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Fundamental Rights Conference 2014:Fundamental Rights and Migration to the EU
11 November 2014
William Swing, Director General International Organization for Migration
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I Human Mobility – the global trends
II
III
Development policy & Humanitarian action
EU at the forefront
OVERVIEW
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I. GLOBAL MIGRATION TRENDS
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232 million international migrants + 740 million internal migrants
1 billion migrants
UNPRECEDENTED HUMAN MOBILITY
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 2000 2010 2030 2040 2050
in m
illion int'l m
igrants
Growth of International Migrants
Source: UN DESA (2013) and IOM WMR (2008)
1990 – 2050 projected increase around 150%
2000 – 2015 approx. increase 35%
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Greatest Forced Displacement sinceWorld War II
1. Syria, Iraq, CAR, South Sudan – Libya, Somalia,
Afghanistan, Yemen
2. Increasing refugees/IDPs (50 million) &
climate displacement (22 m, mainly Asia – IDMC 2013)
3. Desperation Migration – IOM’s Fatal Journeys 2014
• 40,000 since 2000 worldwide – land and sea
• 22,000 deaths trying to reach Europe since 2000
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Migration Drivers Increase Complexity1. DEMOGRAPHY: North – ageing, South – youthful
2. DEMAND labour shortage vs. labour surplus
3. DISPARITY increasing: economic, social
4. DISTANCE‐shrinking : budget transportation
5. DIGITAL REVOLUTION: instant information
6. DISASTERS / DEGRADATION: natural /human, rapid / low onse
7. DREAMS / DESPERATION: life with dignity and prosperity.
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SOUTH‐NORTH
Source: IOM World Migration Report 2013
SOUTH‐SOUTH
22% NORTH‐NORTH
5% NORTH‐SOUTH
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JUSTIFY MIGRATION IN GLOBAL RECESSION
POST-9/11 SECURITY CONCERNS
PERCEIVED THREATS TO IDENTITY
POLITICALLY SENSITIVE ISSUES TO MANAGE:
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USD 454 bn. remittances by 2015o developing countries
Offsets effects of ageing societies
More vulnerable in mega-cities
MEGA TREND MEGA IMPACTSEconomic
Social
Environnemental
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II. MOBILITY IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION
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Inevitable Necessary Desirable
Migration Is TransformativeECONOMIC
• Alleviates poverty
• Increases trade
• Stimulates innovation
SOCIAL
• Raises rights issues
• Empowers women
• Diaspora: agents of change
Increases resilience through:
• Remittances
• Planned mobility
ENVIRONMENTAL
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Risks to Migrants = Risks for Development
FORCED DISPLACEMENT
• Length of displacement average 17 years
• 72 million displaced is development impediment
VULNERABILITY
• Increased “desperation migration”
• 40.000 known migrant
deaths since 2000
EXPLOITATION
• Unethical recruiters take abusive fees
• Employers take passports as “security”
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Post-2015 on Migration & Development
Target on migration and mobility in the suggested SDG 10 on “Inequalities”, from the Outcome Document of Proposal of the Open Working Group, July 2014
“10.7 facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation of planned and well‐managed migration policies.”
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HOW MIGRATION IS REFLECTED IN THE OPEN WORKING GROUP OUTCOME DOCUMENT
OWG Chapeau
• Reference to promoting economic growth, social development and environmental protection for the benefit of all, without distinction of any kind including migration status.
• Notes commitment to migration and development through HLD Declaration.
Goal and target framework
Goal 5Gender equality
TRAFFICKING (FOCUS ON WOMEN AND
GIRLS)
Goal 8Employment & decent work
MIGRANT WORKER RIGHTS
WOMEN MIGRANTS
Goal 10Reduce
inequality
PLANNED & WELL‐MANAGED MIGRATION POLICIES
MIGRANT REMITTANCES
Goal 16Peaceful & inclusive societies
TRAFFICKING (FOCUS ON CHILDREN)
Goal 17Global
partnership
DATA DISAGGREGATION (INCLUDING BY MIGRATORY STATUS) –
RELEVANT TO HEALTH AND EDUCATION
Goal 4Education
SCHOLARSHIPS (STUDENT MOBILITY)
Goal 1Poverty
eradication
RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE EVENTS AND ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SHOCKS
Goal 11Sustainable
cities
REDUCE DEATHS & ECONOMIC
LOSSES CAUSED BY DISASTERS
DRR PLANS
Goal 13Climate change
RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE HAZARDS AND NATURAL DISASTERS
Specific references
Other entry points
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Responses to forced population displacement
Humanitarian community acts through IASC
UN Humanitarian coordinator – global and country level
Camp Coordination and Camp Management: Conflict and Natural disaster (UNHCR and IOM lead)
IOM Humanitarian policy & MCOF
IOM & partners assisting victims of major climate change – induced displacements
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Multilateral Processes (2014-17)
UN World Conference on DRR – Sendai March 2015
UN post‐2015 Development Agenda
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
World Humanitarian Summit
Global Forum on Migration and Development
Regional Consultative Processes on Migration – 16
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III. EU at the FOREFRONT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICY
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Essential Elements: Humanitarian• Saving lives
• Support action on mobility aspects of crisis
• More resettlement in EU and protected entry procedures to EU
• Regional protection programs work better linked to resettlement
• IOM collaboration on risk analysis/info sharing: DTM
• Support to transit countries
• “Mare Nostrum” & “Khartoum Process”: key interim measures
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Essential Elements: Development
• Regular migration channels
• Mobility Partnerships – Morocco (2013) and Tunisia (2014)
• Support diasporas: investment opportunities and circular migration
• Support South‐South migration & dev
• Reducing remittance costs – esp. high‐cost remittance corridors
• Insert migration in national development/poverty reduction plans
• Disaggregate migrants in population statistics
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“High Road Scenario” Elements
• Centralized and simplified migration programmes
• Liberal legal migration avenues
• De‐criminalization of irregular migrants
• Multiple entry visas
• Dual nationality laws
• Portable social security benefits
• Integration, resettlement and citizenship as options
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“High Road Scenario” Elements
• Assistance for migrants in crises, including AVRR
• anti‐trafficking/smuggling laws
• active campaign against traffickers and smuggler
• Diaspora support
• Participation in regional migration dialogues
• Humanitarian Border Management
• Measures to respond to the "drivers" of migration
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CONCLUSIONS
• Human mobility = global megatrend
• Migrants: mega‐actors for development
• Migrants’ wellbeing and human rights: must be policy core
• Comprehensive approach needed: combine
development and humanitarian action
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CONCLUSIONS:Migration Challenges in a
World in Disarray• Changing the migration narrative
• Managing social diversity