Download - 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION
![Page 1: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
2009-2010
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A.V.C COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
![Page 2: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
16TH APRIL 2010
PROJECT PRESENTATION
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
![Page 3: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
PROJECT GUIDE : Mr.A.BALAJI, M.E., LECTURER IN MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT A.V.C COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING .
PROJECT STUDENTS
P.ANANDHAKUMAR (80106114002) G.ARULPRAKASAM (80106114003) G.PUGAZHENDHI (80106114025) M.DHINESH (80106114304)
![Page 4: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
CONTENT INTRODUCTION PROJECT TITLE INTRODUCTION PROBLEMS OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TECHNICAL VIEWS METHODOLOGY COMPARISON OF RESULTS APPLICATIONS LITERATURE VIEW PROJECT STATUS
CONTENT
![Page 5: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL
STRESS ON
ALUMINIUM SILICONCARBIDE COMPOSITES
![Page 6: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
INTRODUCTION
Heat transfer plays a important role in the performance of atomic reactors, rockets and jet engines and development work in progress.
The post-war era has consequently seen a substantial increase in the interest shown in the thermal properties of materials particularly in determinations of thermal conductivity..
In this work the thermal stress of Aluminium silicon carbide composites was analyzed .Effort was taken to prove the thermal conductivity of adding SiC with Aluminium.
![Page 7: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
•The thermal conductivity of materials is defined as the amount of energy conducted through a body of unit area and unit thickness in unit time or heat flow per unit time across unit area when temperature gradient is unity.
• K = (Q/A) × (dx/dt)Where• K – Thermal Conductivity (W/mK)• Q – Heat transfer (W)• dx/dt – Temperature gradient
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
![Page 8: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
•Thermal conductivity of material is due to flow of free electrons and lattice vibrational waves.
•Thermal conductivity in case of pure metal is the highest e.g. (Copper 385W/mK, silver 410w/mK﴿ it decreases with increase impurity.
•Thermal conductivity of a metal varies considerably when it is heat treated or mechanically processed.
•Thermal conductivity of most metal decreases with the increase in temperature.
REGARDING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
![Page 9: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
THERMAL STRESS Stress introduced by uniform or non
uniform temperature change in a structure or material which is constrained against expansion or contraction.
![Page 10: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
• A composite material is a combination of two or more materials having compositional variation and properties distinctively different from those of individual materials of the composite.
COMPOSITE MATERIAL
![Page 11: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
PROBLEMS To determine the thermal conductivity of a composite
material is experimentally difficult.
For a composite material it is difficult to analyze the thermal stress in experimental method.
We need experimental results which were already proved.
![Page 12: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
OBJECTIVES To analyze the thermal stress for a
composite material-Aluminum silicon carbide
To find a methodology to prove the thermal conductivity of a composite material.
![Page 13: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
TRANSFER THE READINGS TO ANALYSIS METHOD
REFER THE READINGS FROM EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS TRANSIENT STATE ANALYSIS
COUPLED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS GRAPHICAL METHOD
USING ANSYS & HYPERMESH
PROJECT VIEW
![Page 14: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
![Page 15: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
REFERENCE PROJECT TITLE “DETERMINATION OF
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS”
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT BATCH 2005-2009
![Page 16: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
![Page 17: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WORKING PROCEDURE This method is a comparative one the unknown thermal
conductivity of the material was measured with the reference of materials whose thermal conductivities are known. Such reference materials were Aluminium, Castiron, and Stainless steel.
The initial cooling rate of various materials was found out. From the initial cooling rate, material can be identified as higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal conductivity whose thermal conductivities were already known.
![Page 18: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
PROCEDURE Now the graph was drawn between thermal conductivity
Vs cooling rate. The thermal comparator embodying cones were placed
in a Muffle furnace Controlled at any temperature and left to attain equilibrium.
This was indicated by the reading of the differentially connected thermocouples being zero or within a few µv of these values.
Meanwhile the samples to be tested were positioned on an insulating blanket and allowed to come into equilibrium with room.
![Page 19: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
PROCEDURE . The initial 70°C and equivalent microvolt readings of
differentially connected thermocouples were noted and subsequent readings were taken every 15 seconds after contact had been established.
The test was made on materials of higher thermal conductivity to lower thermal conductivity such as Aluminium, Castiron, Stainless steel And also Aluminium Silicon carbide with various proportion of SiC (5%, 10%, 15%).
