Download - 2013 ASPRS Track, Monitoring Ponderosa Pine Health Using Satellite Imagery by Kathleen Johnson
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Monitoring Ponderosa Pine Health Using Satellite Imagery
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• Kathleen Johnson*
• Greg Hammann
• Rachana Ravi
• Keith Bol
• Barbara Morey
Monitoring Ponderosa Pine Health Using Satellite Imagery
Team Participants:
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Goals & Objectives
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• To Demonstrate the capabilities of WV02 8-bands for vegetation health/stress assessments
• Document the extent of tree stress from 2010 through 2013 in the White Ranch Park Area, using satellite imagery.
• Test Case for DG classification system applied to vegetative health studies
• Look for evidence of new Mountain Pine Beetle Activity
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World View-2
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TABLE 1: WorldView -2 Bands
Band
#
Name Wavelength
(nm)
1 Coastal 400-450
2 Blue 450-510
3 Green 510-580
4 Yellow 585-625
5 Red 630-690
6 Red Edge 705-745
7 NIR1 770-895
8 NIR2 860-1040
PAN Panchromatic 450-800
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Jefferson County Preliminary Study: Elk Meadow Park
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Elk Meadow: Dwarf Mistletoe Damage
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False Color: Healthy Trees are Bright Red
Natural Color: Damage is Visible
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JUNE 2010 JUNE 2012
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Jefferson County Research Site: White Ranch Park
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Ground Truth Assumptions:
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•Ground Truth for Dwarf Mistletoe acquired December 2010 (Rawhide and Sawmill Ridges)
• Treatment for mistletoe control started after ground truth acquisition (Spring 2011-Present)
•Mountain Pine Beetle was discovered during the Winter Survey in 2010, and treatment began at that time.
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White Ranch Park: Ground Truth
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Parasites:
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Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum)
Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)
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Pre-Processing:
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• Imagery Selection (4): - 10JUNE24, 11AUGUST23, 12MAY24, 13AUGUST14
•Bundle Adjustment -Orthorectification (30 m DEM)
-Co-registration
•Atmospheric Correction (DG-ACOMP)
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Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
NDVI = (rNIR – rRED)/(rNIR + rRED) Brightness = Health
Vegetative Indices
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TABLE 4. Summary of Vegetative Indices applied to the JCOS Forestry Problem
Index Formula Bands Reference
Normalized Difference
Vegetative Index NIR1 NDVI-1
(NIR1 - Red)/(NIR1 + Red)
7-5 Rouse et al. (1974)
Shamsodinni et al. (2010)
Normalized Difference
Vegetative Index NIR2 NDVI-2
(NIR2 - Red)/(NIR2 + Red)
8-5 Rouse et al. (1974)
Shamsodinni et al. (2010)
Red Edge NDVI (Red Edge - Red)/(Red Edge + Red) 6-5 Filchev (2010)
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JUNE 2010 AUGUST 2013 CHANGE
NDVI Results & Change Detection
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Table 7. Change Detection Color Codes
BLUE Negative Change:
YELLOW Neutral/Positive Change:
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Classification Model:
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•DG Classification-Supervised
•Decision Tree Classifiers: • Robust to outliers
• Applies the same rule at each Node
• Compares well to Non-linear Classifiers
• Random Forest – Ensemble Tree Method • (Random Forest: Breiman 2001)
•Use WEKA Scorer to Evaluate Models • http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/
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Random Forest – 20 Trees:
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•A stable model builder with little data preprocessing
•Does not require a normal distribution
• Relies upon balanced class sample size
• Ensemble decision tree method (employs multiple trees)
•Most robust decision tree method for outliers
• Competitive with nonlinear classifiers such as neural networks
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Classification Results: Accuracy and Precision
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Imagery Accuracy Kappa Statistic
10JUNE24 93.17 0.92
11AUG23 93.47 0.92
12MAY24 93.88 0.93
13AUG14 89.69 0.88
95% Confidence Interval
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Ponderosa Health: Random Forest-20
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10JUNE24 11AUGUST23
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Table 8. Classification Codes
ORANGE Unhealthy/Stressed
GREEN Healthy
Yellow-Green Broadleaf
12MAY24 13AUGUST14
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Ponderosa Health: Random Forest-20
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10JUNE24 11AUGUST23
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Table 8. Classification Codes
ORANGE Unhealthy/Stressed
GREEN Healthy
Yellow-Green Broadleaf
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Ponderosa Health: Random Forest-20
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12MAY24 13AUGUST14
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Table 8. Classification Codes
ORANGE Unhealthy/Stressed
GREEN Healthy
Yellow-Green Broadleaf
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Ponderosa Health: Pine Beetle Treatment
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10JUNE24 11AUGUST23
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Table 8. Classification Codes
ORANGE Unhealthy/Stressed
GREEN Healthy
Yellow-Green Broadleaf
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Ponderosa Health: Pine Beetle Treatment
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12MAY24 13AUGUST14
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Table 8. Classification Codes
ORANGE Unhealthy/Stressed
GREEN Healthy
Yellow-Green Broadleaf
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Summary of Classification Results
10JUNE24 11AUGUST23 12MAY241 3AUGUST14
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Conclusions:
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• Ponderosa Pines within White Ranch Park have shown signs of accumulated stress: - Mistletoe,
- Pine Beetle
- Drought (Fa11 2011-Spring 2013)
- Tree stress was severe enough to be visible in natural color imagery in many instances.
- Through time, the total number of trees has been reduced by remediation activities
• DG Classification results were more reliable than NDVI Change Detection: - Performed at > 90% accuracy except in the case of the 2013, where some of
the ground truth had been removed by mistletoe remediation.
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Conclusions:
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• This Study lays the foundation for continuing forestry studies across the Foot Hills region, using satellite imagery:
- Identify additional areas to be examined for mistletoe infestation and
remediation
- Can identify potential Pine Beetle attacks early IF we can capture imagery during the proper stages of the Life Cycle (need March snow free imagery)
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Acknowledgments:
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• JCOS: Keith Bol, Barbara Morey
• Project Sponsor: Kumar Navulur, NGP Director
• My Manager: Giovanni Marchisio, Data Mining Director
• DG Classification Training: Rachana Ravi, Kris Koperski
• Data Pre-Processing: Chuck Chaapel, Donnie Marino
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Thank You Questions/Discussion
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