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Wireless Communication An Overview
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Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires.
The term is commonly used in telecommunications to refer to systems which communicate using:
1) Radio frequency (RF)
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared light
4) Laser light
5) Visible light
6) Acoustic energy
Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.
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Radio Communication Technologies:
1) FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
2) TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
3) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication
Mobile Phones also work on these Radio Communication Technologies.
Disclaimer: Though you will see Wireless Communication mentioned over this and the next few slides, we will limit ourselves only
to Mobile Phone technologies and services.
What is Radio Communication?
It is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of
visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass
through the air and the vacuum of space.
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Evolution of Mobile Communication Technologies
Just as radio communication saw an evolution from FDMA to CDMA, Mobile Communications also
evolved
First Generation (1G) : Analog Cellular
Second Generation (2G): 2G GSM & cdmaone, 2.5G GPRS, 2.75G EDGE
Third Generation (3G) : CDMA2000, WCDMA
Fourth Generation (4G) : 3GPP LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project - Long Term
Evolution)
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Parts of a Mobile
Display
Antenna
Battery Keypad
Charging block
Phone flex cable
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The mobile phone (also called a wireless phone or cellular
phone) is a short-range, portable electronic device used for
mobile voice or data communication over a network of
specialized base stations known as cell sites.
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Base TransceiverStation
Base StationController
Mobile SwitchingCenter
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BSCMSC
HLR
VLR
PSTN
BTS
Wireless network connectivityWireless network connectivity
BTS: Base Transceiver Station the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the radio link
protocols with the mobile station
BSC: Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTS. It handles radio
channel setup.
MSC: Mobile Service Switching Center acts like a normal switching node of the PSTN, and additionallyprovides all the functionality needed to handle a mobile subscriber, such as registration, authentication,
location updating and call routing to a roaming subscriber
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Base Transceiver StationBase Transceiver Station
BaseStationContro
ller
BaseStationContro
ller
Mo
bileSwitchingCenter
Mo
bileSwitchingCenter
MainSwitch
MainSwitch--POI
POI
PSTN
Excha
nge
PSTN
Excha
nge
Call Scenario - Mobile To Fixed
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Base Transceiver StationBase Transceiver Station
B
aseStationCon
troller
B
aseStationCon
troller
MobileSwitchingC
enter
M
obileSwitchingC
enter
BaseStationController
BaseStationController
Base Transceiver StationBase Transceiver Station
Call Scenario - Mobile To Mobile
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Mobile Phone Communication Technology - Standards
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones
connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. The SIM contains all the subscriber-related
information stored on the user's side of the radio interface. This works on TDMA technology, and GSM
belongs to 2G technology.General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phones. It provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps.
GPRS is referred to as 2.5G.
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) is a digital mobile phone
technology that allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. EDGE isgenerally classified as 2.75G, although it is part of ITU's 3G definition. EDGE can carry data speeds up to
473.6 kbps.
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CDMAONE - GSM used TDMA technology, which limited the no. of communication channels at a given point of
time. However, cdmaone worked on the CDMA technology, which allowed sharing of all frequencies by codingeach channel of communication. cdmaone belonged to the 2G era. An advancement in this saw the
development of CDMA2000, which is a CDMA technology, working in the 3G arena.
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Its a new non-voice value added service that allows information to be sent and received across amobile telephone network.
Supplements Circuit Switched Data and Short Message Service
Features:
Speed
Immediacy
New Applications, Better Applications
To use GPRS users specifically need: a mobile phone that supports GPRS
a subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports GPRS
knowledge of how to send and/ or receive GPRS information
a destination to send or receive information through GPRS.
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GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
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GPRS
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EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EDGE is a 3G Technology offering a common migration path and convergence of GSM and TDMAoperators.
EDGE supports IP packet data at peak rates
EDGE is three times faster than GPRS.
EDGE is easy to install (Compatible with existing equipment)
EDGE is a GSM technology.
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WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access is the worlds leading 3G technology, with datarates up to 100 times those of todays networks.
It helps in providing mobile users with data rates up to 2 mbps.
WCDMA is an Ultra high speed, Ultra high-capacity radio technology that generates and carries anew range of rich, fast, colorful media.
WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
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WCDMA
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Abbreviations Explanation
AUC Authentication Centre
BSC Base Station Controller
BSS Base Station Subsystem
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
EIR Equipment Identity Register
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationHLR Home Location Register
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VLR Visitor Location Register
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WML Wireless Markup Language
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Roaming An Important Feature
It is extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the
service was registered
It is the ability for cellular customers to make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, access
other services when traveling outside of the home network.
Types of Roaming
SIM based roaming
Username/password based roaming
Mobile Signature Roaming
Trombone roaming
Roaming Process
New "visited" network sees the device
Visited network gathers service information from home network with reference to IMSI
The visited network begins to maintain a temporary subscriber record
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Scope of Roaming:
Regional
National
International
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Mobile Value Added Services
SMS Based Services
Subscription Alert Services
MMS Multimedia Messaging Services
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Mobile Value Added Services
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WirelessWireless CommunicationCommunication
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Subscription Alert Services
The Service provides a customer the ability to subscribe for Alerts, which
will be pushed to him or her on a regular basis as an SMS. Service
provider brings you a daily dose of New Information. Each service @ Rs
30 p.m.
Mobile Value Added Services
WirelessWireless CommunicationCommunication
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MMS Multimedia Messaging Services
This is an advanced version of SMS but works on GPRS technology
Enables the user to send pictures, text and voice at one go through their MMS
handsets.
Colour pictures can be sent.
Photographs can be clicked and sent.
Voice/Sound clips can be attached to the messages.
Messages can be sent to either another phone or an e-mail ID.
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Mobile Value Added Services
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Pre-requisites for MMS
MMS enabled handset.
Activate the facility in the system
Settings for MMS. Settings can be done through automatic mode & manual
mode.
For automatic settings Type MMS and SMS to 2567
Charges : Rs.5/ outgoing message & no rental.
Both prepaid & postpaid customers can use this facility. Can be used while
roaming with network.
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Q ti ?
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Questions?