Download - 2013 MAPOR Slides
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School Bell SignalsPolls and Perspectives on
K-12 Education & Schooling
Midwest Association for Public Opinion Research (MAPOR)38th Annual Conference
November 23, 2013
Paul [email protected]
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“A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?”
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Profile of Friedman/Braun Research SurveysData Collection & Processing: Braun Research, Inc. (BRI)
Interview Period: approx. 7 to 10 days
Interview Method: Live Telephone | approx. 70% landline and 30% cell phone
Sample Frame: National / General Population = Adults (age 18+)State = Registered Voters
Sampling Method: Dual Frame; Probability Sampling; RDD
Population Samples: National / General Population = approx. 1,000State = approx. 600
Margins of Error: National / General Population = ± 3.1 percentage points State = ± 4.0 percentage points (MOE higher for demographic groups)
Response Rates: Landline (LL) = approx. 10% to 15%Cell Phone = approx. 10% to 15%
Weighting? Yes (Age, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Region, Landline/Cell)
Oversampling? National = Yes State = No
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Considering the following perspectives in the Friedman/Braun Research surveys…
~ National (18+)
~ Regions (18+)
~ States (RV)
~ Demographics: National, States
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Observing the following metrics…
~ Levels
~ Margins (i.e. differences, gaps)
~ Intensities (strong positive – strong negative)
~ Min vs. Max
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Limitations, Future Research
• Larger state samples to improve demographic interpretations
• Cell phone proportion of overall sample
• Caveat: timing of state polls
• Caveat: comparing demographics across states
• Direct comparisons of issues and policies
• Test ordering of issue/policy questions
• Test wording of issue/policy questions
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Survey Topics
• Priority issue; Attention to K-12 education• Direction of K-12 education• Rating the state’s public school system• K-12 education spending/funding• Grade local schools (public, charter,
private) • Preferred school type
• Charter schools• School vouchers• Education savings accounts (ESAs)• Tax-credit scholarships
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Focus
• Direction of K-12 education (right direction vs. wrong track)
• Rating the state’s public school system (excellent, good, fair, poor)
• Indicated school preferences (by school type)
• Views on school vouchers (favor vs. oppose)
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What do respondents say about the
state of K-12 education in the
U.S. / in their own state?
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Direction of K-12 Education (2013)
Right Direction Wrong Track
% %
Hispanic 38 49 -11 73
18 to 34 33 45 -12 134
Urban 34 56 -22 174
Northeast 32 59 -27 199
Midwest 32 60 -28 226
School Parent 29 60 -31 509
Republican 30 62 -32 244
35 to 54 29 62 -33 390
Under $40,000 28 61 -33 273
Small Town 27 60 -33 261
Democrat 28 64 -36 273
NATIONAL 26 62 -36 1,000
Non-Schooler 25 62 -37 488
Suburban 24 62 -38 355
$40,000 to $79,999 25 64 -39 282
$80,000 & Over 25 64 -39 299
White 25 64 -39 717
West 24 63 -39 199
Asian 14 54 -40 20
South 21 64 -43 376
Black 24 68 -44 110
Independent 20 67 -47 288
55 & Over 20 72 -52 425
Rural 18 75 -57 176
Population Margin N =
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Rating the State's Public School System
Good/Excellent Fair/Poor
% %
ND-13 77 20 57 18 605IA-13 65 34 31 8 605
KS-10 63 35 28 4 602MT-12 60 28 32 9 604WA-12 52 44 8 -3 602NJ-10 52 45 7 -2 602ME-13 50 45 5 -1 604AK-11 48 47 1 -3 1,006AR-10 48 48 0 -6 603TN-12 47 49 -2 -6 606ID-11 46 51 -5 -8 1,202
NC-12 45 52 -7 -6 601NY-10 43 56 -13 -14 603TX-13 42 54 -12 -6 613IN-10 42 55 -13 -11 1,017
MS-10 42 57 -15 -12 603AL-10 40 58 -18 -16 601RI-13 35 60 -25 -14 602
LA-12 34 63 -29 -20 802NM-11 32 65 -33 -19 808
Margin Intensity N = Population
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“If it were your decision and you could select any type of school, what type of school would you select in order to obtain the best education for your child?”
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What do respondents say
about school vouchers?
