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India-a Diverse Nation

India is a picture of diversity seen in her people,

cultures, colorful festivals, dresses and costumes,

religions, flora and fauna and varying landscapes.


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India is roughly one third the size of

USA.

It has 29 states and 6 union

territories.

There are 18 official languages, 114

languages, 216 mother tongues and 900

dialects in India.

India-a Diverse Nation


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Religions of India

Four major religions of the world have

originated from India: Hinduism,Jainism,Sikhism and Buddhism.

Hindu Temple Jain Temple

Sikh Gurudwara Buddhist Pagoda


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India-the Largest Democracy

India is the largest democracy in the world,

seventh largest country and the second mostpopulous.


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India-an Ancient Civilization

India is one of the oldest continuous civilizations.The story of civilization begins in India with the

Harrapan civilization which was nurtured by the

Sarasvati and Sindhu rivers in Northwestern India in

3000 B.C.


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Dances of India

The cultural richness of India is

reflected in her numerous classical and

folk dances.


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Bharatnatyamis one of the seven major

classical dance forms, which originated

in India. It originated in the state of

Tamil Nadu.

Bharatnatyam


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Kathakali

Kathakali is one of

the oldest theatre

forms in the world.It originated in

the area of

southwestern India

now known as the

state of Kerala.


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Mohiniyattam

This classical

style was born

out of a

clever fusion

of Kathakali

with

Bharatnatyam.

It shows deepaffinities

with both

these styles.


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Kuchipudi

Kuchipudiwas born

in a remote village

of Andhra Pradesh

from which itderives its name.

The style portrays

various religious

themes in the form

of a dance drama.


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Odissi

Odissimay be the earliest

classical dance style of

India. Natyashastra, the most

ancient and authentic text on

Indian Dance andDramatics,also acknowledges

its existence.

It is nurtured in the famous

shrines of Orissa situated at

Puri, Konark and Bhubaneswar..


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Manipuri

Manipuri dance

originated in Manipur.

The love of Lord

Krishna and Radha is

the dominant theme in

this dance form.


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Kathak

The Kathakdance form

originated in the north

and at first was very

similar to the

Bharatanatyam. Persian

and Muslim influenceslater altered the dance

from a temple ritual to

a courtly entertainment.

The influence of the

Mughal tradition is

evident in this dance

form.


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Folk DancesDandiya -A folk

dance of Gujarat. Itspopularity has spread

all over India.

Bhangra This folk

dance from Punjab is

characterized by

vigorous movements.

Bhangra is a rage in

India.


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Folk Dances

Bihu is thefolk dance of

Assam.

Yakshagana is a

folk dance of

Karnataka. It has

been revived

recently.


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Classical Music

Indian classical music has a rich

tradition. The earliest musicalcompositions are attributed in the

Samvedamore than 4000 years ago. Indian

musical instruments like sitar, tabla

and sarangi are popular throughout the

world today.


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Yoga

Yoga originated in

India more than 5000

years ago. It means

union. The part ofYoga dealing with

physical exercise,

Hathayoga, is widely

practiced throughout

the world today.


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Wildlife

Royal Bengal

Tiger. Its habitat

is the mangrove

forest of the

Sunderbans.

Peacock is the

national bird of

India.


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Wildlife

Kaziranga is the home

of the one-horned

Rhino.

The Red Panda is foundin the hills of

Darjeeling.


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Wildlife

The Indian elephant

is smaller than its

African counterpart.

Elephants were

extensively used in

warfare in ancient

times. They are still

used for various

temple rituals.


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Monuments

The Meenakshi temple of

Madurai was built by thePandiyan king

Kulashekhara in the 14th

century.


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Monuments

Jagannath temple at Puri


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Monuments

The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah

Jahan in the 17th century. It is considered to be

one of the most beautiful constructions in the

world.


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Monuments

The RedFort in Delhi

was built by Shah Jahan

in the 17th century.

The Iron pillar in New

Delhi constructed 1600

years ago byChandragupta Maurya

has been a

metallurgical wonder by

defying rust and the

vagaries of nature.


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Monuments

The Hawa Mahal of Jaipur was

built by Sawai Pratap Singh

in the 18th century.


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Monuments

Karnataka State Assembly

building, Bangalore.

Mysore Place.

Statue of Mahavira, at

Gomteshwara.


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Festivals

Ganesha Chaturthi is the most important

festival of Mumbai. It is celebrated every

year around September.


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Festivals

The Durga Puja is celebrated in

Kolkata every year around October.


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Festivals

Diwali-the festival of lights-is the most

popular festival in India. It is celebrated

throughout the country in the month of

November.


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Festivals

Holithe festival of colors-is celebrated all

over India. The above picture shows Indian

students celebrating Holi at NCSU.


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Scenic Beauty

Kanchenjungha, the

third highest peak inthe world(8598m), in

the Himalayas, is the

highest peak of

India.

The Thar desert

is located inRajasthan.


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Scenic Beauty

The backwaters of

Kerala.

Ladakh is one of thecoldest inhabited

regions of the

world.


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Costumes

A lady in a saree.


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Costumes

A lady in a Ghagra Choli.


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A lady in a Churidar.

Costumes


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Costumes

A Sikh in a turban.


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Marriage

An Indian marriage ceremony.


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Technology

India developed her own

supercomputer in the mid

eighties.

India successfully launchedher Geostationary Satellite

in 2001.

India is the leading nation

in the world in professional

software development.


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India-the Largest Film Industry

India is the largest film producing nation in

the world. Each year India produces

approximately 1000 movies in 14 different

languages.


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Sports

Cricket is the most

popular sport inIndia.

