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(45-A): Europe
Chapter in detail:
Introduction
Latitude : 34051'N to 81047'N
Longitude : 24033'W to 69003'EPopulation : 60 crores
Area: 1,04,98,000 sq. km.Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after America.
Situation : Europe is situated between Ural Mountains in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in thewest, in the west of Asia, and north of Africa. To the north of Europe lies Arctic Ocean, to the
south lies the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains and to the East UralMountains and the Caspian Sea.
Europe and Asia as one common landmass, is known as Eurasia.
Greatest extent, North-South : 4300 km
Greatest extent, East-West : 5600 km
Principal Countries
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
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Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, VaticanCity State, Yugoslavia.
Countries of Scandinavia
Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland are collectively known as Scandinavia.
EUROPE : PHYSICAL
Important Gulfs and Bays
Name Separates Part of Sea or Ocean
Gulf of Riga Estonia and Latvia Baltic Sea.
Gulf of Finland Finland and Estonia Baltic Sea.
Gulf of Bothnia Sweden and Finland Baltic Sea.
English Channel Britain and Spain Atlantic Ocean.
Bay of Biscay France and Spain Atlanic Ocean.
Gulf of Lions Lies to the south of France Mediterranean Sea.
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Important Seas
NameLOCATION, (PART OF
OCEAN)RIVERS DRAINING
INTO THEM
Mediterranean SeaSeparates Europe from Africa,
Strait of Gibralter connects it to
the Atlantic
Tiber (Italy) (France)Ebro (Spain)
White Sea North of Russia, Arctic OceanMezen, N. Divina,
andOnega.
Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean Vistula and Oder.
North Sea
Wide continental shelves of North
Sea, called as Dogger Bank is oneof the most productive regions forfishing in the world.
North sea is connected to theBaltic Sea through Kiel Canal.
East of the United Kingdom,Atlantic Ocean
Elbe and Weser(Germany) and Rhine
(Netherland)
Irish SeaLies between Great Britain and
Ireland, Atlantic Ocean.
Adriatic SeaNorth east of Italy, Mediterranean
Sea.Po (Italy.)
Ionian SeaLies between Greece and Italy,
Mediterranean Sea.
Balck Sea Separates Europe from Asia Dnepr, Dnster, Danube.
Sea of AzovSouth east of Ukraine, North of
Black SeaDon.
Sea of Marmara South westof Black Sea.Connects Black Sea andAegean Sea
Aegean SeaLies between Greece and Anatolia
Peninsula (Turkey), Mediterranean
Sea.
Important Straits
Name Separates Connects
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Strait of Gibralter
(Known as Key to theMediterranean).
Europe and AfricaMediterranean Sea withAtlantic Ocean.
Strait of BonifacioSardina islands. (Italy) and
Corsica (France)
Tyrhenian Sea with
Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Messina Sicily and Peninsular ItalyTyrhenian Sea withMediterranean Sea.
Strait of Otranto Italy and Balkan Peninsula Adriatic Sea with Ionian Sea.
Bosporus StraitIstanbul and Anatolia
Peninsula (Turkey)
Black Sea with Sea of
Marmara.
Strait of Kerch Kerch (Ukraine) and Russia Sea of Azov with Black Sea.
Dardanelles Strait Balkan Peninsula and AntoliaPeninsula
Sea of Marmara with AegeanSea.
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Important Rivers of Europe
Rivers of Italy Outflow City Located
Po
The principal lowland of Italy is the fertile northern plain
formed by the countrys longest river the Po (.652 km) and itstributaries. South West flowing river of Italy
Adriatic Sea Venice (Italy)
Tiber
Delta : Cuspate.
Mediterranean
SeaRome (Italy)
Garrone Bay of Biscay Bordeaux
Loire Bay of Biscay Nantes.
Seine English channel Paris, Rouen and
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Le Havre.
Other River of Europe Outflow City/Located
Rhone It flows through Lake Geneva of Switzerland
Its tributary Saone meet near Lyon of France
(Gulf of Lions) Lyon (France)
Ebro (Spain) Cantabarian Mountain MediterraneanSea Zaragoza (Spain)
Guadalquivir (Spain) Atlantic Ocean. Seville (Spain)
Tagus (Spain and Portugal) Atlantic Ocean Lisbon (Portugal)
Douro
Douro basin is known for wine (Port wine) in westPortugal.
Atlantic Ocean Oporto (Portugal)
Weser
Flows in Germany.
Bremerhaven (Germany) lies on its mouth.
North Sea Bremen (Germany)
Elbe River flows in Germany
Hamburg (Germany) is located on its mouth.
North SeaDresden and
Magdeburg
Oder
Follows almost the border of Germany of
Polant/BalticSea/Stettin
Wista (Vistula)
Flows in PolandBaltic Sea
Warsaw, the
capital city.
NORTH FLOWING RIVERS FROMWEST TO
EAST INFOMATION
Onega, N. Dvina, and MezenFlows through European Plain into the
White Sea.
SOUTH EAST FLOWING RIVER SOURCE OUTFLOWCITY
LOCATED
Volga (Europes longest river, 3,690km)ValdasPlateau
Caspian SeaSaratov,Volgograd
DonTula
(Black Sea)
Sea of Azov
Rostov
Danube
Black
Forest(Germany)
Black Sea
Linz, Viena,
Budapest,Belgrade
If flows in Middle Europe through Austria, Slovakia
Hungary and the northern part of Yugoslavia andRomania.
It is the only river in the world which touches or
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crosses right countries.
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Important Mountains
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