$200K awarded in 2004

Lex van GeenLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Andrew Gelman et al.Depts. Statistics and Political Sciences

John Immel Consulting

Shuky EhrenbergYale Law School

Thomas Depuydt et al.Columbia Business School

Kazi Matin AhmedDhaka University

Pop. ~130 million80,000 villages10 million tubewells

Winkel et al., Nature Geoscience 2008 N. Osman BAMWS/NAMIC

>2

0 k

yr<

10

kyr

5 million field-kit tests largely unused

Safe depth estimates (or minimum depth)available for 40,000 villages but not disseminated

Waiting for government approvalto disseminate safe depth estimatesvia mobile phones:

-Health line-SMS

Follow-up:Commercial testingUpdating estimates with new dataSustainable insuranceOther countries

~50% of 40 million subscribers