Hockey is the national sport of India.


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Sports

The game of Polo

originated in

Manipur.

Kabaddi is very

popular in thevillages.


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India: Technology Superpower

Over 100 MNCs have set up R&D facilities in India in the past five years.These include GE, Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Eli Lilly, Intel,Monsanto, Texas Instruments, Caterpillar, Cummins, GM, Microsoft and IBM.

Indias telecom infrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore,provides the largest bandwidth capacity in the world, with well over

8.5 Terabits (8.5Tbs) per second.

With more than 250 universities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428higher-education institutes, India produces 200,000 engineeringgraduates and another 300,000 technically trained graduates every year.

Besides, another 2 million other graduates qualify out in India annually.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is among the top threeuniversities from which McKinsey & Company, the world's biggestconsulting firm, hires most.


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Indians abroadAsnapshot ofIndians at the helm of leading Global businesses

The Co-founder ofSun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla),

Creator ofPentium Chip (Vinod Dahm),Founder and creator ofHotmail (Sabeer Bhatia),

Chief Executive ofMcKinsey & Co. (Rajat Gupta)

President and CFO ofPepsi Cola (Indra Nooyi)President ofUnited Airlines (Rono Dutta)

GM ofHewlett Packard (Rajiv Gupta)

President and CEO ofUSAirways (Rakesh Gangwal)Chief Executive ofCitiBank(Victor Menezes),

Chief Executives ofStandard Chartered Bank(Rana Talwar)Chief Executive officer ofVodafone (Arun Sarin)President ofAT & T-Bell Labs (Arun Netravali)

Vice-Chairman and founder ofJuniper Networks (Pradeep Sindhu)Founder ofBose Audio (Amar Bose)

Founder, chip designer Cirrus Logic (Suhas Patil )Chairman and CEO ofComputer Associates (Sanjay Kumar)

Head of (HPC WorldWide) ofUnilever Plc. (Keki Dadiseth)Chief Executive Officer ofHSBC (Aman Mehta)

Director and member of Executive Board ofGoldman Sachs (Girish Reddy)Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (Raghuram Rajan)

Former CTO ofNovell Networks (Kanwal Rekhi)


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Indians in the USA.

Of the 1.5M Indians living in the USA, 1/5th of them live in the Silicon Valley.

35% of Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.

Indian students are the largest in number among foreign students in USA.

Statistics that show:

38% of doctors in the USA,

12% of scientists in the USA,

36% of NASA scientists,

34% of Microsoft employees,

28% of IBM employees,17% of INTEL scientists,

13% of XEROX employees,

are Indians.

1. India 44%2. China 9%3. Britain 5%4. Philippines 3%5. Canada 3%

6. Taiwan 2%7. Japan 2%8. Germany 2%9. Pakistan 2%

10. France 2%

US H1-B Visa

applicants country

of origin


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IIT = Harvard + MIT + PrincetonIIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton , says CBS 60 Minutes.

CBS' highly-regarded 60 Minutes, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its

audience of more than 10 Million viewers that IIT may be the most important universityyou've never heard of."

"The United States imports oil from Saudi Arabia, cars from Japan,TVs from Korea and

Whiskey fromS

cotland. So what do we import from India?W

e import people, really smartpeople," co-host Leslie Stahl began while introducing the segment on IIT.

the smartest, the most successful, most influential Indians who've migrated to the US seem toshare a common credential: They are graduates of the IIT.

in science and technology, IIT undergraduates leave their American counterparts in the dust.

Think about that for a minute: A kid from India using an Ivy League university as a safetyschool. That's how smart these guys are.

There are cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at IIT, they have gottenscholarships at MIT, at Princeton, at Caltech.


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Mahatma Gandhi

(1869-1948):

Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization. Hisresponse was: "I think it would be a good idea.

"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its

animals are treated.

You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of theocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.

The only devils in this world are those running around inside our own hearts, and

that is where all our battles should be fought.

If all Christians acted like Christ, the whole world would be Christian.

Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today she

does not realize what tremendous advantage she has over man.

Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.

An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.


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Sir C.V. Raman, (1888Sir C.V. Raman, (1888 1970)1970)1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics for work on scattering of light and Raman

effect.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 1937)1937)

USAbased IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion amongstacademics that the pioneer ofwireless-radio communicationwas ProfessorJagdish Chandra Bose and not Guglielmo Marconi.

Satyendranath Bose, (1894Satyendranath Bose, (1894--1974)1974)Indian Physicist, who solved one of the mysteries of quantum mechanics,

showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. Hiscollaborations with Albert Einstein led to a new branch on statistical

mechanics know commonly known as the Einstein-Bose statistics.


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Srinivasa Ramanujam,(1887Srinivasa Ramanujam,(1887 1920):1920):Great Indian Mathematician, whose interest from academics at Trinity,

College, Cambridge, led him to collaborate there and postulate and prove

well over 3,542 theorems.

Amartya Sen, (bAmartya Sen, (b--1933):1933):1998 - The Nobel Prize for Economics for his redefining work on ethical

welfare economics. Currently residing as Lamont University Professor Emeritusat Harvard, after stepping down from the prestigious post of Master of Trinity

College, Cambridge.

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar,Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, (1910(1910--1995):1995):1983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. His many contributions to physics, on the

structure and evolution of stars including rotational figures of equilibrium, stellar

interiors, black holes, radiative transfer, hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics.

Har Gobind Khorana, (bHar Gobind Khorana, (b--1922 ):1922 ):1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine for work on interpretation of the

genetic code . Currently residing as professor at MIT.


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India

India never invaded any country in her

last 10,000 years of history.

