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AIR GENERATION &
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
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OBJECTIVE
1. State and compare the types of aircompressors.
2. State and explain the compressoraccessories.
3. State and explain on air dehydration.
4. State and explain the effect of air treatment
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EQUATION ASSOCIATED WITH
COMPRESSIBLE AIR
Pressure kPa
psi
bar
Air return back into the atmosphere based on theequation of the unit below.
1 atmosphere = 100 kPa (1 Pascal = 1 N/m2)= 14.5 psi= 1.01325 bar
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Boyles LawAir does not have a specific form. If the volume of amass is reduced, the pressure will increase because it isinversely proportional to the volume, that is, if the
volume is reduced by a half times, the pressure willincrease by 2 times as Figure below.
The pressure force on the piston
The formula to prove the theory are:
P1V1= P2V2
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POWER
Units for the force is the Newton.
Nowadays, with the materials and manufacturingtechnologies cylinder where it has a low level of
friction. The formula for calculating the effectiveforce, Feff estimated 10% loss is:
Where the effective force in Newton's unit, the unitof pressure in the bar and the diameter (D2) in cm2
Force = Pressure x Area
Feff
= P x D2x 7
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AIR COMPRESSOR
Air compressor compresses air from
atmospheric pressure to a higher pressure.
This is done by the compressor is to reduce
the volume of air.
Supplied air must be clean of oil and
contaminants.
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Aplication of Air compressed
1. Reciprocating equipment such as a hammer handleclutter-free, concrete breakers and so on.
2. Handling equipment such as rotary motors,
grinding, drill, air-operated pump, wrenches and so
on.3. Spray paint, oil, pesticides and so on.
4. Operating the air pistons to press tool, opening
doors, lifting, gripping and so on.5. Air spray for cleaning purposes.
6. Operate control equipment, valves and so on.
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TYPES OF COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR
Positive Displacement Type
~ reciprocating
~ rotary
Dynamic type
~ Radial flow type
~ Axial flow type
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One level piston compressor
a) Release Process (b) Delivery Process
Injap hantaran
Liang hantaran
Omboh
Injap
sedutan
Liang
sedutan
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One level piston compressor
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Two levels piston compressor
Silinder Kedua
Omboh Kedua
Saluran Udara
Termampat
Air Penyejuk Masuk
Penyejuk Antara
Omboh Pertama
Air Penyejuk Keluar
Silinder Pertama
Liang Sedutan
Udara masukLiang Hantaran
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Two levels piston compressor
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Two levels piston compressor
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Diaphragm compressor
Injap
Gegendang
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ROTARY COMPRESSOR
SlidingVane
Compressor
Screwcompressor
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Sliding Vane Compressor
Can result in pressure between 400 kN / m - 800kN / m.
Elements is basically a player and a few pieces offree ram visited radially in one casing
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Sliding Vane Compressorram gelangsar
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Screw compressor
Screw-type compressor with lubricating oil asprotection from leaks.
It can be used if the load applied to it unchanged.
The problem is the screw-type compressor,compressed air is produced with oil content, so it
requires oil filter installed in series the output is
divided.
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COMPRESSORS
ACCESORIES
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COMPRESSORS ACCESORIES
1.Input strainer & Silencers
2.Air Reservoir
3.Pressure-Relief valves
4.Service Unit
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Input strainer and Silencers
Each system requires a filter compressor suctionto remove dirt particles before the air enters the
inlet port. These filters are usually paper elements
that require maintenance or replacement from
time to time.
A silencer is sometimes necessary to eliminate the
noise of the air entering the compressor. It can beinstalled before or after the filter depends on the
effects of silencers required.
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Air reservoir
Filter the air coming into the main system (filterinput).
Storing compressed air to prevent the compressor
operates continuously. Heat transfer to cool the compressed air to
promote the condensate drips down the reservoirbefore the air channeled into a pneumatic system.
Collect condensate and dirt from the air. The relief valve is located in the upper air tube
function to control the excess pressure.
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P li f l
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This tool is an air receiverinstalled in a relaxing medium forchanging the pressure in thesystem
Ensure that the operatingpressure is always constant
Pressure relief valve
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FilterPressure
regulator
Air filter
Service unit
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Filter
Air filters usedto clean the
air.
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Pressure regulator
Inlet pressure mustalways be higher than the
output pressure.
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Lubricator
Adequate supply of lubricantneeded for pneumaticequipment.
A piping installationmade channels.
Pipes made of rubber, plastic ormetal. Pipe used as gas channelscan not be used at all.
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Air dehydration
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Air dehydration
Air dehydration process serves to lowertemperatures and dry air after thecompression process.
Air dehydration process can be divided intotwo parts as follows:
Continuous cooler
Air dryer
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Continuous cooler
Air cool - cooling process, air as a medium.
Water cool - cooling process is done by usingwater as a medium.
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Air cool
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Water cool
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Air dryer
Absorbance drying
Adsorption dryingCoolant drying (low temperature drying)
Main line filter
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Absorbance drying
Using wet chemical type of fluid to absorbwater from the air.
After absorbing this chemical water willbecome liquid.
Among the chemicals most commonly usedare urea, lithium and calcium chloride
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Holding cylinder built to storechemical absorbent in large numbers.
Compressed air to flow in from thebottom of the cylinder and flows upthrough the absorbent material levelbefore the dry air passes out.
Chemicals that absorb moisture fromthe air will be moist and liquid anddrip down.
Chemicals in the cylinder willdecrease and should be increasedfrom time to time by adding space atthe top of the cylinder.
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Adsorption drying
Adsorption method means that the water fromthe air will stick to the surface of the chemicals.
Usually composed of silica gel and activatedalumina is filled into the cylinder
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Fresh air enters from thebottom and out as the dryair at the top.
If required the air drier, air
will flow back into thesecond cylinder andremoved at the bottom ofthe second cylinder.
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Coolant drying (low temperature drying)
The air was compressed at a temperature of about 44C inthrough the inlet through a pipe.
Wet air conditioning air flow directly through the air andstraight into the water separator.
In the water separator, the water collected will drip down.The semi-dry air and cold air is passed directly to the "air intothe coolant" and out into the water separator where the watercollected will drip down.
The air was dry and cold air is passed over to the "air to air"before the air flows into the system.
Out of the dryer air conditioner is dry and cold air.
The exit temperature of about 2C
Coolant drying (low temperature drying)
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Coolant drying (low temperature drying)
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TQ