Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
carlo vezzoliPolitecnico di Milano
Learning Network on Sustainability
course Product-Service System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 2 System Design for Sustainability
learning resource 2.1
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY: THE EUROPEAN / ITALIAN APPROACH
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
1. Sustainable development and system innovation2. The evolution of sustainability in design (Europe)3. Eco-Efficient Product-Service System (PSS)4. System design for eco-efficiency5. System design for social equity and cohesion
CONTENTS
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEM INNOVATION
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENTthat takes place within the limits set by the “nature” and meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future generation within a world-wide equitable distribution of resources
1987, UN “our common future”; 1992 UN conf. Rio; 2002 UN conf. Johannesburg; 2006 UE Sustainable Development Strategy; etc…
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
ENVIRONMENTAL- not to exceed the biosphere and geosphere
“resilience”
SOCIO-ETHICAL- same resources (satisfaction) level for future
generations - equity in the distribution of resources (satisfaction)
ECONOMIC- economically practicable solutions
THE SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
EU DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION“safeguard the earth's capacity to support life in all its diversity, respect the limits of the planet's natural resources and ensure a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment. Prevent and reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable consumption and production to break the link between economic growth and environmentaldegradation.”
[EU, SDS, 2006]
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION “promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive, healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities and combats discrimination in all its forms”
[EU, SDS, 2006]
EU DEFINITION OF SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAINABILITY
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
ECONOMIC PROSPERITY“Promote a prosperous, innovative, knowledge-rich, competitive and eco-efficient economy which provides high living standards and full and high-quality employment throughout the European Union.”
[EU, SDS, 2006]
EU DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SHOULD USE ~90% LESS RESOURCES THAN THE HIGHLY INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY
SUSTAINABILITY: DIMENSION OF CHANGE
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
SUSTAINABILITY: QUALITY OF CHANGE
PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS
RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”)
DIFFUSED INNOVATION
PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM) INNOVATIONS
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
2. THE EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN (IN EUROPE)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
low impactmat./energies
design for social equity and
cohesion
Product-Service System design for
eco-efficiency
Product Life Cycle Design
ecodesign
widening the “o
bject” to be desig
ned
SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN: EVOLUTION (EUROPE)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
CONSOLIDATION(research achievements)
(educa
tion a
nd p
ract
ice)
DIS
SEM
INA
TIO
N
100%
100%
0new research frontier …
low impactmat./energies
design for social equity and
cohesion
Product Life Cycle Design
ecodesign
widening the “o
bject” to be desig
ned
… aim atSUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN: STATE OF ART (EUROPE)
Product-Service System design for
eco-efficiency
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
3. ECO-EFFICIENT PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM (PSS)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM: DEFINITION
pdf available at: http://www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/design/pss.htm
“the result of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing and selling physical products only, to designing selling a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands (satisfactions).”
“system innovation can lead,throughout innovative stakeholders’ interactions, to system eco-efficiency.”
[UNEP, 2002]
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
ECO-EFFICENT PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM EXAMPLES (AND TYPOLOGIES)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
KLUBER LUBRIFICATIONoffers lubricants + service on-site identification (movable lab) of equipment inefficiency, and the potential reduction of emissions’ impact
the innovative interaction between the company and the client, make the companies’ economic interest to be other than only selling higher amount of lubricants
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
E-E PSS INNOVATION (TYPE I)ADDING VALUE TO THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
a company (alliance of companies) provides additional services - maintenance, repair, up-grading, substitution and product take back - to guarantee life cycle performance of the product (sold to the client)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
AMG: SOLAR HEAT SERVICEhot water itself is sold as an entire service (payment x litre); hot water is produced by sun energy + methane; service include: methane supply (not directly paid), equipments and meter (not owned) transportation, installation and maintenance.
the innovative interaction between the company and the user, make the companies’ interest to design equipment minimising methane consumption (maximises the income) and increase solar energy (because of higher income)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
E-E PSS INNOVATION (TYPE II)PROVIDING FINAL RESULTS TO CUSTOMERS
a company (alliance of companies) provides a customised mix of services, instead of products, in order to provide a specific final result to the customer
the client does not own the product and/or does not buy the resources for its functioning and does not operate on it to obtain the final satisfaction, i.e. the client pays the company to provide the agreed final results
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
ARISTON + ENEL: PAY-PER-USEpayment is based on number of washes and includes: delivery of a washing machine at home (not owned), electricity supply (not directly paid), maintenance, up-grading and end-of-life collection.