![Page 20: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Material: AlSiC (SiC 5%)
S.No Time(sec)
Temperature (°C) Avg.Temp(°C)
VoltmeterReading
(µv)
TrialI
TrialII
TrialIII
1. 15 68 68 67 67.67 2752
2. 30 66 66 66 66 2679
3. 45 64 65 65 64.67 2626
4. 60 63 63 64 63.67 2585
5. 75 62 61 63 62 2517
![Page 21: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
COOLING RATE Vs THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AlSiC (SiC 5%)
COOLING RATE [v ]
thermal conductivity 151.67 W/mK
![Page 22: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
• Aluminium silicon carbide is one of the composite materials whose thermal stress is to be analyzed in this project.• Basically metal matrix composites can be manufactured in three methods such as • Liquid phase processes• Solid phase processes• Liquid/Solid phase processes
SPECIMEN
![Page 23: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
AlSiC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Element%
Si 6.5 - 7.5
Fe 0.2
Cu 0.2
Mn 0.1
Mg 0.2 - 0.45
Zn 0.1
Ti 0.2
Al Remaining
SiC 25
![Page 24: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
ANALYSIS METHOD
![Page 25: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
TECHNICAL VIEWS HYPER MESH
For modelling and meshing the material
ANSYS
Steady state thermal analysis
Transient thermal analysis
Coupled structural analysis
![Page 26: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
THERMAL ANALYSIS TYPES
STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS
TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS
![Page 27: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
METHODOLOGY To create the shell of the specimen in
HYPER MESH. Conversion of model from hyper mesh to
ansys. Conduct steady state thermal analysis Apply the method of coupled structural
analysis. Then conduct Transient state analysis.
![Page 28: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
HYPER MESH- PROCEDURE
Create a profile. Choose element – SHELL 57. Apply the values. Mesh the element. Export the values from hyper mesh to
ansys.
![Page 29: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
•SHELL57 is a three-dimensional element having in-plane thermal conduction capability. •The element has four nodes with a single degree of freedom, temperature, at each node. •The conducting shell element is applicable to a three-dimensional, steady-state or transient thermal analysis
ELEMENT FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS
![Page 31: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
•SOLID185 is used for the three-dimensional modeling of solid structures.
• The element is defined by eight nodes having three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions.
ELEMENT FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
![Page 32: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
SOLID185
![Page 33: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
, "A sequentially coupled physics analysis is the combination of analyses from different engineering disciplines which interact to solve a global engineering problem. For convenience, ...the solutions and procedures associated with a particular engineering discipline [will be referred to as] a physics analysis. When the input of one physics analysis depends on the results from another analysis, the analyses are coupled."
COUPLED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
![Page 34: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Thermal Environment - Create Geometry and Define Thermal Properties1.Give a TitleUtility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Thermal Stress Example2.Open preprocessor menuANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor/PREP73.Define KeypointsPreprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...K,#,x,y,z
COUPLED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS-PROCEDURE
![Page 35: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
4.Create LinesPreprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active cs
5.Define the Type of ElementPreprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
![Page 36: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Define Real ConstantsPreprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...In the 'Real Constants for LINK33' window, enter the following geometric properties:
Define Element Material PropertiesPreprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic
![Page 37: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
MODELLING IN HYPER MESH
SPECIFICATION OF SHELL L=150mm;B=50mm;T=10mm
![Page 38: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
PROPERTY VALUES Young’s modulus 1.15*e5 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio 0.3 Density 2.88*e-9 t/mm2
Thermal expansion 0.000015mm/0 C
![Page 39: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
APPLYING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
![Page 40: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Define Mesh SizePreprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...Mesh the framePreprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All' Write EnvironmentThe thermal environment (the geometry and thermal properties) is now fully described and can be written to memory to be used at a later time
![Page 41: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > WriteIn the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK.
Clear EnvironmentPreprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK
![Page 42: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Structural Environment - Define Physical PropertiesSince the geometry of the problem has already been defined in the previous steps, all that is required is to detail the structural variables.
Switch Element TypePreprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem TypeChoose Thermal to Struc from the srcoll down list.