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School Vouchers, Favor vs. Oppose (2013)
Favor Oppose
% %
School Parent 70 24 46 28 509
Under $40,000 67 23 44 19 273
Small Town 67 23 44 16 261
Black 65 24 41 25 110
18 to 34 64 24 40 6 134
Independent 66 28 38 9 288
South 65 28 37 12 376
Midwest 66 31 35 18 226
35 to 54 65 30 35 20 390
$40,000 to $79,999 63 29 34 19 282
Republican 63 32 31 12 244
White 61 32 29 9 717
Urban 60 31 29 16 174
NATIONAL 60 32 28 9 1,000
Northeast 58 31 27 -1 199
Rural 59 33 26 10 176
Non-Schooler 56 35 21 1 488
$80,000 & Over 57 39 18 -2 299
Suburban 56 38 18 0 355
55 & Over 55 37 18 4 425
Asian 57 41 16 1 20
Hispanic 51 36 15 -1 73
Democrat 52 38 14 7 273
West 50 39 11 5 199
Population Margin Intensity N =
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State Voters on School Vouchers
Favor Oppose
% %
MS-10 74 20 54 33 603
NJ-10 69 26 43 20 602
IN-10 66 24 42 24 1,017
NY-10 66 26 40 26 603
TX-13 66 27 39 15 613
AK-11 64 29 35 16 1,006
LA-12 63 29 34 21 802
AL-10 62 28 34 16 601
NM-11 62 30 32 15 808
AR-10 60 30 30 21 603
TN-12 59 31 28 11 606
NC-12 57 32 25 14 601
ND-13 58 34 24 8 605
RI-13 56 33 23 9 602
KS-10 57 36 21 14 602
ID-11 56 35 21 8 1,202
WA-12 55 35 20 4 602
ME-13 55 38 17 3 604
IA-13 54 38 16 5 605
MT-12 52 39 13 4 604
Margin Intensity N = Population
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Conclusions
• Americans have been very negative wrt direction of K-12 education in the country, and in most of their own states
• Broad disconnect between respondents’ survey preferences and actual school enrollments.
• Without definition or context, a plurality of Americans favor school vouchers
• With a definition, we see majority support• Variation in terms of margins and
intensities
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Additional context…
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About the Friedman Foundation
• Established in 1996 by Milton and Rose Friedman
• 501(c)(3) / Non-partisan / Non-profit
• Based in Indianapolis, IN, we work in more than 20 states for any given year.
“Working with local and state partners, we are committed to research, education, and
outreach on the vital issues and implications related to choice and competition in K-12 education.”
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Why does Friedman conduct surveys?
• Assessment (national, states)
• Comparison (states, demographics)
• Document (national, states, demographics)
• Awareness & Conversation (states)
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Appendix 1
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Preferred School Type (2013)
Public School Private School Charter School Home School
% % % %
NATIONAL 34 45 10 7 1,000
School Parent 31 48 7 8 509
Non-Schooler 35 43 11 7 488
Northeast 38 41 12 4 199
South 29 47 8 11 376
Midwest 31 52 10 6 226
West 41 38 12 5 199
Urban 34 50 8 6 174
Suburban 27 46 12 9 355
Small Town 39 41 8 8 261
Rural 38 42 10 7 176
Democrat 41 45 9 3 273
Republican 25 49 10 14 244
Independent 31 47 10 8 288
18 to 34 31 49 9 8 134
35 to 54 27 48 10 8 390
55 & Over 40 40 10 6 425
Under $40,000 35 47 8 7 273
$40,000 to $79,999 35 43 14 6 282
$80,000 & Over 31 48 9 8 299
Hispanic 34 34 20 11 73
Asian 42 40 8 3 20
Black 35 44 14 3 110
White 33 48 8 7 717
Population N =
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Brief Findings
• Americans are very negative wrt direction of K-12 education in the country, by more than 2-to-1
• Groups most likely to be negative: South, African Americans, Independents, 55+, Rural
• ND stands out as positive; also KS, MT, AK, AR• NC, ID, WA, IN, ME – least likely “right direction”
• ND, IA, KS, MT – highest ratings• NM, LA, RI, AL – lowest ratings
• ND – greatest positive intensity• LA, NM, AL, RI, NY – greatest negative intensity
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What do respondents say about
spending in K-12 education?
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Estimates of K-12 Education Spending
Per Student % Saying Correct
Spending Spending Range
ID-11 $7,118 26 32 28 1,202TN-12 $7,992 25 31 28 606WA-12 $9,688 19 21 28 602NM-11 $9,648 13 31 23 808LA-12 $10,625 11 29 26 802IA-13 $9,807 11 47 34 605
ND-13 $10,519 11 45 38 605MT-12 $10,189 11 20 44 604TX-13 $8,788 10 49 27 613RI-13 $13,815 10 52 29 602
NC-12 $8,518 8 26 45 601AK-11 $15,353 7 24 27 1,006ME-13 $12,452 7 56 31 604NJ-10 $17,076 11 30 8 602KS-10 $10,201 10 40 12 602IN-10 $9,254 10 39 18 1,017
MS-10 $8,064 9 47 14 603AR-10 $8,854 9 41 16 603NY-10 $17,746 7 38 13 603AL-10 $9,042 7 51 15 601
Under DK N = Population
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Learning about specific K-12 spending information influences public opinion.
