Download - 34929515 Export Indian Grapes Ruksana (2)
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INTRODUCTION
Today India is the second largest producer of the fruits (45.5 Million tons)
and Vegetables (90.8 Million tons ) in the orld !contributing "0.#$%and
"4.45%of the total orld production of fruits and &egetables respecti&ely .India has'ade a fairly good progress on horticulture Map of orld ith total annual
production of The horticulture crops touching o&er "49 'illion tons India has been
bestoed ith ide range of cli'ate and physiogeographical conditions and as
such is 'ost suitable for groing &arious inds of horticultural crops such as fruits!
&egetables! floers ! nuts ! spices and plantation crops.
*ith the focused attention gi&en to horticulture! there has been spectacular
change in ter's of adoption of ne technologies! production and a&ailability of
horticulture products. +ruits and &egetables constitute around "0 per cent of the
total agriculture production of the country. This sector offers enor'ous potential
for e,port.
-ccording to +-! the e,port of fruits fro' India in #00$04 / 1"22
'illion and that of &egetables / 1 #05 'illion .India3s e,port of fruits and
&egetables is 'ore concentrated toards -sian region. -sian region accounted for
5% of total fruits and &egetable e,port #00$04.The e,port to uropean and
-'erican 'aret is &ery less due to i'position of stringent 6uality 'easures. 7utin the last $4 year the e,port of fruits and &egetable urope has been increasing
ith the adoption of ood -griculture practices ( - ) by Indian far'er. -lso the
--:- is taing acti&e role in establishing 'any 6uality testing laboratories and
ade6uate docu'entation protocol across the country to boost the e,port of
perishables.
Maharashtra is the one of the largest state In the production of fruits and
&egetable contributing nineteen percent of the total fruit production in the country.
The state produces around nine 'illion tones of fruits ha&ing producti&ity of "2MT per hectare of ! hich is fairly good hen co'pared to country3s a&erage f
"# MT. it gros co''odities lie grapes! po'egranate! 'ango! sapota ! oranges
!li'e! straberry! ;acfruits etc in large 6uantity .The state holds prestigious
position in &egetable production contributing 5% of the production and stands in
the country. Total production of &egetables in Maharashtra is appro,i'ately 5
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'illion tones. 7ecause of close pro,i'ity to Mu'bai port and 'etropolitan 'aret
.the state en;oys the co'parati&e ad&antage in e,port as ell as long distance
In certain co''odities the state has occupied uni6ue and prestigious
position ! e.g. 'ango !po'egranate! grapes ! onion.
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ADANI GROUP PROFILE
= -dani roup! founded in "988! is one of the fastest groing businesshouses in India.
= The -dani roup has its roots in its flagship co'pany! -dani nterprises>td. (for'erly non as -dani ,ports >td.)! hich has been established byMr. auta' -dani in "988 as a partnership fir' ith an initial capital of?s. 5 lacs.
= Through his entrepreneurial &ision! global aspirations! hard or! 6ualitystandards and custo'er centric approach! Mr. auta' -dani hastransfor'ed the roup in one of its inds hich has crossed the totalre&enue of I@? "80 billion on March $"! #00.
= ther co'pany of adani group" -dani -grifresh >td# adani il'ar ltd$ adani logistics ltd4 adani enterprise ltd
ADANI AGRI FRESH LTD. rolonging the shel&e life of fruits and &egetables and there by creating a
business plan.
ro;ect concei&ed by Aune #005 and co'pleted in "4 'onths! $ B- stores
ithin a year including procure'ent of land.
FOCUS -= trong bacard integration for product a&ailability.
= :e&eloping procedures and syste's in both infrastructure and 'anpoer to'eet the orld standards.
= To tap potential of Indian 'aret.
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VISION -= To pro&ide safe! hygienic! and fresh 6uality fruits.
= In&est'ent in technology and infrastructure to build and integrated supplychain of fruits and &egetables.
= 7uild strong netor ith far'ers! right fro' their groing by assistingthe' in technology.
= To bring transparent product handling syste' that ill benefit far'ers.
ACHIEVEMENT-= tarted in #002 by in&esting ?s. #00 crores to set up controlled at'ospheric
pac houses in hi'la district at three different placed ViC. ?a'pur! ain; and?ohru.