It is the only society in the worldwhich has never known slavery.

India was the richest country on Earth until thetime of the British in the early 17th Century

Robert Clives personal wealth amassed from the blunder ofBengal during 1750s was estimated at around 401,102

It has been estimated that the total amount of treasure that the British lootedfrom India had already reached 1,000,000,000 (1Billion) by 1901.

Taking into consideration interest rates and inflation this would be worth closeto $1,000,000,000,000 ($1Trillion) in real-terms today.

A B i f Hi t f Ti


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Vedic Civilization

Indus & Saraswati CivilizationsRise of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Period

Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences

Muslim InvasionsThe Mughal Empire

Portuguese Invasion

The British East-India Company

The British EmpireIndia's Freedom Struggle

Independence

Modern India 2020 Vision

A Brief History of Time

India


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India India invented the Number System.

Zero was invented byAryabhatta. Theplace value system, the decimal systemwas developed in India in 100 BC.

Aryabhattawas the first to explainspherical shape, size ,diameter, rotationand correct speed of Earth in 499 AD.

The World's first university wasestablished in Takshila in 700 BC.Students from all over the World

studied more than 60 subjects.

The University of Nalanda built in the4th century was one of the greatestachievements of ancient India in thefield of education.

Sanskrit is considered the mother of allhigher languages. Sanskrit is the mostprecise, and therefore suitable languagefor computer software - a report inForbes magazine, July 1987.

Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicineknown to humans. Charaka, the father ofmedicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500years ago.

Today Ayurveda is fast regaining itsrightful place in civilization.

Christopher Columbus was attractedIndia's wealth and was looking for route toIndia when he discovered the Americancontinent by mistake.

The art of Navigation was born in the riverSindh 6000 years ago. The wordNavigation is derived from the Sanskritword NAVGATIH. The word navy is alsoderived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.

In Siddhanta Siromani (Bhuvanakosam 6)Bhaskaracharya II described aboutgravity of earth about 400 years before SirIsaac Newton. He also had some clearnotions on differential calculus, and theTheory of Continued Fraction.

Languages of India


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Languages of India

Hindi

Sanskrit

Tamil

Gujarati

Urdu

Punjabi

Malayalam

Bengali

Marathi

KonkaniKannada

Assamese

Telegu

Oriya

Rajasthani

The Ancient Vedic Hymns


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The Ancient Vedic HymnsRig Veda- Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 verses

There is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.

Yajur Veda- Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 versesSama Veda- Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 verses

Ayur Veda- Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 verses

Upanishads

Jyotisha Astrology and Astronomy.Kalpa Rituals andLegal matters.

Siksha Phonetics.

Aitareya Creation of the Universe, Man and Evolution.

Chandogya Reincarnation, Soul.

Kaushitaki Karma.

Kena Austerity, Work, and Restraint.

DharnurVeda Science of Archery and War.

Mundaka Discipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance.

Sulba Sutra Knowledge of Mathematics

Yoga Sutra - Knowledge of Meditation

Kama Sutra- Knowledge ofLove and Sex

S k i ( )


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Sanskrit()Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew andLatin.

It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world. It became the language

of all cultured people in India and in the countries that were influenced by India.

Sanskrit literally means refined or perfected

Sanskrit word English meaning Sanskrit meaning

matar

pitar

bhratar

svasar

gyaamti

trikonamiti

dvaar

ma

naman

smi

eka

mother

papa / father

brother

sister

geometry

trigonometry

door

me

name

smile

equal

'measuring the earth

'measuring triangular forms

first person pronoun

the same

India


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India Theory of Continued Fractionwas

discovered by Bhaskaracharya II.

Indians discovered Arithmetic andGeometric progression. Arithmetic

progression is explained in Yajurveda.

Govindaswamin discovered Newton GaussInterpolation formula about 1800 yearsbefore Newton.

Vateswaracharya discovered Newton GaussBackward Interpolation formula about 1000

years before Newton.

Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuilersformula about 400 years before Lhuiler.

Nilakanta discovered Newtons InfiniteGeometric Progression convergent series.

Positive and Negative numbers and theircalculations were explained first byBrahmagupta in his book BrahmasputaSiddhanta.

Aryabhatta also propounded theHeliocentric theory of gravitation, thuspredating Copernicus by almost one thousandyears.

Madhavacharya discovered Taylor seriesof Sine and Cosine function about 250years before Taylor.

Madhavacharya discovered Newton Powerseries.

Madhavacharya discovered GregoryLeibnitz series for the Inverse Tangentabout 280 years before Gregory.

Madhavacharya discovered Leibnitz powerseries for pi about 300 years beforeLeibnitz.

Bhaskaracharya calculated the time takenby the earth to orbit the sun hundreds ofyears before the astronomer Smart. Timetaken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century)

365.258756484 days

Infinitywas well known for ancientIndians. Bhaskaracharya II inBeejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clearexplanation with examples for infinity


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The Surya Siddhanta,

A textbook on astronomy of ancient India,

last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down from 3000 BC by aid of

complex mnemonic recital methods still known today.

Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles,

compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.

Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,

Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

India


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India

The value of "pi" was first calculatedbyBoudhayana, and he explainedthe concept of what is known as thePythagorean Theorem. He discoveredthis in the 6th century long before theEuropean mathematicians. This wasvalidated by British scholars in 1999.

Algebra, trigonometry and calculus

came from India. Quadratic equationswere propounded bySridharacharyain the 11th century.

The largest numbers the Greeks andthe Romans used were 106 whereasHindus used numbers as big as 1053

with specific names as early as 5000BC during the Vedic period. Eventoday, the largest used number isTera: 1012.

