Download - 2-Auto Systems (2)
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Automobile
Chassis
Engine / Power system
Petrol/Diesel
Mechanical Parts
Fuel System
Cooling System
Lubrication
Transmission
Clutch
Gearbox
Propeller Shaft
Differential
Drive Shafts
Suspension
Wheels
Springs
Dampers/Shock absorbers
Links
Steering
Ackerman System
Rack and Pinion
Pitman Arm
Brakes
Hydraulic
Vacuum Booster
Air Brakes
Electrical / Electronics
Battery
Charging
Starting Motor
Ignition
LightingEngine Management
Body
Various
systems inAutomobiles
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Body
chassis
Enginetransmission
suspension
4 wheel drive
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Types vehicles.
1. Front transverse engine with front
wheel drive
2. Front longitudinal engine with rear wheel
drive
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Front Longitudinal Engine with
Rear wheel drive
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Front Transverse Engine with
Front wheel drive
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Transmission
– Clutch
– Gearbox
– Propeller shaft
– Differential
– Drive shafts
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Clutch
• A clutch mechanism which enables the
rotary motion of one shaft to be transmitted
to second shaft, whose axis is coincidentwith that of first.
• Clutch is located between the engine and
gear box.
• When the clutch is engaged, the power
flows from engine to the rear wheels
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Clutch
• Disengaged – Starting the engine
Shifting the gear
Stopping the vehicleIdling the engine
• Engaged – when the vehicle moving
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Function of clutch
•
To permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the
engine is running.
•
To permit the engine power to the roadwheels smoothly without shock to the
transmission system while setting the wheel
in motion
• To permit the engaging of gear when the
vehicle is in motion without damaging the
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Gear Box or Transmission• This device transmits the power to the propeller shaft
changing the RPM.
• It can be automatic or Manually operated.
• In a car it is operated with the help of Gear lever which
helps the driver the gears according to his
requirement.
• In a manually operated Gear box it is mandatory to
engage the clutch and then change the gear.
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Automobile transmission
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Propeller Shaft or Drive shaft• It carries the power from the Transmission or the
Gearbox to the Differential.
• It is a long tube like structure made up of hardsteel.
• It is provided with universal Joints at one end andthe other has splines to fit it inside the yoke.
• If there are multiple shafts in the vehicle, it can bemounted in the cross member of the frame and alsocan be inserted into the center bearing andmounted in the member
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Differential or Rear Final Drive• It is a very important device which converts
mechanical energy to Motion.
• It provides less motion to the inner wheel andgreater motion to the outer wheel while the vehicleis being turned.
• Drive pinion and Driven gear and Planetary gearassy. are the important parts installed inside thehousing.
• It holds the wheel hubs and break drums and the
cylinders and also carry half axel shafts which helpin moving the vehicle
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Parts of a differential
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Suspension system
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Suspension System
• Uses springs and shock
absorbers to provide a
good ride and improved
handling.• Coil & leaf springs,
torsion bars and air
suspension are all used.
•
Most shock absorbers arehydraulic or air operated.
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Steering System
• Two types used:
• Conventional or parallelogram steering
used on larger carsand trucks.
• Rack and pinionsteering used on most
cars.• Conventional on
trucks, heavyvehicles.
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Full Frame Chassis
• Uses welded steel alloymetal
• C-channel or box frameconstruction
• Used on large cars andmost all trucks
• Body made in separateunit and bolted to chassis
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Braking System
• The purpose of the braking system is ofcourse, to stop the car.
• Brakes are used on all
wheels and ishydraulically operated.
• Two common types of brake assemblies are
used.• Disc Brakes
• Drum Brakes
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Drum Brakes
• Uses a drum which
spins with the wheel.
Stationary brake
shoes are pressed outfrom the inside to
cause friction.
• Used on rear brakes
of many cars.
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Starting System
• Uses a battery and
electric starting motor
(cranking motor) to crank
over the engine forstarting
• Battery
•
Cranking motor • Solenoid
• Key switch
• Wires 28
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Charging System•
The charging system has twofunctions:
• 1 – To recharge the battery
after starting.
•
2 –
To provide all theelectricity for the vehicle while
the engine is running.
• The battery provides power
while the engine is not running
• Battery/alternator/voltage
regulator
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Electronic controls system
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ABS Anti-Lock Braking System
• Helps driver stop under control
• Keeps brakes from locking up
• Pulses brakes
• Enables car to be turned
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