= +irst ti'e in India introduced Bontrolled -t'ospheric storage facility.
= +irst ti'e in India introduced ptical ortingrading facility for fruits.
= rocured "8000 MT apples fro' hi'la and Dinnor district of
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Grapes
Maharashtra is a leading state in production of rapes in hole country. In regards
to agriculture land under grapes culti&ation G grapes production! @asi G anglidistricts are at forefront in the state. -part fro' these !grapes are also gron in the
districts of -h'ednagar! une ! atara ! olapur and s'anabad. @o a days
grapes re produced in >atur district of Marathada.
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-rea under grapes in Maharashtra is $5#$2 ha! out of hich @asi and angli
districts contribute #4"4 ha and 8#55 ha respecti&ely. Maharashtra produces
around 988## MT of grapes annually! in hich @asi and angli districtscontribution is 500402 MT and #$"2$5 MT. Total e,port of rapes fro' fro'
India is #29$.8$ MT &aluing "05.89 crores out of hich nearly 80 % is e,ported
fro' Maharashtra. The Varieties gron in Maharashtra are Tho'pson seedless
!Taseanesh ! sharad seedless! +la'e seedless and onaa.
MARKET SCENARIO
@asi district is the largest producer and e,port of rapes in Maharashtra. The
'ain groing are :indori ! @asi !@iphad! i'palgaon H7as&ant and Bhandad.
,port of grapes fro' nasi stands at 2"$.2$ MT during #00$04. /sually &ery
little 6uantity of e,port 6uality grapes co'es to -MBs. ,port grapes are /sually
rocured at the fare gate . Traders and e,ports go directly to far's #0#5 days
before har&est and they fi, a procure'ent price based on the grade.
Sangli
It is second largest grapes groing and e,porting district in Maharastra.,port
6uality grapes on3t co'e to here. o e,porters and traders go directly to far'er3s
orchard. The i'portant groing regions are Malegaon! Mira;! @i'ni! a&la; and
Tasgaon. @early #50$00 containers of grapes ill be e,ported this year fro'
angli district alone. :uring last year (#0008) the far' gate procure'ent price of
e,port 6uality grapes fluctuated ith the ti'e lie this.
+ebruary end3s $540 g
March"5$0J ?s 50 g
March $0 onards ?s 2025g
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S!lap"r Mar#e$
olapur is also &ery big 'aret for grapes .rapes arri&al is fro' olapur! angli!
and 7ara'ati and fro' regions of Dolhapur surrounding angli. :istribution is
'ainly to 7ihar!7engal!risa! and outhern Indian states. There are 'any 7ihar
and 7engal traders operating in this 'aret. In this 'aret grape price depends on
&ariety of grape. The prices of so'e i'portant &arieties are gi&en belo. @early
80% of the production is Tho'pson seedless and "0"5% is harad and fla'e
seedless. ?est is fro' other &arieties.
Varie$% Pri&e Rs'#g onaa #5$0
Taseanesh "0"5
harad seedless #5$5
O()ECTIVES OF RESEARCH
O*+e&$i,es
To study the 6uality assurance of grapes at the ti'e of procure'ent at the pac
house
S"* !*+e&$i,es
". To find the a&erage siCe of 7erries during the season
#. To find the a&erage bri, of the berries e,ported this season
$. To find the a&erage bunch eight of the different &arieties of grapes.
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O*+e&$i,es
To find the a&erage price paid to the far'er.
ub ob;ecti&eJ
. To find out the price to the far'er ith respect to the 6uality of grapes and the
ti'e of procure'ent.
. To study hether the price is deter'inant of de'and of the grapes or the 6uality
of the grapes.
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E/PORT OF GRAPES
E/PORT OF GRAPES
Ma;or e,port is to Middle ast! /D!
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E/PORT SPECIFICATION 0HOLLAND1
In2ian 34i$e T4!5s!n see2less GRAPES - SPECIFICATIONS
Heal$4% in$a&$ Fres4 64i$e See2less Grapes
- Variety Tho'pson
7eneral for the hole
lot/nifor' in ter's of class! origin!siCe!colour and
degree in ripeness.
Sr.
n!.C4ara&$eris$i& Des&rip$i!n
" Te'perature
recooling! storage and transport about 0 "
degree Belsius
#7erry Bolour! to
separationspa6ue 'ily pale green colour or a'ber. @ot
dar green or glassy.