Maharshi Sushruta is the father ofsurgery. 2600 years ago he and healthscientists of his time conductedcomplicated surgeries like caesareans,cataract, artificial limbs, fractures,urinary stones and even plasticsurgery.

Usage ofanaesthesiawas well

known in ancient India. Over 125surgical equipments were used.

Detailed knowledge of anatomy,physiology, aetiology, embryology,digestion, metabolism, genetics andimmunity is also found in many texts.

When many cultures were onlynomadic forest dwellers over 5000years ago, Indians establishedHarappan culture in the SindhuValley Civilization.


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Kalarippayat - OriginofMartial arts 200 BC

Kerala, South India, guardians of the origins of modern martial-arts,

influenced by Yoga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war

(dhanur-veda) and medicine (ayur-veda).The origin of kung-fu begins with the legend of a monk named

Bodhidharma (also known as Ta Mo) who travelled from India to Chinaaround 500 A.D.


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The Encyclopaedia Britannica says:

"Man must have an original cradle land whence the peopling of

the earth was brought about by migration.As to mans cradle land, there have been many theories but the

weight of evidence is in favour of Indo-Malaysia.

"If there is a country on earth which can justly claim the honour of having been the

cradle of the Human race or at least the scene of primitive civilization, thesuccessive developments of which carried into all parts of the ancient world and evenbeyond, the blessings of knowledge which is the second life of man, that country is

assuredly India.


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Future


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"In India today,we have a lady born a Catholic (Sonia Gandhi)

stepping aside so a Sikh (Manmohan Singh)

could be sworn in by a Muslim president (Abdul Kalam)to lead a nation that's 82% Hindu.

I defy anyone to cite another country with such diversity andtolerance to its political leadership."

Secular Tolerance


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Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003

"Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050"

India's GDP will reach $ 1 trillion by 2011,

$ 2 trillion by 2020,


$ 6 trillion by 2032,$ 10 trillion by 2038, and


becoming the 3rd largest economy after USA and China.

In terms of GDP, India will overtake Italy by the year 2016,France by 2019, UK by 2022,

Germany by 2023, and Japan by 2032.

Progress during the last 20 years


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Progress during the last 20 years

Poverty (incidence)1980s 1990s 200044% 36% 26%

Education (literacy rate)1980s 1990s 200044% 52% 65%

Health (life expectancy)1980s 1990s 2000

56 60 69

Source: World Bank (2003)

E P i Mi i t


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Ex-Prime Minister,

Sri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

A treaty was signed on 6 January, 2004, establishing a South Asian FreeTrade Area among the seven SAARC countries (India, Pakistan,Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldives) in the region.

India committed to a South Asian Union as the ultimate objective, with

mutual security cooperation, open borders and a single currency inSouthern Asia in the long run.

"The bonds of ethnicity and culture which hold together the peoples of this region aremore enduring than the barriers of political prejudice that have been erected quite

recently..Friends, India is ready to do everything that is necessary, to walk as many extra

miles as may be required, to make this vision a reality.

Dr Abdul Kalam, President of India,


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Dr Abdul Kalam, President of India,father of Indias space, missile and satellite programme and author of

India 2020 Vision.

I have three visions for India.

1. In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and invaded us,captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Turks,the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted

us, took over what was ours.

Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have notgrabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them.

Why?

Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that of FREEDOM.I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of

independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. If we are notfree, no one will respect us.

2.

My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developingnation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top 5 nations of theworld in terms of GDP. We have 10% growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are

falling. Our achievements are being globally recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as

a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured.

3.

I have a THIRD vision. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unlessIndia stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We

must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go

hand-in-hand.

Indias population to be the largest in the world


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India s population to be the largest in the world

India is set to overtake China as the world's most populousnation by 2050.

Indias population is expected to grow from 1.08bn to1.63bn people, overtaking China, which is forecast to

reach 1.44bn from 1.3bn currently.

India, will also have the highest working population in theWorld 700 million people out of 1.1 billion people are

young; the young population will continue till 2050.


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The End

Hindu Students Council (HSC) NCSU and Maitri

I diI di


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IndiaIndia

(I found this informative presentation about India on the internet)(I found this informative presentation about India on the internet)


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Present


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5,000 year old ancient civilization5,000 year old ancient civilization

325 languages spoken325 languages spoken 1,652 dialects1,652 dialects 18 official languages18 official languages

29 states, 5 union territories29 states, 5 union territories

3.28 million sq. kilometers3.28 million sq. kilometers -- AreaArea

7,516 kilometers7,516 kilometers -- CoastlineCoastline

1.3 Billion population.1.3 Billion population.

5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 215600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21

languages with a combined circulation of 142 million.languages with a combined circulation of 142 million.

GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%)GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%)

Parliamentary form of GovernmentParliamentary form of Government

Worlds largest democracy.Worlds largest democracy.

Worlds 4th largest economy.Worlds 4th largest economy.

WorldWorld--class recognition in IT, bioclass recognition in IT, bio--technology and space.technology and space.

Largest English speaking nation in the world.Largest English speaking nation in the world.

33rdrd largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong.largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong.

22ndnd largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.


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India has the largest movieIndia has the largest movieIndia has the largest movie

industry in the world,industry in the world,industry in the world,

producingover 800 movies aproducingover 800 movies aproducingover 800 movies a

year.year.year.


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Bharat Forge has the world's largest single-location forging facility, its clients includeHonda, Toyota and Volvo amongst others.

Hero Honda with 1.7M motorcycles a yearis now the largest motorcycle manufacturerin the world.

India is the 2nd largest tractor manufacturerin the world.

India is the 5th largest commercial vehiclemanufacturer in the world.

