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Residential Foundations
He who has not first laid his foundations maybe able with great ability to lay them
afterwards, but they will be laid with trouble to
the architect and danger to the building.
Niccolo Machiavelli(14! " 1#$%&,The Prince
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Niccolo_Machiavelli/http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Niccolo_Machiavelli/ -
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Foundations
' ur)ose
' *onsiderations
' +y)es of Foundations -hallow Foundations
' -)read Footings
' -tri) Foundations
' -lab"on"rade and +hic/ened -labs
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ur)ose of Foundations
' rovide a level, stablesurface to safely
su))ort a building
' +ransfer building loads to soil' 0nchor the building from wind, flood, and
seismic loads
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esign *onsiderations
' 2oads from the structure
' 0llowable soil bearing )ressure
' Frost de)th' Flood elevation
' rainage
' *osts
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2oads from the -tructure
Foundations Must Resist
'ead 2oad
3eight of building'2ive 2oad
3eight of occu)ants,
furniture, and e5ui)ment
'2ateral 2oads
3ind
3-eismic activity
3Flood
-672 R80*+76N-
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0llowable -oil 9earing ressure
' 7ndicates the ma:imum )ressure that a soil
may be designed to su))ort
' +y)ically )resented in )ounds )er s5uare foot()sf&
' ifferent ty)es of soils have different
allowable soil bearing )ressures
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-oil 7nformation
' 2ocal building de)artment, codes, and regulations
' reliminary information;
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Frost e)th
' Free>ing of soil can cause heaving of
foundations
' -ilt or clay soils with a high water table are
highly susce)tible to frost
efense
' 9uild base of foundation below frost de)th
' rovide frost )rotection for foundation
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Frost Heave
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Frost e)th *ontour Ma)
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Flood 8levation
' 7nundation by flood
waters should be
avoided
amage to structure amage to contents
' Height of floors is
dictated by buildingcodes and should be
above flood levels
*ourtesy Federal 8mergency Management 0gency. hotogra)her
ave -aville.
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Flood 7nsurance Rate Ma) (F7RM&
0ffordable Home -ite
F7RM area available on the F8M0 online Ma) -ervice at htt);==msc.fema.gov
9ase Flood 8levation
http://msc.fema.gov/http://msc.fema.gov/ -
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rainage
' round should be slo)ed away from the building
' rovide drainage )i)e along continuous
foundations
' round floor should be located ? @? abovegrade
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rainage
@?
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-hallow Foundations
+ransfers loads to the soil very near thesurface
-)read footing or stri) footing -lab"on"grade
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-)read (*olumn& Footing
0 footing that s)reads
the load over a broad
area which su))orts one(or a few& load(s&
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*ontinuous (-tri)& Foundation
0 wide stri) of reinforced
concrete that su))orts
loads from a bearing wall
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+H7*A8N8
-209
022
-209"6N"
R08
-lab"on"rade
and +hic/ened -lab-lab"on"rade Reinforced
concrete floor su))orted by soil
+hic/ened -lab 0 slab on gradewith an integral footing created
by thic/ening the slab
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Residential Foundations
' ur)ose' *onsiderations
' +y)es of Foundations
-hallow Foundations' -)read Footings
' -tri) Foundations
' -lab"on"rade
' +hic/ened -labs