.
$7erries eneral
-ppearance ith0 %tolerance.
7erries 'ust be fully de&eloped! ripe! turgid ( fir')L notbladdery! ilted! o&er 'atureL no shri&elled!defor'ed or poorly pollinated berries. Bolour should
be e&en through the bunch and across the bo,. @orinling of sin or sunen area around pedicle!
atercore. @o abnor'al e,terior 'oisture.
+ree fro' decaydeco'position of fungus
de&elop'ent.
+ree fro' decayinternal insect infestation or
internal da'age.
47errieseneral
-ppearance ith $%tolerance
+ree fro' slip sin! boytritis! in;uries! shri&elling itting! cold da'age! unspecified internal 6ualitydefects! sin da'age! ind rub 'ars! unspecifiedappearance defects.
57errieseneral
-ppearance ith 5 %tolerance
+ree fro' split berries! 'ould on ste's! sulphurburn! &isible residues! loose berries.
27errieseneral
-ppearance ith 8 %tolerance
+ree fro' sunburn.
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7errieseneral
-ppearance ith "0 %tolerance
+ree fro' dry ste's and dirt.
T!leran&es in 7 re8ers $! $4e a5!"n$ !8 e9a5ine2 8r"i$ 0 n!$ &l"s$er 1 !"$ !8 a
represen$a$i,e :"an$i$% $a#en !n an ran2!5 *asis !"$ !8 $4e en$ire 2eli,er%All ;"ali$% 2e8e&$s in $4e a*!,e 5en$i!ne2< 5a% n!$ e9&ee2 = 7 pr!,i2e2 $4a$ $4e
in2i,i2"al 2e,ia$i!ns are 3i$4in $4eir s$ip"la$e2 li5i$s
8 in 7le'ish
&enly coloured sin should be free fro' pestda'age or physical da'age. @o bruising! hail'ars! splits! cracs! open cuts or rots! sunburn!sulphur bleaching
9 Vine Bonditionte's and pedicles fresh and green! not dry and
bron.
"0 hape:i'ensions
7unch shape typical of &arietyL not straggly or
o&er tightL round or slightly o&al! not e,cessi&elyelongated.
Organ!lep$i&
"" +la&our eet and refreshing fla&our balanced by a hint of
acidity.
"# Te,tureBonsistency Auicy! ith tender sin and crisp! crunchy flesh.
"$ -ro'a @one! free fro' any foreign odour
P4%si&al
"4 ugar Bontent 'ini'u' "2 degree 7ri,. Ma, #0 7ri,"5 ugar-cid ?atio "8J" 'ini'u'! Target #0 J "
"27erry iCe! printed on
the >abel
Mini'u' "5 ''! as ?egular! >arge "2 "8 ''!,tra >arge "8#0 ''. >.#0 '' and up. Targeta&erage"2 "8 ''.
" :ropped 7erriesMini'al dropped berries (shatter) in pacagingJ
tolerance up to 4% by eight! Target Cero.
"8 ouch eight
9 ouches of 'in 5"0 g's. ( by pacing ) per 4.5g carton. reference of " bunch
per bag! ith a tolerance for # bunches ofe&en eight in " bag! @o single bunch to eigh lessthan #00g's.
"9 unnet eight "0 punnets of 'in 5#0 g's ( by pacing) per 5 gcarton. Ma, three bunches per
punnet ith a 'ini'u' eight alloed to about50g's for third bunch for ad;ust'ent of eight
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purposes.
#0 Insects! piders@o insects! spiders or 'ites to be present in the
product or pacaging.
#" A22i$i!nalIn8!r5a$i!n
All pr!2"&e s"pplie2 $! $4is spe&i8i&a$i!n 5"s$4a,e *een gr!3n in
&!5plian&e 3i$4 $4e Ape2a NRC 2!&"5en$ an2
rele,an$ Gl!*alGap
pr!$!&!l.
## esticide residues -s per uropean M?>Ns li'its of "9#008.
The -:- authorised >aboratory are I
".0#5 certified pesticide
residue field tests report codes are traceable &ia
the pacing list.