Ford has just presented its Gold WorldExcellence Award to India's Cooper Tyres.

Suzuki, which makes Maruti in India hasdecided to make India its manufacturing,export and research hub outside Japan.

Hyundai India is set to become the globalsmall car hub for the Korean giant and willproduce 25k Santros to start with.

By 2010 it is set to supply half a millioncars to Hyundai Korea. HMI and Ford.

The prestigious UK automaker, MG Roveris marketing 100,000 Indica cars made byTata in Europe, under its own name.

Aston Martin contractedprototyping its latest luxurysports car, AM V8 Vantage,to an Indian-based designerand is set to produce thecheapest Aston Martin ever.


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India: Technology Superpower Geneva-based STMicroelectronics is one of

the largest semiconductor companies todevelop integrated circuits and software inIndia.

Texas Instrumentswas the first to openoperations in Bangalore, followed byMotorola, Intel, Cadence Design Systemsand several others.

80 of the Worlds 117 SEI CMM Level-5companies are based in India.

5 Indian companies recently received theglobally acclaimed Deming prize. This prizeis given to an organization for rigorous totalquality management (TQM) practices.

15 of the world's major Automobile makers areobtaining components from Indian companies.

This business fetched India $1.5 Billion in 2003,and will reach $15 Billion by 2007.

New emerging industries areas include, Bio-Informatics, Bio-Technology, Genomics,Clinical Research and Trials.

World-renowned TQM expert Yasutoshi Washiopredicts that Indian manufacturing quality willovertake that of Japan in 2013.

McKinsey believes India'srevenues from the ITindustry will reach $87Billion by 2008.

Flextronics, the $14 billionglobal major in Electronic ManufacturingServices, has announced that it will make India aglobal competence centre for telecom softwaredevelopment.

India: Trade


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India: Trade

Tata Motors paid $ 118 million to buy Daewoocommercial vehicle Company of Korea.

Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceuticalcompany, gets 70% of its $1 billion revenuefrom overseas operations and 40% from USA.

Tata Tea has bought Tetley of UK for 260M.

India is one of the world's largest diamondcutting and polishing centres, its exports were

worth $6 Billion in 1999.

About 9 out of 10 diamond stones soldanywhere in the world, pass through India.

Garment exports are expected to increase fromthe current level of $6 billion to $25 billion by2010.

The country's foreign exchange reservesstand at an all-time high of$120 Billion.

India's trade with China grew by by 104% in

2002 and in the first 5 months of 2003, Indiahas amassed a surplus in trade close to $0.5M.

Mobile phones are growing by about 1.5Milliona month. Long distance rates are down by two-thirds in five years and by 80% for datatransmission.

Wal-Mart sources $1 Billion worth of goodsfrom India - half its apparel. Wal-Martexpects this to increase to $10 Billion in thenext couple of years.

GAP sources about $600 million and Hilfiger$100 million worth of apparel from India.


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India: Self-Reliance India is among six countries that launch

satellites and do so even for Germany,

Belgium, South Korea,Singapore and EU countries.

India's INSAT is amongthe world's largestdomestic satellitecommunication systems.

Indias GeosynchronousSatellite Launch Vehicle(GSLV) was indigenously manufactured withmost of the components like motor cases,inter-stages, heat shield, cryogenic engine,electronic modules all manufactured bypublic and private Indian industry.

Kalpana Chawla was one ofthe seven astronauts in theColumbia space shuttlewhen it disintegrated overTexas skies just 16 minutesbefore its scheduled landingon Feb 1st 2003, she was thesecond Indian in space.

Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes offood-grains to support its people, through a

grand programme of national self-sufficiencywhich started in 1971, today, it now has a foodgrain surplus stock of 60M.

India is among the 3 countries in the Worldthat have built Supercomputers on their own.The other two countries being USA and Japan.

India built its own Supercomputer after theUSA denied India purchasing a Cray computerback in 1987.

Indias new PARAM Padma TerascaleSupercomputer (1 Trillionprocesses per sec.) is alsoamongst only 4 nations inthe world to have thiscapability.

India is providing aid to 11 countries, writing-off their debt and loaning the IMF $300M.

It has also prepaid $3Billion owed to the

World Bank and Asian Development Bank.


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India: Pharmaceuticals The Indian pharmaceutical industry at $6.5 billion and growing at 8-10%

annually, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and isexpected to be worth $12 billion by 2008.

Its exports are over $2 billion. India is among the top five bulk drug makers and athome, the local industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share

of 75% in the market is down to 35%.

Trade of medicinal plants has crossed $900M already.

There are 170 biotechnology companies in India, involved in the developmentand manufacture of genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially.

Sequencing genes and delivering genomic information for bigPharmaceutical companies is the next boom industry in India.

I di F i M l i N i l C i


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India: Foreign Multi-National CompaniesTop 5 American employers in India:

General Electric: : 17,800 employeesHewlett-Packard : 11,000 employeesIBM : 6,000 employeesAmerican Express : 4,000 employeesDell : 3,800 employees

General Electric (GE) with $80 Million invested in India employs 16,000 staff, 1,600 R&D staff who arequalified with PhDs and Masters degrees.

The number of patents filed in USA by the Indian entities of some of the MNCs (upto September,2002) are as follows: Texas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM - 120, Phillips -102, GE - 95.

Staff at the offices of Intel (India) has gone up from 10 to 1,000 in 4 years,and will reach 2000 staff by 2006.

GE's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outfit outsidethe United States. The centre also devotes 20% of its resources on 5 to 10 yearfundamental research in areas such as nanotechnology, hydrogen energy,

photonics, and advanced propulsion.

