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COPYRIGHT REGULATION OF NEWS
AGGREGATORS
…when regula,ng a changing environment creates more problems than benefits
Sergio Miralles 8 April 2015
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OUTLINE
• News aggregators and legal issues raised • Background: • Deep links • Snipplets / thumbnails
• The Spanish way • Concluding remarks
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CONCLUSIONS
• Failed legislaQve experiences • Final thoughts: • Is this a case for copyright? Or rather we should look at ex post remedies e.g. the laws of unfair compeQQon or anQtrust… • Is it Qme for EU harmonizaQon? if so let’s go for a RegulaQon model please ¡
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NEWS AGGREGATORS
• Elements. Types. Constant evoluQon • CompeQtors of publishers? • Editorial role • Exclusion protocols (robots.txt)
h]p://news.google.co.uk/
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LEGAL ISSUES RAISED
• Copyright: Deep links and use of snippets/ thumbnails in view of InfoSoc DirecQve (2001/29/EC)
• LegislaQve policy : Property vs Freedom of informaQon Technology developments Freedom of compeQQon
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BACKGROUND: DEEP LINKS TO NEWS
• German BGH “Paper-‐boy” judgment (BGH, 17.07.2003 -‐ I ZR 259/00) • Cour d'Appel de Bruxelles’ judgment of 5 May 2011 (Copipress vs Google news) • CJUE Svensson judgment of 13 February 2014 (C‑466/12) • CJUE Bestwater order of 21 October 2014 (C-‐348/13) • CJUE C More Ent. Judgment of 26 March 2015 (C-‐279/13)
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BACKGROUND: USE OF SNIPPLETS AND THUMBNAILS
• Is the type of analysis in Infopaq (c-‐5/08) or in NLA v Meltwater ([2011] EWCA Civ 890) the correct one? • Does Svensson change anything? • Other approaches towards “flexible copyright”: tacit consent, ius usus inocui…
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BACKGROUND: USE OF SNIPPLETS AND THUMBNAILS
• Is secQon 10.1 Berne Conv. applicable?
“It shall be permissible to make quota,ons from a work which has already been lawfully made available to the public, provided that their making is compa,ble with fair prac,ce, and their extent does not exceed that jus,fied by the purpose, including quota,ons from newspaper ar,cles and periodicals in the form of press summaries.”
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LEGISLATIVE MODELS: GERMANY
• 2013 Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlege (87.f-‐h. of the Copyright Act) • PracQcal results: From the “opt out” right to the need to “opt in” • Challenge to German ConsQtuQonal Court by Yahoo (art. 5 GG)
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LEGISLATIVE MODELS: SPAIN
• Amendment to Spanish Copyright Act, new subsecQon 32(2) • LimitaQon for aggregators: “The making available to the public by providers of digital services of content aggrega,on of non-‐significant fragments of contents, available in periodical publica,ons or in periodically updated websites and which
have an informa,ve purpose, of crea,on of public opinion or of entertainment, will not require any authoriza0on…”
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LEGISLATIVE MODELS: SPAIN
• But ancillary right to publishers: “…without prejudice of the right of the publisher or, as applicable, of other rights owners to receive an equitable compensa0on. This right will be unwaiveable and will be effec,ve through the collec,ve management organiza,ons of intellectual property rights”.
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LEGISLATIVE MODELS: SPAIN
• Exclusive right for images and photographs: “In any case, the making available to the public of any image, photographic work or ordinary photograph on periodical publica,ons or on periodically updated websites will be subject to authoriza,on.”
• ExcepQon for search engines: no remuneraQon obligaQon
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LEGISLATIVE MODELS: SPAIN
• Broad and complex language that can affect other online acQviQes (CCs, data repositories…) • Some defecQve wording: making available non-‐ significant fragments of contents • The AnQtrust Commission (CNMC) report • Payment obligaQon: undefined • Unwaivable right of compensaQon • Google News suspended its service in Spain in December 2014
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h]ps://support.google.com/news/answer/6140047?hl=es
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Thank you for your a]enQon
sergio.miralles@intangibles-‐law.com