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E/PORT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFERENT COUNTR>
Varie$% Mi22le Eas$ H!llan2 'Ger5an% U.K
T
7erry iCeJ "5'' Bolour hitea'ber. T ""8 bri,
7erry iCeJ"2'' Bolourhite a'ber.T O"8 bri,
7erry iCe J "8'' BolourMily hitea'ber. T O"8
bri,. @o&ariation in siCe
7erry iCe J "5'' Bolour
7lac
7erry iCe J "2'' Bolour
7lac
7erry iCe J "8'' Bolour
+>-M:>
7erry iCe J "2'' Bolour in
7erry iCe J "8'' Bolour in
acing 4.5 g 9 gpouch pacingand 5 g punnet
pacing
4.5 g 9 gpouch pacingand 5 g punnet
pacing
torage Te'p . 0" B 0" B 0" B
:ays re6uired toreach :estination+ro' A@T
8 :ays #" days #" days
If necessary sa'ple should be forarded to the i'porter and it should berepresentati&e.
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MA)OR ;UALIT> PARAMETERS
FOR E/PORT OF THE (ERRIES AT
POST HARVESTING
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T4ree 5a+!r :"ali$% para5e$ers 8!r e9p!r$ !8 $4e *erries a$
p!s$ 4ar,es$ing are-
. Si?e !8 $4e grapes
. (ris in $4e pr!2"&e
@. C!n$a5ina$i!n 2"e $! pes$s.
Tho'pson seedless contributed nearly 90%of the total e,ported the uropean
/nion and /D hile hared eedless as the 'a;or &ariety that as e,ported
to Middle ast.
Ll. ;"ali$% !8 T4!5ps!n ,arie$% !8 see2 3i$4 respe&$ $! $4e peri!2 !8 $4e
pr!&"re5en$ is s4!3n in $4e grap4s *el!3.
;"ali$% !8 grapes a$ $4e $i5e !8 re&ep$i!n.0 T4!5ps!n See2less 1
6ee# Pri&e pai2
$! 8ar5er
A,erage
3eig4$ !8
!ne *"n&4
A,erage
Si?e
A,erage
(ri9
Disease2
grapes 0 :$
in Kg 1
4 $8.54 #90.45 "2.5 ".98 >ess than " %5 $9.#8 #0.45 "2.58 "8." >ess than " %
2 $9."# #82.42 "5.4$ "8.4 >ess than " %
$8.9 #5 "5.$8 ".9$ >ess than " %
8 4".40 #94.4 "5.2 "8."4 >ess than " %
9 $9.#0 #98.9 "5.9 "8 >ess than " %
"0 $9.2 $"".5 "5.2 "8.# >ess than " %
"" $8.4 $"8 "5.$ "8 >ess than " %
"# 4".8$ $#5." "5.8 ".8 >ess than " %
"$ 4#.$4 $#$.4 " "8 >ess than " %"4 4".90 #88.2 " ".2 >ess than " %
T!$al B.B= . .B .B Less $4an
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6EIGHT OF GRAPES
+ro' the table it can be established that Tho'pson &arieties of grapes are
generally a&ailable after the Aanuary end of fro' the period of the +ebruary. In the
start of the season the a&erage bunch eight is less as the grapes do not get 'uchsiCe and are har&ested. ach berry of his &ariety eight around 42 g's and each
bunch has nearly 080 berries.
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AVERAGE (RI/ OF THE GRAPES
+ro' the table #.$ it can be clearly seen that there is not 'uch &ariation in the bri,
of the fruit during the hole season. 7ri, of the fruit also depend on the irrigation
of the field .if there is rain or the ;ust irrigated then the a&erage bri, in the grapes
ill increase and 'ae it unsuitable for the grape e,port. More bri, 'eans 'ore
sugar content in the grapes hich increase its chance conta'ination during
transportation of grapes
.
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PRICE PAID TO THE FARMER DURING THE SEASON.
bser&ationJ +ro' the table #.4 it can be seen that the far'er are getting the loer
price at the start of the season and price go high as the season co'es to end. The
price of the grapes depends 'ostly on the siCe of the grapes the de'and and supply
of grapes in the 'aret.
InferenceJ it can be inferred fro' the table #.4 that the siCe of produce is gi&ingbetter returns to the far'er at the end of season. It can also be inferred that in the
late season due to the constant de'and and decreased supply fro' the do'estic
'aret the price of grapes are going on the higher side.