It is estimated that there are 150,000 IT professionals in Bangalore as against120,000 in Silicon Valley.

India: R&D Labs


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India: R&D LabsR&DCentre Highlights

R&D Centre, Bangalore

Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working on VLSI and embedded

software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip.

India Development Centre, Bangalore,

Hyderabad.

The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracles largest development centre

outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on Oracle's database products, applications, business

intelligence products and application development tools, besides other activities.

India Engineering Centre,

Bangalore

Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 500 people today. Does work mainly on Sun's software

which includes Solaris and Sun One.

R&D Centre,

Bangalore and Mumbai.

Established in 1988 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1,000 today. Drives nearly 60 percent of the companys

global development delivery.

Software Lab,

Bangalore, Pune.

Established in 2001. Works on all IBM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and Rational. The centre

has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and business intelligence.

Labs India, Bangalore.

Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 1500 by the end of 200 4. Thatwill double 3000 staff by middle of 2006. It is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside Walldorf,

Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the Indian lab.

Innovation Campus, Bangalore.

Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 895 people today, and will be further scaled up to 1,000

before the end of 2003.Works on developing software for Philips products. Almost all Philips products that use

software have some contribution from this centre. It is the largest software centre for Philips outside Holland.

Bangalore.

Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist to double its headcount

by the beginning of 2004. Is totally dedicated to high-level research on futuristic technologies, with special focus

on emerging markets.

I di BPO


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India: BPO The domestic BPO sector is projected to increase to $4 billion in 2004 and reach

$65 billion by 2010. (McKinsey & Co.).

The outsourcing includes a wide range of services includingdesign, architecture, management, legal services, accountingand drug development and the Indian BPOs are moving upin the value chain.

There are about 200 call centers in India with a turnover of$2 billion and a workforce of 150,000.

100 of the Fortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China.

Cummins of USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to develop the sophisticatedcomputer models needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically andintroduce 5 or 6 new engine models a year.

Business Week of 8th December 2003 has said "Quietly but with breathtaking speed,India and its millions of world-class engineering, business and medical graduates are becomingenmeshed in America's New Economy in ways most of us barely imagine".


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William H. Gates, Chairman and Chief

Software Architect Microsoft

Corporation

(b-1955):

after the Chinese, Indians are the smartest people in the

world.


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Indians in the USA.

Of the 1.5M Indians living in the USA, 1/5th of them live in the Silicon Valley.

35% of Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.

Indian students are the largest in number among foreign students in USA.

Statistics that show:

38% of doctors in the USA,

12% of scientists in the USA,

36% of NASA scientists,

34% of Microsoft employees,

28% of IBM employees,

17% of INTEL scientists,

13% of XEROX employees,

are Indians.

1. India 44%2. China 9%3. Britain 5%4. Philippines 3%5. Canada 3%

6. Taiwan 2%7. Japan 2%8. Germany 2%9. Pakistan 2%

10. France 2%

US H1-B Visa

applicants country

of origin


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Sounds of India

F hi d Mi W ld


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Fashion and Miss World

Year Position Miss India2002 Semi-finalist Shruti Sharma

2001 Non Semi-finalist Sara Corner2000 Winner Priyanka Chopra1999 Winner Yukta Mookhey 1998 Non Semi-finalist Annie Thomas1997 Winner Daina Hayden

1996 3rd runners up Rani Joan Jeyraj

1995 Non Semi-finalist Preeti Mankotia1994 Winner Aishwariya Rai1993 Non Semi-finalist Karminder Kaur

1992 Non Semi-finalist Celine Shyla1991 Semi-finalist Ritu Singh

1990 Non Semi-finalist Naveeda Mehdi

1966W

inner Reita Faria

Science of Yoga


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Science ofYoga

The science of yoga was born in an age when mankind as a whole was more

enlightened, and could easily grasp truths for which our most advanced thinkers

are still grasping.

The science of yoga meditation had been taught by the ancient, sages,

gurus, yogis, through oral tradition for thousands of years, they werefinally put to Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 b.c.

It is because the groping for these truths has begun again that great yogis have

reintroduced this ancient science to humanity at large.

Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the sages of the Himalayas.

Today, the word yoga is much used and much misunderstood these days,reduced from its knowledge on the control of the conscious to that of

the control of the body.


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Indiansofnote


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Rabindranath Tagore,Poet and writer of Indias national anthem and Nobel

Prize for Literature in 1913,

(1861-1941):

"Oneness amongst men, the advancement of unity in diversity this has been the core religion of India.

Swami Vivekananda,(1863 1902)


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(1863-1902):

I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world bothtolerance and universal acceptance.

We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religionsas true.

I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted andthe refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth.

I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest

remnant of the Israelites, who came to Southern India and took refugewith us in the very year in which their holy temple was shattered to

pieces by Roman tyranny.

I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is stillfostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation.

I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which Iremember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood, which is every dayrepeated by millions of human beings: As the different streams having

their sources in different paths which men take through differenttendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to

Thee.

Mahatma Gandhi


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(1869-1948):

Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization. Hisresponse was: "I think it would be a good idea.

"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its

animals are treated.

You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the

ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.

The only devils in this world are those running around inside our own hearts, and

that is where all our battles should be fought.

If all Christians acted like Christ, the whole world would be Christian.

Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today shedoes not realize what tremendous advantage she has over man.

Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.

An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.


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Sir C.V. Raman, (1888Sir C.V. Raman, (1888 1970)1970)1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics for work on scattering of light and Raman

effect.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 1937)1937)

USA

basedIEEE

has proved what has been a century old suspicion amongstacademics that the pioneer ofwireless-radio communicationwas ProfessorJagdish Chandra Bose and not Guglielmo Marconi.