the innovative interaction between the companies and the client, make the companies’ interest to design and provide high efficient, long lasting, reusable and recyclable washing machines
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
E-E PSS INNOVATION (TYPE III)
ENABLING PLATFORMS FOR CUSTOMERS
company (alliance of companies) provides access to products, tools, opportunities enabling clients to get their “satisfaction”
the client does not own the product and/or does not buy the resources for its functioning, but operates on it to obtain the “satisfaction”, i.e. the client pays only for the use of the product
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
BUTONLY SOME PSS TYPES ARE ECO-EFFICIENT!
IN FACT, PSS IS NOTHING NEW! (IN EUROPE)
NOWADAYS every most of the products involve services and vice versa and change towards service economy is happening anywayservices (not products) generate: . more than 50 % of GDP in Europe (. more than 75% of GDP in USA)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
ECO-EFFICIENT PSS TYPOLOGIES
- adding value to the product life cycle
- providing final results to customers
- providing enabling platforms for customers
(THESE ARE NOT SO DIFFUSED IN EUROPE)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
E-E PSS INNOVAT. MAIN CHARACTERITICS:
radical innovations, not much as technological ones, but as new interactions/partnership between the satkeholders of the particular offer-demand (satisfaction) system
business model potentially delinking economic interests from environmental impact increase, i.e. win-win potential
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
4. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
… introducing eco-efficient PSS innovation in design ...
REQUIRES NEW DESIGNDEFINITION, APPROACHES, SKILLS, METHOD/TOOLS
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
“the design for eco-efficiency of the system of products and services that are together able to fulfil a particular demand of “satisfaction”, as well as the design of the interaction of the stakeholders taking part to this offer-demand satisfaction system”
(VEZZOLI, Maggioli, Milan, 2007)
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: DEFINITION
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH DEMAND-SATISFACTION DESIGN
. “STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS” APPROACH STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION DESIGN
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: APPROACHES
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS DESIGN
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH DEMAND-SATISFACTION DESIGN
. “STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS” APPROACH STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION DESIGN
. SYSTEM ECO-EFFICIENCY APPROACH ECO-EFFICIENCY-ORIENTED SYSTEM DESIGN
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: APPROACHES
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
- design an integrated system of products and services fulfilling a particular demand for “satisfaction”
- design new socio-economic stakeholders’ interactions
- promote/facilitate participated design between different stakeholders
- ORIENTATE THE ABOVE PROCESSES TOWARDS ECO-EFFICENT SOLUTIONS
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: SKILLS
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: METHODS AND TOOLS
EU RESEARCHES WITH METHOD/TOOLS OUTCOMES:
van Halen, Vezzoli & Wimmer, Methodology for product service system innovation,Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands, 2005
MEPSSManzini, Collina & Evans, Highly Customerised Solutions, Cranfield University, 2006
HiCS
MSDS: Method for System Design for Sustailabilityadopted by Polimi-dis: company consulting + teaching
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA . system life optimisation. transportation/distribution reduction . resources reduction. waste minimisation/valorisation. conservation/biocompatibility. toxic reduction
[DEVELOPED WITHIN MEPSS PROJECT WITH A RELATED SET OF GUIDELINES ANDINTEGRATED INTO THE SDO TOOLKIT]
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
the 6 environmental criteria
... a set of stakeholders'’ interactions promising guidelines
(criteria-related)
type stakeholders’
interactions idea
SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING (SDO)/IDEA TABLE
for each criteria …
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
AN ONGOING POLIMI DIS APPLIED RESEACRH ON SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY (USING THE MDSD METHOD)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Imp
att
o r
ela
tivo (
%)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
and productionPre
-production- Distribution Disposal
Imp
att
o r
ela
tivo (
%)
abridged LCA
ABRIDGED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM INNOVATION INTRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION PATH
ECO-EFFICIENT SCENARIOS ELABORATION
commissioned by:
system innovation introd. and diffusion path
eco-efficient scenarios elaboration
PSS concept design
PSS engineering
PSS CONCEPT DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
5. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
1° REMARK:
(in Europe) Product-Service System innovations have received concern mainly:. for their environmental win-win potential. in relation to industrialised contexts
A RECENT RESEARCH QUESTION: WHAT ABOUT PSS POTENTIALS FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION?