![Page 43: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Define Element Material PropertiesPreprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > IsotropicThe properties are from mat website density-2.88*10^-9 t/mm^2 E=115 Gpa
![Page 44: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
1.Write EnvironmentThe structural environment is now fully described. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > WriteIn the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct
Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and SolvingDefine Analysis TypeSolution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > StaticANTYPE,0Read in the Thermal EnvironmentSolution > Physics > Environment > ReadChoose thermal and click OK.
![Page 45: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
•Apply Constraints•Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints•Solve the System•Solution > Solve > Current LSSOLVE•Close the Solution Menu•Main Menu > Finish
![Page 46: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Read in the Structural EnvironmentSolution > Physics > Environment > ReadChoose struct and click OK.Apply ConstraintsSolution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On KeypointsInclude Thermal EffectsSolution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Therm Analy
![Page 47: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Define Reference TemperaturePreprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp
1.Solve the SystemSolution > Solve > Current LSSOLVE
![Page 48: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
COUPLED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS -NODAL SOLUTION
STRESS
![Page 49: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
![Page 50: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
TRANSIENT STATE ANALYSIS
![Page 51: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
COMPARISON OF RESULTS
S.NO TIME IN S EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
TEMPERATRE(°C)
ANALYSIS METHOD
TEMPERATURE(°C)
1 15 67.67 68.01
2 30 66 66.8
3 45 64.67 64.8
4 60 63.67 64.01
THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AT 151.67W/mK.
![Page 52: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
It was found that the temperature readings from experimental method and the temperature readings from analysis method are same at thermal conductivity 151.67 W/mK. Thus the thermal conductivity was proved that 151.67W/mK for aluminium siliconcarbide composites
A technique has been proposed using analysis method to prove the thermal conductivity of a composite material whose thermal conductivity is unknown.
CONCLUSIONS
![Page 53: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
CONCLUSIONS
The thermal stress of AlSiC was analyzed an the maximum stress value obtained was 0.02539 N/mm2.
The thermal conductivity and thermal stress can be analyzed at unsteady state condition also.
![Page 54: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
APPLICATIONS It can be used to evaluate performance of
atomic reactors, jet engines, rockets. It can be applicable to check the thermal
conductivity of a composite material. It is used to calculate the thermal stability
of a composite material. AlSiC is used for both structural and
electronic applications.
![Page 55: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
LITERATURE VIEW Mr.R.W.POWELL,D.Sc,Ph.D National Physical Laboratory,Teddington.
MAT WEBSITE for material properties.
ANSYS TUTORIAL ANSYS EUROPE Ltd
![Page 56: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project can be used to find out the thermal conductivity of various materials.
This can be used to determine the thickness and bonding resistance.
This method can also be used for the identification of materials.
It will plays a vital role in thermal fields.
![Page 57: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
TIME PERIOD PROJECT WORK
DECEMBER 2009 COLLECTION OF DETAILS
JANUARY 2010 STEADY STATE ANALSIS & COUPLED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
FEBRUARY 2010 TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS
MARCH 2010 DOCUMENTATION
![Page 58: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
0% 20% 40% 60%
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
WORK
TIME CHART
![Page 59: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
COST ESTIMATION DOCCUMENTATION Rs 1000
![Page 60: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
PROJECT PLACE
A.V.C
COLLEGE
OF
ENGINEERING
![Page 61: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
![Page 62: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
? ? ? ?
?
?
![Page 63: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
THERMAL COMPARATOR
![Page 64: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
The Wedemkann and Franz law, regarding thermal and electrical conductivities of a material, states as follows
The ratio of thermal and electrical conductivities is the same
for all metal at the same temperature, and that the ratio is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the metal.
Mathematically (K/σ) α T )or) (K /σ) T=C Where K= Thermal conductivity of metal at temperature T﴾k﴿, Σ = Electrical conductivity of metal at temperature T﴾k﴿, c = Constant referred as Lorenz number c = 2.45×10-8 WΩ/k² T = Temperature in k
![Page 65: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
![Page 66: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
WORKING PROCEDURE This method is a comparative one the unknown thermal
conductivity of the material was measured with the reference of materials whose thermal conductivities are known. Such reference materials were Aluminium, Castiron, and Stainless steel.
The initial cooling rate of various materials was found out. From the initial cooling rate, material can be identified as higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal conductivity whose thermal conductivities were already known.
![Page 67: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
THERMAL DISTRIBUTION
![Page 68: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
PHOTOGRAPHS
![Page 69: 16 TH APRIL 2010 PROJECT PRESENTATION](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56812a77550346895d8dff63/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69