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Split Sample Experiment on School Funding Views
(A) No Info (B) Given Info Change Change
% Funding Too Low % Funding Too Low Points %
WA-12 56 32 -24 -43 602NM-11 62 41 -21 -34 808RI-13 46 26 -20 -43 602
NC-12 66 50 -16 -24 601AK-11 40 26 -14 -35 1,006TN-12 55 41 -14 -25 606LA-12 57 45 -12 -21 802IA-13 45 34 -11 -24 605
TX-13 52 41 -11 -21 613ID-11 57 47 -10 -18 1,202
ND-13 41 33 -8 -20 605MT-12 43 37 -6 -14 604ME-13 52 50 -2 -4 604
Population N =
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Brief Findings
• There is an extremely low-level of knowledge about how much is spent (per student) in public schools.
• National: 14% estimated correct range (DK = 22%)
• States: Roughly 1 in 10 estimated correctly (ID, TN = about 1 in 4 correct; DK = 23% to
45%)
• Experiment shows that inserting a per-student spending statistic changes public opinion.
National: 65% → 44% change = -21 points “too low”
10 out of 13 States decreased by at least 10 points
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Appendix 2
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Right Direction Wrong Track Diff% % N=
AMERICAN ADULTS 26 62 - 36 1,000
School Mom 32 61 - 29 405Non-Schooler 25 62 - 37 488
REGIONNortheast 32 59 - 27 199South 21 64 - 43 376Midwest 32 60 - 28 226West 24 63 - 39 199
COMMUNITYUrban 34 56 - 22 174Suburban 24 62 - 38 355Small Town 27 60 - 33 261Rural 18 75 - 57 176
PARTY IDDemocrat 28 64 - 36 273Republican 30 62 - 32 244Independent 20 67 - 47 288
AGE GROUP18 to 34 33 45 - 12 13435 to 54 29 62 - 33 39055 & Over 20 72 - 52 425
HOUSEHOLD INCOMEUnder $40,000 28 61 - 33 273$40,000 to $79,999 25 64 - 39 282$80,000 & Over 25 64 - 39 299
RACE/ETHNICITYHispanic 38 49 - 11 73Asian 14 54 - 40 20Black 24 68 - 44 110White 25 64 - 39 717
Q3. In the United States, do you feel things in K-12 education are generally going in the right direction, or do you feel things have generally gotten off on the wrong track?
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Direction of K-12 Education
Right Direction Wrong Track
% %
ND-13 66 19 47 605KS-10 49 38 11 602MT-12 49 38 11 604AK-11 46 39 7 1,006AR-10 46 41 5 603NJ-10 39 39 0 602IA-13 40 46 -6 605
MS-10 41 52 -11 603TN-12 36 50 -14 606LA-12 34 50 -16 802NY-10 36 53 -17 603AL-10 35 53 -18 601NM-11 34 52 -18 808ME-13 31 50 -19 604RI-13 32 52 -20 602IN-10 31 52 -21 1,017
WA-12 31 52 -21 602TX-13 33 55 -22 613ID-11 31 57 -26 1,202
NC-12 29 55 -26 601
Margin N = Population
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Brief Findings
• Broad disconnect between private preferences and actual school enrollments.
• Given the choice, a plurality of Americans (45%) would select a private school for their child.
• 31% of current School Parents preferred a public school; nearly half (48%) chose a private school.
