20th Century China Unit 6
Mr. HardyRMS IB 2012-
2013
20th Century China• Opium Wars = Great
Britain vs. China• Why? China did not want
to trade with Great Britain• Treaty of Nanking, 1842,
ends Opium Wars– Great Britain gains trade
with China and Hong Kong• Taiping Rebellion-
Chinese peasants angry about treaty– 14 years long– 20 million people died
Boxer Rebellion
• Boxer Rebellion, 1900– Goal- remove all
foreigners from China and end the Qing Dynasty
– “BOXERS” Wanted to be isolated- “Isolationism”
– European nations and the US helped the Chinese government defeat the Boxers
Boxer Rebellion
U.S. MARINES, PEKING 1900
U.S. MARINE 1900
Boxer Rebellion
OPEN DOOR POLICYAmerica is interested in
Chinese trade, not Chinese territory
The United States fears European powers carving up and annexing parts of China.
The U.S. wants1. Equal trade rights for all
countries.2. Preserve Chinese
independence and territory
This Open Door policy gained the U.S. Chinese good will for many years.
China’s New Republic
• Sun Yat-sen- founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party– 1911 took control of
China– Led China through WWI
• During World Wars, other political groups began to emerge
Political Parties Divide China
• Chiang Kai-shek becomes the new leader of China
• Civil War- 1930– Chiang (Nationalist)
against the Communist party
• 1934- The Long March– Communist retreat– 100,000 people marched
over 6,000 miles
China and WWII• World War II- China is invaded by the Japanese• Chiang needs the help of the Communist Red Army• Join together to fight Japanese during WWII• 1945-1949 (Following WWII) Communist and
Nationalist parties fight again
Communist China
• 1949- Communists take control of China and create the People’s Republic of China– Mao Zedong- new ruler
• Communism- government holds all of the power and the production of the people
Mao Zedong and Propaganda
First Communist Actions• All land was divided among the people to work• Great Leap Forward- final push to economic
development– Huge farms of over 25,000 people– Small industry on the farmland– Education and health car provided to farm workers
• Ruined the economy!– 20 million people starved– Millions more from disease
Cultural Revolution
• Goal- remove opposition from the Communist party
• “Red Guards”- citizens who worked to find those who spoke out against the Communist Party– Anyone who had contact with or
wished for Westernization was punished
– Erase the Four Olds– Old Customs– Old Culture– Old Ideology– Old Habits
– Creation of chaos!• 1979- Mao dies and Cultural
Revolution ends
“The invincible thoughts of Mao Zedong illuminates the stages of revolutionary art.”
Cultural Clashes
• Blend of old and new Chinese culture• Deng Xiaoping- leader of China following Mao’s death• Made changes to once controlled China• Allowed for land ownership• Created political relationships with other nations
• Still controlled basic rights
Civil Unrest
• Communist government still controlled people’s rights and freedoms• Chinese people “This is not fair!”
• Tiananmen Square- April 1989, people demonstrated against Communist government– Not allowed to practice their freedom of speech– Brutal attack by the government killed many
demonstrators
Modern China Mind Map
• Complete the Mind Map as fully as possible! • Be sure to extend every “bubble” to the next
level of detail. • Your Mind Map will be graded on whether the
information is correct, used properly, and completed as far as possible!
• The Mind Map is due by the end of class today!
MIND MAP
CHINA
LABEL EACH LINE WITH A MAJOR EVENT OR CHARACTERISTIC OF CHINA.THEN LABEL THE REST OF THE MIND MAP WITH WORDS RELATINGTO THOSE SIX. BRANCH OFF IN TO MORE DETAIL AS YOU ADD WORDS.
