Download - 2 Bloom's Taxonomy and Test Blueprint
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF
COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES
AND TEST BLUEPRINT
PROF VINCENT PANG FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
STAGES IN MEASUREMENT USING
TESTS/EXAMINATION
Test Planning
oTest blueprint
Test Construction
Item analysis
Item banking
ITEM PLANNING USING TEST
BLUEPRINT
Scope of test
Difficulty levels based on Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Example of blueprint for subjective test
Content
Taxonomy Bloom
Kn
ow
led
ge
Co
mp
reh
en
sio
n
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n
An
aly
sis
Syn
the
sis
Eva
lua
tio
n
Standard Form
Quadratic expressions
& equation
1(a)
1(b)
Sets
Mathematical
Reasoning
The Straight line 2(a)
2(b)
Statistics
Probability
Circles
Example of test blueprint for objective items:
Content
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Total %
Know
ledge
Com
pre
hensi
on
Applic
ation
Analy
sis
Synth
esi
s
Eva
luation
Standard Form Q1, Q3 Q4, Q6 4 (17.39%)
Quadratic
expressions &
equation
Q7, Q9, Q10, Q11,
Q12
5 (21.74%)
Sets Q2 Q22 2 (8.7%)
Mathematical
Reasoning
Q13 Q18 2 (8.7%)
The Straight line Q5, Q8 2 (8.7%)
Statistics Q24, Q20 2 (8.7%)
Probability Q14 Q16, Q17, Q19,
Q23
5 (21.74%)
Circles Q15 1 (4.35%)
Total 3 (13.04%) 12 (52.17%) 8 (34.78%) 0 0 0 23 (100%)
BLOOM’ TAXONOMY FOR COGNITIVE
ACHIEVEMENTS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
COMPREHENSION LEVEL
APPLICATION LEVEL
ANALYSIS LEVEL
SYNTHESIS LEVEL
EVALUATION LEVEL
1. KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
•is exhibited based on memorisation of previously
learned materials through recalling of facts,
terms, basic concepts and answers.
•The most important behavior of the question at
this level is to recall without modification.
•Types of question: ‘what’, ‘who’, ‘when’, ‘which’
and ‘where’.
Action verbs:
Mendefinisi (define),
menghurai (describe),
mengenalpasti (identify),
melabelkan (label),
menyenaraikan (list),
memadankan (match),
menghafaz (memorize),
menunjukkan (point to),
mengingat kembali (recall)
memilih (select),
menyatakan (state)
2. COMPREHENSION LEVEL
is demonstrated by understanding of facts and
ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main
ideas.
Types of question use in this level are ‘explain’,
differentiate’, ‘compare’ and ‘to concise’.
Action verbs:
◦ Meminda (alter),
mengambilkira (account for),
menganotasi (annotate),
mengira (calculate),
mengubah (change),
menukar (convert),
mengumpul (group),
menerangkan (explain),
mengeneralisasi (generalize),
memberikan contoh (give example),
membuat kesimpulan (infer),
mentafsir (interprete),
memparafrasa (paraphrase),
meramal (predict),
menilai semula (review),
meringkas (summarize),
menterjemah (translate)
3. APPLICATION LEVEL
Ability to solve problems to new situations
by applying acquired knowledge, facts,
techniques and rules in a different way.
students use abstract knowledge to solve
the concrete problem.
The question type is ‘how’.
Action verbs:
Mengaplikasi (apply),
menerapkan (adopt),
menghimpun (collect),
mengkonstruk (construct),
mendiagram (diagram),
menemukan (discover),
mengilustrasi (illustrate),
menggunapakai (make use of),
memanipulasi (manipulate),
mengaitkan (relate),
menunjukkan (show),
menyelesaikan (solve),
menggunakan (use)
4. ANALYSIS LEVEL
Ability to break down information into parts to identify
causes.
Make inferences and find evidence to support
generalizations.
separate big ideas into its small component.
The question types for this level are in the form ‘why’.
Action verbs:
Menganalisis (analyse),
membanding (compare),
menunjukkan pertentangan / pertentangkan (contrast),
mendiagram (diagram),
membezakan (differentiate),
membedah (dissect),
melihat perbezaan (distinguish),
mengenalpasti (identify),
mengilustrasikan (illustrate),
membuat kesimpulan (infer),
menggariskan (outline),
menunjukkan (point out),
memilih (select),
memisahkan (separate),
mengasingkan (sort),
membahagikan (subdivide)
5. SYNTHESIS LEVEL
Compile information by combining
elements to form a new pattern or
propose alternative solutions.
combine and arrange elements or parts to
build a new one.
Quetion type: ‘how’
Action Verbs:
Mengadun (blend),
membina (build),
mengubah (change),
mencantumkan (combine),
mengkompilasi (compile),
mengarang (compose),
menggambarkan (conceive),
mencipta (create),
merekabentuk (design),
membentuk (formulate),
menjana (generate),
menghipotesis (hypothesize),
merancang (plan),
meramal (predict),
mengeluarkan (produce),
menyusun semula (reorder),
menyemak (revise),
memberitahu (tell),
menulis (write)
6. EVALUATION LEVEL
Able to evaluate and consider based on
some criteria.
The specific objective are to evaluate,
consider, and do justification.
The types of question : ‘how far’,
‘evaluate’, and ‘what is your opinion’.
Active verbs:
◦menerima (accept)/ menolak (reject),
• mentaksir (appraise),
• mengukur (assess),
• mengabitrasi (arbitrate),
• menganugerah (award),
• memilih (choose),
• menyimpulkan (conclude),
• mengkritik (criticize),
• mempertahankan (defend),
• menilai (evaluate),
• menggred (grade),
• mengadili (judge),
• mengutamakan (prioritize),
• mengesyorkan (recommend),
• menimbang (referee),
• memilih (select),
• menyokong (support)
THANK YOU….