Satyendranath Bose, (1894Satyendranath Bose, (1894--1974)1974)Indian Physicist, who solved one of the mysteries of quantum mechanics,

showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. Hiscollaborations with Albert Einstein led to a new branch on statistical

mechanics know commonly known as the Einstein-Bose statistics.


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It i th l i t i th ld


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India

India never invaded any country in herlast 10,000 years of history.

It is the only society in the worldwhich has never known slavery.

India was the richest country on Earth until the

time of the British in the early 17th Century

Robert Clives personal wealth amassed from the blunder ofBengal during 1750s was estimated at around 401,102

It has been estimated that the total amount of treasure that the British lootedfrom India had already reached 1,000,000,000 (1Billion) by 1901.

Taking into consideration interest rates and inflation this would be worth closeto $1,000,000,000,000 ($1Trillion) in real-terms today.

A Brief History of Time


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Vedic Civilization

Indus & Saraswati Civilizations

Rise of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Period

Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences

Muslim InvasionsThe Mughal Empire

Portuguese Invasion

The British East-India Company

The British EmpireIndia's Freedom Struggle

Independence

Modern India 2020 Vision

India invented the Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine


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IndiaNumber System. Zerowas invented byAryabhatta. The placevalue system, the decimal

system was developed inIndia in 100 BC.

Aryabhattawas the first to explainspherical shape, size ,diameter, rotationand correct speed of Earth in 499 AD.

The

World's first university wasestablished in Takshila in 700 BC.

Students from all over the Worldstudied more than 60 subjects.

The University of Nalanda built in the4th century was one of the greatestachievements of ancient India in thefield of education.

Sanskrit is considered the mother of allhigher languages. Sanskrit is the mostprecise, and therefore suitable languagefor computer software - a report inForbes magazine, July 1987.

known to humans. Charaka, the father ofmedicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500years ago.

Today Ayurveda is fast regaining itsrightful place in civilization.

Christopher Columbus was attractedIndia's wealth and was looking for route toIndia when he discovered the Americancontinent by mistake.

The art of Navigation was born in the riverSindh 6000 years ago. The wordNavigation is derived from the Sanskritword NAVGATIH. The word navy is alsoderived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.

In Siddhanta Siromani(Bhuvanakosam 6)Bhaskaracharya II describedabout gravity of earth about400 years before Sir IsaacNewton. He also had someclear notions on differentialcalculus, and the Theory

of Continued Fraction.

Languages of India


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Hindi

Sanskrit

Tamil

Gujarati

Urdu

Punjabi

Malayalam

Bengali

Marathi

Konkani

Kannada

Assamese

Telegu

Oriya

Rajasthani


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Vedic Philosophy

TheVedas are the oldest written text on our planet today. They date back to the

beginning of Indian civilization and are the earliest literary records of the human

mind.

They have been passed through oral tradition for over 10,000 years, and

first appeared in written form between 2500 - 5,000 years ago.

Veda means Knowledge in Sanskrit.Veda means Knowledge in Sanskrit.

The Ancient Vedic Hymns


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Rig Veda- Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 versesThere is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.

Yajur Veda- Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 versesSama Veda- Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 verses

Ayur Veda- Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 verses

Upanishads

Jyotisha Astrology and Astronomy.Kalpa Rituals andLegal matters.

Siksha Phonetics.

Aitareya Creation of the Universe, Man and Evolution.

Chandogya Reincarnation, Soul.

Kaushitaki Karma.

Kena Austerity, Work, and Restraint.DharnurVeda Science of Archery and War.

Mundaka Discipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance.

Sulba Sutra Knowledge of Mathematics

Yoga Sutra - Knowledge of Meditation

Kama Sutra- Knowledge ofLove and Sex

Sanskrit()


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Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew andLatin.

It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world. It became the language

of all cultured people in India and in the countries that were influenced by India.

Sanskrit literally means refined or perfected

Sanskrit word English meaning Sanskrit meaning

matarpitar

bhratar

svasar

gyaamti

trikonamiti

dvaar

ma

naman

smi

eka

motherpapa / father

brother

sister

geometry

trigonometry

door

me

name

smile

equal

'measuring the earth

'measuring triangular forms

first person pronoun

the same

Theory of Continued Fractionwas


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Indiadiscovered by Bhaskaracharya II.

Indians discovered Arithmetic andGeometric progression. Arithmetic

progression is explained in Yajurveda.

Govindaswamin discovered Newton GaussInterpolation formula about 1800 yearsbefore Newton.

Vateswaracharya discovered Newton GaussBackward Interpolation formula about 1000years before Newton.

Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuilersformula about 400 years before Lhuiler.

Nilakanta discovered Newtons InfiniteGeometric Progression convergent series.

Positive and Negative numbers and theircalculations were explained first byBrahmagupta in his book BrahmasputaSiddhanta.

Aryabhatta also propounded theHeliocentric theory of gravitation, thuspredating Copernicus by almost one thousandyears.

Madhavacharya discovered Taylor seriesof Sine and Cosine function about 250years before Taylor.

Madhavacharya discoveredNewton Power series.

Madhavacharya discoveredGregory Leibnitz series forthe Inverse Tangent about280 years before Gregory.

Madhavacharya discoveredLeibnitz power series for piabout 300 years beforeLeibnitz.

Bhaskaracharya calculated the time takenby the earth to orbit the sun hundreds ofyears before the astronomer Smart. Timetaken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century)365.258756484 days

Infinitywas well known for ancientIndians. Bhaskaracharya II inBeejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clearexplanation with examples for infinity

Did the Vedic Aryans travel as far as Easter Island?