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Thus it can be seen that the 6uality nor's are &ery stringht for the e,port to the
countries of uropean /nion and /D. The processing cost for the e,ports to these
countries is &ery high and the ris of re;ection is also &ery high so it is &ery risy
business to e,ports to these countries. It is &ery high best on the part of field fresh
that there procure'ent procedure is &ery good that the diseased 'aterial reaching
the pac house is alays less than "% hich sy'boliCes good procure'ent
practices and good logistics operation at +ield +resh +oods.
?eco''endationsJ
Bo'pany can also plan to supply the fruits to the local 'arets are also fetching
good prices in the 'etropolitan cities .-lso the transportation cost and 6uality
re6uire'ents are less so the 'argins on the grapes ill also increase and co'pany
ill also 'ars its local presence.
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Indian Council of Agricultural Research Division of PostHarvest Technology Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
India facts
argest !roducer of fruits in the
world "ruit !roduction #$ %illion tonnes&'( of world !roduction#( of world citrus !roduction#$( of world %ango !roduction&( of e)!ort earnings fro%agricultural !roducts
Issues and *olutions of "resh "ruits +)!ort in India
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India The -arch Ahead
fruit !roduction, yields and e)!orts grew faster than theaverage for the world. !roduction /011( co%!ared to 202(3. yields 20( co%!ared to '04/(3 and. e)!orts 502&( co%!ared to nearly 2(0 however, India6s share in the glo7al e)!orts of fruitsre%ains low0
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Co%!arison of %a8or fruits6Production in India and 9orld
+ruit roduction (Million tonnes)
India *orld
7anana "$.$04 24
rapes ".#50 28
Mango "#.$$ #5
apaya #."50 5
ineapple "."# "
thers "4.594# #2
Total 45.#0$ 442
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Constraints for +)!orts ac: of !ost;harvest infrastructure
High cost of o7taining certification fore)!orts
*u!!ly Chain Issues
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-ar:et Access Issues
Non;Tariff >arriers I%!ort Policy >arriers *tandards,Testing,a7elling and Certification re=uire%ents Anti;du%!ing ? Countervailing -easures +)!ort *u7sidies and Do%estic *u!!ort @overn%ent !rocure%ent
*hort !roduct life cycle
ac: of 7rand i%age
Technological Constraints
-a8ority of holdings are s%all and unirrigated
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Pro!osed *olutions
Targeted Products
. India6s !roduction advantage Bin aggregate ter%s or for s!ecificvarieties
. Production should shift to de%and driven rather than su!!ly driven
. Current and li:ely trade volu%es in the category, 7ased on underlyingde%and trends
. Potential for differentiation
. Co%!arative cost advantage
I%!rove%ent of %ar:et access
-ar:et Intelligence
-a8or i%!orting %ar:ets
India6s co%!etitiveness vis;;vis :ey co%!etitors
+)isting tariff structure and non;tariff 7arriers, and li:ely changes in theconte)t of 9TE re=uire%ents
Current status of =uality standards and food regulations in target%ar:ets for i%!orts of defined !roducts0
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I%!rove%ent of %ar:et access
Har%oniFation with international standards!ractices,certification and testing
*u7stitute !ost arrival testing with !re; shi!%ent ins!ection
+ncourage i%!orting countries to set u!offices in India for certificationof e)!ortconsign%ents
+ncourage food testing la7oratories to o7tain accreditation fro%international agencies0
Introduce certification Foning syste%s
Pro%ote certification of organic far%ing for different cro!s
*u!!ly chain align%ent with international re=uire%ents
. +na7le direct far%er;i%!orter lin:ages
. *et;u! inde!endent world class food testing and ins!ectioninfrastructure
. Devise an alternate syste% of !rocessing grade !roductss!ecifications 7ased on internationally acce!ted nor%s
. *u!!ort !rivate *ector initiatives for s!ecialiFed trans!ort investing ininfrastructure
. +ncourage invest%ent in infrastructure to i%!rove !roduct =uality