• ND, MT, IA – largest public school proportions
• RI, LA, NY, TX – largest private school proportions
• ID stands out wrt charter schools
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Appendix 3
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Public Schools, Preference vs. Actual
ND-13 60 94 34 601
IA-13 49 93 44 1,006
MT-12 50 95 45 603
NJ-10 40 86 46 1,202
MS-10 43 91 48 1,017
KS-10 40 91 51 605
LA-12 31 82 51 602
TN-12 40 92 52 802
AL-10 38 91 53 604
NC-12 34 87 53 603
WA-12 40 93 53 604
ID-11 38 92 54 602
IN-10 38 92 54 808
ME-13 36 90 54 603
AK-11 39 94 55 601
AR-10 37 92 55 605
NM-11 37 92 55 602
NY-10 29 85 56 606
RI-13 29 85 56 613
TX-13 34 93 59 602
Population N = Preference % Actual % Gap
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Private Schools, Preference vs. Actual
ND-13 28 6 -22 605
ID-11 27 4 -23 1,202
MT-12 28 5 -23 604
AR-10 33 7 -26 603
NJ-10 39 13 -26 602
AK-11 30 3 -27 1,006
KS-10 35 8 -27 602
WA-12 35 7 -28 602
MS-10 38 9 -29 603
AL-10 40 9 -31 601
IA-13 38 7 -31 605
NM-11 36 5 -31 808
IN-10 41 8 -33 1,017
NC-12 39 6 -33 601
TN-12 40 7 -33 606
ME-13 42 8 -34 604
LA-12 49 14 -35 802
NY-10 49 14 -35 603
RI-13 54 12 -42 602
TX-13 47 4 -43 613
Population N = Preference % Actual % Gap
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Charter Schools, Preference vs. Actual
IA-13 5 0 -5 605
ND-13 5 0 -5 605
TX-13 8 3 -5 613
LA-12 10 4 -6 802
RI-13 10 3 -7 602
MS-10 8 0 -8 603
AL-10 8 0 -8 601
IN-10 10 2 -8 1,017
TN-12 9 0 -9 606
ME-13 9 0 -9 604
MT-12 9 0 -9 604
AK-11 15 4 -11 1,006
AR-10 12 1 -11 603
NJ-10 12 1 -11 602
KS-10 13 1 -12 602
NM-11 15 3 -12 808
NC-12 15 3 -12 601
NY-10 14 1 -13 603
WA-12 14 0 -14 602
ID-11 22 5 -17 1,202
N = Population Preference % Actual % Gap
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Appendix 4
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Brief Findings• Without definition or context, 43% of Americans
favor school vouchers, vs. 28% oppose (DK = 30%)
• Given a definition, support jumps to 60%, opposition jumps to 32% (DK = 8%)
• MOST likely to support: School Parents, < $40K, Small Town, African Americans, 18 to 34
• LEAST likely to support: West, Democrats, 55+, Suburban, High Income, ≥ $80K
• MOST supportive states: MSi, NJ, INi, NYi, TX• LEAST supportive states: MT, IA, ME, WA, ID • Dem Range: 56 (MS) ↔ 22 (AK, ND) ↔ -28 (MT) • GOP Range: 62 (NJ) ↔ 21 (TX), 20 (AR) ↔ 25
(ID) • Ind Range: 65 (NY) ↔ 27 (WA) ↔ 10 (ND)
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National surveys to look for every year…
February MetLife Survey/Harris
May Friedman Foundation/Braun Research
August AP/NORC Center
Education Next-PEPG/KN
PDK/Gallup
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National surveys asking school voucher questions
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Terry Moe (1995/2001)
• Low awareness and information ( ~ 2:1)• National, 60% vs. 32% = + 28 • Parents, 68% vs. 24% = + 44• African Americans, 73% vs. 18% = + 55• Latinos, 71% vs. 18% = + 53
Public Agenda (1999)
• National, 57% vs. 36% = + 21 Intensity = 29% vs. 23% = + 6
• Parents, 68% vs. 27% = + 41Intensity = 40% vs. 17% = + 23
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PDK/Gallup (1970 to 2013)
“Do you favor or oppose allowing students and parents to choose a private school to attend at public expense?”
EdNext-PEPG/KN (2007 to 2013)
“A proposal has been made that would use government funds to pay the tuition of low-income students who choose to attend private schools. Would you favor or oppose this proposal?”
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PDK/Gallup (1970 to 2013)Public Support for [Vouchers]
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EdNext-PEPG/KN (2007 to 2013)Public Support for Low-Income Vouchers
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Question wording varies from sponsor to sponsor…
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Moe’s recommendations for item construction (p. 200)
• Vouchers would be available to parents generally, not just to existing private school parents
• Vouchers would enable parents to choose among public, parochial, and private options in deciding where their children go to school
• Vouchers would be financed by the government and thus paid for out of taxes
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A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?
![Page 59: 2013 MAPOR Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070313/5549a27cb4c9050c738b501d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?
![Page 60: 2013 MAPOR Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070313/5549a27cb4c9050c738b501d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?
![Page 61: 2013 MAPOR Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070313/5549a27cb4c9050c738b501d/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?
![Page 62: 2013 MAPOR Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070313/5549a27cb4c9050c738b501d/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?
![Page 63: 2013 MAPOR Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070313/5549a27cb4c9050c738b501d/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A school voucher system allows parents the option of sending their child to the school of their choice, whether that school is public or private, including both religious and non-religious schools. If this policy were adopted, tax dollars currently allocated to a school district would be allocated to parents in the form of a “school voucher” to pay partial or full tuition for their child’s school. In general, do you favor or oppose a school voucher system?