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The Easter Islands located in the Pacific Ocean,

were situated far away from any civilization.

The craftsmanship of these islands corresponds to

the one of the ancient Incas.

The sign script of the Easter Islands almost equals

the ancient scripts of Indus Valley.

Easter Island

symbols

Indus Saraswati

symbols

Were the Ancient Vedic civilisation of Indus Saraswati valley Trans-Oceanic

seafarers?

Th S Siddh t


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The Surya Siddhanta,

A textbook on astronomy of ancient India,

last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down from 3000 BC by aid of

complex mnemonic recital methods still known today.

Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles,

compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.

Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,

Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

India


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The value of "pi" was first calculatedbyBoudhayana, and he explainedthe concept of what is known as the

Pythagorean Theorem. He discoveredthis in the 6th century long before theEuropean mathematicians. This wasvalidated by British scholars in 1999.

Algebra, trigonometry and calculuscame from India. Quadratic equations

were propounded bySridharacharyain the 11th century.

The largest numbers the Greeks andthe Romans used were 106 whereasHindus used numbers as big as 1053

with specific names as earlyas 5000 BCduring theVedic period.Even today,the largestused numberis Tera: 1012.

Maharshi Sushruta is the father ofsurgery. 2600 years ago he and healthscientists of his time conducted

complicated surgeries like caesareans,cataract, artificial limbs, fractures,urinary stones and even plasticsurgery.

Usage ofanaesthesiawas wellknown in ancient India. Over 125surgical equipments were used.

Detailed knowledge of anatomy,physiology, aetiology, embryology,digestion, metabolism, genetics andimmunity is also found in many texts.

When many cultures were onlynomadic forest dwellers over 5000years ago, Indians establishedHarappan culture in the SindhuValley Civilization.


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India

Brahmagupta, 630 A.D., said, the following about Gravity,

Bodies fall towards the earth as it is in the nature of the earth to attract bodies,

just as it is in the nature of water to flow".


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The world famous and pricelessKohinoor diamond, which is set in

the Crown of theBritish monarch(Queen Victoria, andElizabeth II), wasacquired from India.

According to the Gemological Instituteof America, up until 1896, India was theonly source for diamonds to the world.

Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) wasreportedly invented in India.

The game ofsnakes & ladderswascreated by the 13th century poet saintGyandev. It was originallycalled 'Mokshapat.' The ladders in thegame represented virtues and the snakesindicated vices.

India RigVedas (1.50), a hymn addressed

to the Sun, refers quite clearly thatthe Sun traverses 2,202 yojanas inhalf a nimesha. This is in fact refersto the speed of light.

The World's First Granite Temple isthe Brihadeswara temple at

Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu. Theshikhara is made from a single '80-tonne' piece of granite.

Kalarippayat - OriginofMartial arts 200 BC


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y g f

Kerala, South India, guardians of the origins of modern martial-arts,

influenced by Yoga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war (dhanur-veda)and medicine (ayur-veda).

The origin of kung-fu begins with the legend of a monk named Bodhidharma (alsoknown as Ta Mo) who travelled from India to China around 500 A.D.


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ManipuriManipuri

Bharata NatyamBharata Natyam

OdissiOdissi

Mohini AttamMohini Attam

KuchipudiKuchipudi

Katha aliKatha aliKathakKathak

7 Classical Danceforms7 Classical Danceforms

India's ancient achievements in Medical Science


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India s ancient achievements in Medical ScienceKnowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference

Artificial Limb RigVed (1-116-15) 20thCentury

Number of Chromosomes (23) Mahabharat (5500 BCE) 1890 A.D.

Combination of Male and Female Shrimad Bhagwat 20thCentury

Analysis of Ears RigVed Labyrinth

Beginning of the Foetal Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE) Robinson, 1972

Parthenogenesis Mahabharat 20thCentury

Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only)

Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only)

Mahabharat Not possible yet

Not possible yetElongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel Shrimad Bhagwat Not yet

Cell Division (in 3 layers) Shrimad Bhagwat 20thCentury

Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19 thCentury

Micro-organisms Mahabharat 18 thCentury

A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the

disease in minute quantity

S-Bhagwat (1-5-33) Haneman, 18 thCentury

Developing Embyro in Vitro Mahabharat 20thCentury

Life in trees and plants Mahabharat Bose, 19 thCentury

16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya Upanishad 19th 20thCentury

Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad Yogsootra Cunavidhi 20thCentury

Chromosomes (Mahabharat)(5500 BCE) 1860 1910 A.D.

India's ancient achievements in Physical Science


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India s ancient achievements in Physical ScienceKnowledge Ancient Reference Modern

Reference

Velocity of Light RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D) 19thCentury

Trans-Saturnean Planets Mahabharat (5500 BC) 17-19 thCentury

Space Travel to another solar system Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC) Under trials

Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad) (6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C) 17thCentury

Ultraviolet Band Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U) ----

Infra-Red Band Sulohita (M.U) ----

Tachyons faster than light Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan, 1968

Nuclear Energy Spullingini (Mundakopanishad) 20thCentury

Black Holes Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad) 20thCentury

Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19 thCentury

Monsoon at Summer Solstice RigVed (23720 B.C) ----

Entry in South America by AeroplanesV

almiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) ----Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco,

Peru, S.America

Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) 1960 A.D.

Aeroplanes RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----

Robot Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----

Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible) Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.) 1800 A.D.


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SightsofIndia

Mount Kailas, Himalayasabode of snow in Sanskrit


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abode of snow in Sanskrit

The Beauty of Kashmir


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Varanasi, Ganges River


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Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan


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Gods Own Country, Kerala


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