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Integration of Government Schemes
Reco%%endations
Integrate all sche%es offered for e)!ort !ro%otion throughvarious -inistries and allied agencies
*trengthen food !rocessing infrastructure in identified Agri+)!ort Gones
+ncourage food testing la7oratories to get accreditation fro%
international agencies
*et;u! inde!endent world class food testing and ins!ectioninfrastructure, !articularly in clusters with significant !resenceof e)!orters
Devise an alternate syste% of !rocessing grade !roductss!ecifications 7ased on internationally acce!ted nor%s
Pro%ote aggregation of e)!orts to %eet the %ini%u% orderre=uire%ent of i%!orters
Develo! a strong %ar:et intelligence syste% to aid e)!orters
Introduce certification Foning syste%s
Pro%ote certification of organic far%ing for different cro!s
>uild glo7al 7rands on the 7ac: of India6s strengths
*u!!ort a res!onsive research and develo!%ent infrastructure To !rovide technological u! gradation
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CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES E/PORT
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CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES E/PORT
The &ariety of grapes that is e,ported fro' the @asi region 'ostly this ti'e
is harad eedless and Tho'pson eedless .ut of the to &arieties harad is the
blac &ariety and Tho'pson eedless is green &ariety of table grapes .harad taes"00""0 days to har&est after the floering stage so the yield starts fro' the 'onth
of late :ece'ber. It is 'ostly e,ported to M as the 6uality assurance para'eters
are less binding on the Middle ast than to the uropean /nion.
.. Resi2"e Anal%sis
a'pling of grapes for residue analysis is usually done "0#0 days before
har&est .5 g sa'ple is taen rando'ly fro' each far'! in hich $ g is crushed
for testing i''ediately and # g sa'ple is ept in cold storage foe 45 days till the
consign'ent reach destination ithout any hindrance. There are eight authoriCed
institutions throughout India that can conduct residue analysis test .The list of these
authoriCed residue testing institutions are gi&en in the anne,ure. +or this test! they
charge ?s.$00 sa'ple for one pesticide and ?s 500 sa'ple for all 8 che'icals.
-:- ill gi&e 50% subsidy foe reside analysis. This year @ational
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. 6eig4ing an2 Paing
rapes are usually paced in three types of Bardboard bo,es for e,port ach
bo, ill ha&e to be paced ith grape guard! tear off liner and bubble sheetsfor urope. +or Middle ast! each bo, has to be paced ith paper cuttings!
along ith grape guard tape to hold to bo,es.
a1 = #g P"nne$ paing In this 500 g' transparent punnets are used.
Totally 9"0 punnets are needed in each 5 g Bard board bo,. The
punnets are i'ported fro' outh -frica. -nd Itly +ro' last one year /D
and uropean i'ports are de'anding grapes in punnet pacing only.
*1 .= #g P!"&4 paing 9 plastic pouches of appro,i'ately 500 g' are
ept inside 4.5 g card board bo,es. The de'and for this type of
pacaging has decreased considerably ith arri&al of punnets.The cost of
pouch ill be around 50 paise each.
&1 9 g ouch pacing J ""8 plastic Cip pouches of appo,i'aely 500 g'
are ept inside 9 g card bo,es. The de'and for this type of pacaging
has decreased considerably ith arri&al of punnets.
C!s$ !8 paing 8!r UK an2 EU
C!s$ &en$re !8
paing
= #g (!9 B 8$ &!n$ainer
0.= MT1
Bost bo, P?s.5.5 g
#.5 80000
unnet P?s 5punnet 50 #2"00
rape guardP".22g
8.$ #400
7ubble sheet P"2paiseg
0.8 #$#0
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Tear off >iner P$9 g
".95 5255
Total 88.5 "$8"45
.= Pre &!!ling an2 C!l2 S$!rageJ re Hcooling is done at 09 B for 2
8hours./sually cold stored for 58 days depending on e,port suitability. +or
storing the produce for 28 days ! ?s 5 g is charged.
.Palle$i?a$i!nJ *ooden pellets are used to eep card bo,es ith in the
containers. rapes are e,ported in 40 ft container. ach container can hold #0
pallets and carries "4.5 MT of grapes.
acage ne pellet #0 pellats container 9 g Bard board bo, 80 bo,es "200 bo,es
5 g Bard board bo, "#0 bo,es #400 bo,es
4.5 g Bard board bo, $#00 bo,es $#00 bo,es
. (e8!re palle$i?a$i!n