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
2° REMARK:
a promising economic model to couple environmental and socio-ethical sustainability
DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES: “selective share of production distributed to regions where activities are organized in the form of small scale, flexible units that are synergistically connected with each other” [IIIEE, SWEEDEN, 2006]
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
key example of Distributed Economies
“DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION”(RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUN, HYDROGEN…)
environmental sustainability: non-exhaustable + greenhouse effect reduction + lower environmental impact for extraction, transformation, distribution
socio-ethic sustainability: sun (and hydrogen) acquisition: local + with simple processes > micro-plants installable/manageable by small economic entity > user-producer > energetic micro network building > global network > access, self-sufficiency, power (and interdependency) local communities/households > resources democratisation > inequality reduction
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
group of 40 personsorganised to acollective purchase anddebating on consumption:. preference for local, season/biological produces. preference for small local producer/social coop.. direct contact with suppliers + production site. cost reduction duet to de-intermediation
other examples of Distributed Economies(not energy related)
SOLIDARITY PURCHASINGGROUPS (GAS)
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES MAIN SUSTAINABLE CHARACTERISTICS
LOCALLY-BASED: start from sustainable local resources and needs, but could become open non-local or global systems
+NETWORK-STRUCTURED: gain critical mass and potential by their connections in network
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
>DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES ARE IN FACT PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM INNOVATION WHICH ARE COMMUNITY-BASED AND COUPLING ECO-EFFICIENCY WITH SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION
RESEARCH QUESTION:IS THERE A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR THE DESIGN IN SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION WHEN AND IF PSS INNOVATION ARE LACALLY-BASED AND NETWORK STRUCTURED?
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
POLIMI DIS CO-PROMOTED SOME RESEARCH/PROJECTS ONEE PSS DESIGN POTENTIALS FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
workshop 1 (1.2006)workshop 1 (1.2006) ITCP-USP, Sao PaoloITCP-USP, Sao Paolo
method/tool method/tool developmentdevelopment
DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS/METHODS FOR SOCIAL INCUBATOR
Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares ITCP NETWORK University of Sao PaoloFederal University of Paraná, CuritibaPolitecnico di Milano - DIS
workshop 2 (8.2006) workshop 2 (8.2006) ITCP-UFPR, CuritibaITCP-UFPR, Curitiba
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
sustainable sustainable system designsystem design
product designproduct design
system innovation system innovation introd. and diffusion introd. and diffusion pathpath
Politecnico di Milano
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
A Global UNIDO Network of University Chairs on Innovation
- FARKA, a system for drinkable water transportation in Burkina Faso;- DUMBO, a system for vegetable’s transportation in Zambia – NIGO, a system for disabled students transportation in South Africa.
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE PILOT PROJECT AIMING AT AN INTRODUCTION OF LOCALLY-BASED AND LONG LASTING MOBILITY SYSTEM FOR LOW INCOME CONTEXTS IN AFRICA
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION CRITERIA . improve employment/working conditions. increase equity and justice in relation to stakeholders. enable a responsible/sustainable consumption. favor/integrate the weak and marginalized. improve social cohesion. empower/enhance local resources
[DEVELOPED BASED ON EXPERIENCES MATURED INUNIDO, ITCP AND INFORMAL LENS (2003 IIT) ANDINTEGRATED INTO THE SDO TOOLKIT]
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
the 6 environmental criteria
... a set of stakeholders'’ interactions promising guidelines
(criteria-related)
type stakeholders’
interactions idea
SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING (SDO)/IDEA TABLE
for each criteria …
Carlo VezzoliIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi / India
“the design for social equity and cohesion of eco-efficient system of products and services that are together able to fulfil a particular demand of (community) “satisfaction”, as well as the design of the locally-based and network-structured interaction of the stakeholders directly and indirectly linked to that “satisfaction” system””(VEZZOLI, Maggioli, Milan, 2007)
A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR THE DESIGN?:
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY(ENVIRONM. + SOCIAL EQUITY)