2001-01-26 Lucent Technologies - Proprietary slide 1
Untersuchung Adaptiver Multimedia-Anwendungen
über UMTS
Michael Link, Stefan Gruhl, Markus Bauer, Michael Söllner
Global Wireless Systems ResearchBell Labs, Nürnberg
ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen”26.01.2001
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 2
3G Wireless Multimedia
MultimediaApplication
Servers
3G Wireless Network IP
Unified Messaging
VideoStreaming
ContentAccess
M-Commerce
MultimediaApplication
Clients
Personal Information
Management
UMTSRadio LinkEmulator
IP
IP
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 3
Outline
UMTS QoS Framework
UMTS Demonstrator– Objectives and Concepts– Architecture– QoS Flows Concept– Radio Link Emulation– Configuration & Monitoring Tool
Application Example
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 4
UMTS QoS Framework
Middleware
UMTS
Application
TE MT UTRANService Provider Network /
InternetCN
GatewayCN
EDGE
Radio Bearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service: UMTS QoS
BackboneBearer Service
Radio Access Bearer ServiceCN
Bearer Service
TE/MT Local Bearer Service
External Bearer Service
API
UMTS
ServerClient
End-to-End Bearer Service
GPRS Hiperlan ….UMTS
End-to-End Application: QoS requirements & adaptation
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 5
UMTS Demonstrator - Objectives
Joint evaluation and optimization of UMTS packet data services and multimedia applications
Real-time UMTS radio link emulation is required for the evaluation of– interactive applications,– control loop performance of adaptive applications.
Support of standard applications:– IP interface– QoS support for QoS-unaware IP applications
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 6
UMTS Demonstrator - Concepts
Real-time UMTS radio link emulation running on Linux PC, multimedia applications on Laptops, all connected by LAN
Layer 1/2 UMTS radio protocol stack emulation for user plane data traffic, including:– RLC segmentation & ARQ– MAC scheduling– PHY bit-error injection
QoS flow concept: individual QoS setting for each TCP or UDP data flow
ApplicationServer
“UMTS Proxy”ApplicationClient
LANWLAN
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 7
UMTS Demonstrator - Architecture
LAN LAN
IP Address Translation & Checksum
IP Dispatcher
Configuration &Monitoring Tool
Multimedia Data, Control & Signaling
Application Client Application ServerUMTS Proxy Configurator
IP Kernel Module
UMTS Radio Link Emulation
UMTS Module
UDP TCP
IP
Multimedia Data, Control & Signaling
UMTS Proxy
UDP TCP
IP
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 8
QoS Flows Concept
Problem: current applications do not support QoS procedures.
Each TCP or UDP connection is treated as an individual flow:
Flows are distinguished by source/destination IP address and port numbers.
To each flow, an individual service is assigned:– A service is defined by UMTS Traffic Class and maximum bit-rate.
– Services are mapped to UMTS radio link protocol parameters.
Example: differentiation between TCP call setup and UDP data streaming
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 9
Emulated UMTS Services
Traffic Class Con-versational
Streaming Interactive or Background
FERB (at codeword level) 1 1 1
Target delay [ms] TBD TBD TBD
RLC mode TM TM AM
RLC payload size [bits] 640 576 320 320 640
RLC header size [bits] 0 0 16
TB size [bits] 640 576 320 336 656
CRC size [bits] 16 16 16
Coding scheme TC TC TC
TTI [ms] 20 40 40 20 20 20 10 10
Maximum bit-rate [kbps] 32 64 28.8 64 128 384 8 32 64 128 384 2048
Number of TF per TFS 2 2 3 5 6 8 2 3 4 5 6 7
TFS:Number of TBs per TBS
0, 1 0, 2 0, 1,2
0, 1,2, 4,
8
0, 1,2, 4,8, 16
0, 1, 2,4, 8,
16, 32,48
0, 1 0, 1,2
0, 1,2, 4
0, 1,2, 4,
8
0, 1,2, 4,8,12
0, 1,2, 4,
8, 16,32
Mapping of UMTS Traffic Class and bit-rate to radio protocol parameters:
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 10
UMTS Radio Link Emulation
Database:
Service parameters
Frame errormodel
parameters
Error gapdistributions
UMTS Layers:
RLC
MAC
PHY
retransmissionrequests
frame
CRCflags
IP packet from IP translation to IP
Flow identification
IP queues
RLCsegmentation
on demand
RLC error control &
re-assembly
PHY frame error model & bit error injection
MAC scheduling
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 11
PHY Emulation
Frame Error Model
Bit Error Model
if frame error
Bit error pattern
Error Model Database
Scenarios Events
Parameters
Real-time emulation required
Nested model for the output of the channel decoder
Error model parameters:– derived from link-level simulations – database for various scenarios
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 12
Configuration & Monitoring Tool
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 13
Example - Video Streaming
IP-based streaming & videophone applications:
Some but limited delay
UDP transport packet loss
Application specific control loops:– error control by buffering, retransmission,
and slow bitrate adaptation – designed for Internet congestion– inefficient for wireless link
Standards & implementations:– RTP/RTCP, RTSP– Real Video Streaming– Windows Media Streaming – MS NetMeeting (H.323)
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 14
Example Session - Parameters
Applications
Windows Media Streaming:– multiple bitrate stream:
26/40/60/80/120/200/300 kbps(audio: 8 kbps)
– buffer: 3 seconds
Real Video Streaming:– multiple bitrate stream:
20/34/45/80/150/225/350/450 kbps(audio: 5-32 kbps)
– buffer: 3 seconds
UMTS Proxy
Frame error model: PB = 0.01, LB = 2,
Service: Streaming 128 kbps, RLC ARQ offStreaming 128 kbps, RLC ARQ onStreaming 64 kbps, RLC ARQ on
buffer: 3 seconds (48 kB / 24 kB)
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 15
Example Session - Traces
Windows Media Streaming Real Video Streaming
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 16
Conclusion
The UMTS Demonstrator is an integrated, real-time
UMTS radio link emulator + application monitoring tool.
