation.
Lamina reticularisis
manufacture "y fi"ro"lastsan is compose of type 2 an222 collaen an is responsi"lefor affi$in the lamina ensa tothe unerlyin T
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asement
mem"ranein iney
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asement
mem"rane
in iney
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%- the shape (morpholoy) of the component cells
(the shape of the nuclei)
(flat)
tratifie are
classifie "y
the
morpholoy
of the cells in
their superficial
layer only
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Types of simple epithelium
1- simple s6uamous
%- simple cu"oial
*- simple columnar - ciliate
- non ciliate
4- pseuostratifie columnar
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/seuostratifie epithelium
/ t tifi
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/seuostratifie
epithelium
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Types of stratifie epithelium
1- stratifie s6uamous
- 'eratini7e
- non 'eratini7e %- stratifie cu"oial
*- stratifie columnar
4- transitional epithelium
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'eratini7e
stratifie s6uamous
8 ' ti i
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8on-'eratini7e
stratifie
s6uamous
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eratini7e stratifie s6uamous
epithelium
nonkeratinized
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Transitional epithelium
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Transitional epithelium
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tratifie transitional epithelium
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/olarity an cell-surface
speciali7ations
9ost epithelial cells ha!e apical omain an"asolateral omain.
The apical omain represents the free surface of
the epithelial cells (part of the cell that faces thelumen).
The "asolateral omain inclues the "asal anlateral aspects of the cell mem"rane.
The apical an the "asolateral omains areseparate from each other "y tiht :unctions thatencircle the apical aspect of the cell.
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9oifications that are necessary for the
apical omain to carry out its functions.
1- Microvilli; are small finer li'ecytoplasmic pro:ections. (E9) (1-%
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9icro!illi
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9icro!illi
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9icro!illi
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9oifications that are necessary for the
apical omain to carry out its functions.
!"lycocaly#represents car"ohyrate resiuesattache to the transmem"rane proteins of theplasmalemma (i.e. ?lycoproteins). They functionin protection an cell reconition.
$!Steriociliaare lon nonmotile micro!illi founonly in epiiymis an on the sensory hair cellsof the cochlea (inner ear). 2n epiiymis theyfunction in increasin the surface area anfacilitatin the mo!ement of molecules into anout of the cellsA in the hair cells they function insinal eneration.
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9oifications that are necessary for the
apical omain to carry out its functions.
%! &iliaare lon (B-1=
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&ilia
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asal "oy; structurally similar to a
centriole anchors the tu"ules in
the cell
&ilia movement'
!Sliding the microtubules
doublets past each other
!his action needs *+
&omposition of cilia and flagella
(C+%)
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&ilia
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9oifications that are necessary for the
apical omain to carry out its functions.
,! -lagella.
permato7oa one
per cell an similar in
structure to cilia.
&ilia
-lagellum.
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Lateral mem"rane speciali7ation
Lateral mem"rane speciali7ations re!eal thepresence of :unctional comple$es.
unctional comple$es may "e classifie into *
types .!/mpermeable 0unctions; function in :oinincells to form an impermea"le "arrier pre!entinmaterial from ta'in an intercellular route in
passin across the epithelial sheath. E.. tight0unction (1onulae 2ccludentes)
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ight 0unctions
Tiht :unction form a "elt li'e:unction that encircles theentire circumference of thecell.
ight 0unctionsfunction in twoways
1- pre!ent the mo!ement ofmem"rane proteins from theapical omain to the"asolateral omain
%- fuse plasma mem"ranes ofa:acent cells to pre!ent water
solu"le molecules frompassin "etween cells in eitherirection.
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ight 0unctions
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! *nchoring or adhering 0unctions;function in maintainin cell-to-cell or cell to"asal lamina aherence. E..
esmosomes an hemi esmosomes. $! &ommunicating 0unctions; function in
permittin mo!ement of ions or sinalinmolecules "etween cells thus couplina:acent cells "oth electrically anmeta"olically. E.. ?ap :unctions.
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Desmosomes
0re wel li'e :unctions alon thelateral cell mem"ranes that help toresist shearin forces.
Dis' shape attachment pla6uesare locate opposite each other onthe cytoplasmic aspects of the
plasma mem"ranes of a:acentepithelial cells. Each pla6ue is compose of a
series of attachment proteins(esmopla'ins an pa'olo"ins)
2ntermeiate filaments ofcyto'eratin are o"ser!e to insert
into this pla6ue.ee fiure;
! 3esmogleinre6uires
a+%
! /ntegrins are receptor sites for
the e$tracelular macromolecules
laminin an collaen type 23
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Desmosomes
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3esmosome
Microvilli and cillia and steriocellia
4eretinized