ApplicationServer
IP
ApplicationClient
UMTSRadio LinkEmulator
IP
Configuration&
Monitoring Tool
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 17
Backup Slides
Ongoing Work
Protocol Context
IP Interface
UMTS Traffic Classes and QoS Attributes
Supported Applications
References
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 18
Physical layer simulations and measurements for the PHY database
UMTS shared channels and MAC scheduling
Signalling delay emulation
QoS API for wireless optimised applications
UMTS Demonstrator - Ongoing Work
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 19
UMTS Demonstrator -
Protocol Context
MT
UE CNUTRAN
Radio Protocols Iu Protocols
PDCP
RLC
MAC
FPAALATM
FPAALATM
PHY
PHY
RLC
MAC
IubUu(Radio)
L1
L2
L3
Iu
PHY
CN Edge CN Gateway
Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
PDCP
UMTS Bearer Service
Radio Bearer Service
Buffer
emulated
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 20
IP Interface
IP Kernel Module:– Modification of Linux IP kernel– Table of Client/Server IP address pairs: IP packets arriving at the UMTS
Proxy from these hosts are forwarded to the UMTS Module.
IP header address translation:– Uplink: Client Proxy to Proxy Server– Downlink: Server Proxy to Proxy Client– Client and Server both assume the corresponding peer is running on the
Proxy host.– Optional: IP address translation within TCP payload (H.323, FTP)
Checksum re-calculation:– Before error-injection: injected bit-errors result in checksum errors at
the receiver and TCP or UDP packet delay or loss, respectively.– After error-injection: forwarding of bit-errors into an error resilient
application.
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 21
UMTS Traffic Classes
Traffic Class Conversational
Conversational RT
Streaming
Streaming RT
Interactive
Interactive best effort
Background
Background besteffort
FundamentalCharacteristics
Preserve timerelation (variation)between informationentities of thestream
Conversationalpattern (stringentand low delay )
Preserve time rela-tion (variation) be-tween informationentities of the stream(i.e. some butconstant delay)
Request responsepattern
Preserve payloadcontent
Destination is notexpecting the datawithin a certaintime
Preserve payloadcontent
ApplicationExamples
Voice,Video,Interactive games
FAX,Streaming audio,Streaming video
Web browsing,Email,Ftp,Database retrieval
Background down-load of email,Backdrop deliveryof email,SMS, FAX,Download fromdatabase
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 22
UMTS QoS Attributes
traffic class max. bitrate guaranteed bitrate SDU delivery order maximum SDU size SDU format SDU error ratio residual BER delivery of erroneous SDUs SDU transfer delay traffic handling priority allocation/retention priority
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 23
Standard IP applications (ftp, telnet, etc.)
Web browsing
MS NetMeeting
Real Video Streaming
Windows Media Services
Video enhanced messaging (“miLife”)
... most IP based multimedia application are configurable to run through the UMTS Proxy!
Supported Applications
Michael Link - ITG Workshop “IP in Telekommunikationsnetzen” - 26.01.2001 slide 24
References
S. Gruhl, A. Echihabi, T. Rachidi, M. Link, and M.Söllner, “A Demonstrator for Real-time Multimedia Sessions over 3rd Generation Wireless Networks”, International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2000, New York, 30 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2000.
3GPP TS 23.107: “QoS Concept and Architecture” 3GPP TS 25.201: “Physical layer - general description” 3GPP TS 25.211: “Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channels (FDD)” 3GPP TS 25.212: “Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)” 3GPP TS 25.214: “Physical layer procedures (FDD)” 3GPP TS 25.301: “Radio Interface Protocol Architecture” 3GPP TS 25.302: “Services Provided by the Physical Layer” 3GPP TS 25.401: “UTRAN Overall Description” 3GPP TR 25.944, “Channel coding and multiplexing examples,” GSMA ISG RP-000304: “Typical Radio Parameter Sets Version 1.2”, TSG-RAN
Meeting #8, Düsseldorf, Germany, 21 - 23 June 2000 ITU-T SG 16 Q15-F-45: “Common conditions for video performance evaluation in
H.324/M error-prone systems”