Download - 16 05 JMC Fire Hazards
Fire and Combustible Hazards
By Senthil Kumaran
Lead Consultant, Jai Maaruthi Consultaant
Content
Introduction
Fire Accidents
Fire Triangle
Types of Fire
Fire Hazards
Fire Prevention
Introduction – Jai Maaruthi Consultaant
Business and Management System Consultancy
3rd Party product inspection agency
Training Provider – QEHS, Management and Systems
Professionally managed by experienced technocrats
Consultants with average experience of more than 25 years.
Trainer Credential
QEHS Professional with 24+ years of industrial experience
International exposure – ASEAN / China / Europe
Lead Auditor – QMS / EMS / OHSAS (IRCA Registered ) / EnMS
Six Sigma Black Belt
Singapore government registered Safety Officer / FSM / ECO
Singapore government approved Safety Trainer
Safety Auditor / NMO / NCO / LS / WAH Sup / Rigger / Signalman
Conduced more than 150 safety audits internationally
Have more than 1000 hrs of training experience
Fire Accidents
Construction site of Tanjong Pagar Centre, Anson Road,
Singapore
Evening rush hour on Thursday (March 3)
Columns of black smoke rising taller than the 290m building, as
well as underground into parts of Tanjong Pagar MRT station
Cause : Small sparks that fell onto the steel cutting
Location : Construction materials occupying an area of about
10m by 10m
Taken from http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/fire-outside-international-plaza on 26.05.2016
Fire Triangle
Fuel
Oxygen Heat
Energy necessary to ignite the fuel
Oxygen in air : 21%Fire needs 16% only
Any combustible material
Energy required to increase the temp of fuel to its flash
point
Fuel - Combustible Materials Gases and Vapors
Acetylene
LPG (Propane, Butane, Pentane)
LNG (Methane)
Paint Vapors
Gases given off from crude petroleum, sludge, etc
Fuel - Combustible Materials Solid Fuel
Wood
Plastic
Paper
Rubber, etc
Fuel - Combustible Materials Liquid Fuel
Crude Oil
Lubricating Oil
Hydraulic Oil
Paint Solvent, etc
Heat – Ignition Source
Types of FireClass AOrdinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
Types of Fire
Class BFlammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
Types of Fire
Class C
Class D
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes and power tools.
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium, and sodium.
Fire Hazards
Under the Fire Safety Act, of Singapore, Fire Hazard means any matter or circumstance which materially increases
the likelihood of fire or
the danger to life or property
that would result from the outbreak of fire
Fire Hazards
a. any alteration to any building in contravention of any law relating to
building works or fire safety works such as might render escape in the
event of fire more difficult;
b. the overcrowding of any public building or any building used occasionally
or regularly for public worship or religious ceremonies such as might
render escape in the event of fire more difficult;
c. any removal from any building of any fire safety measure which was
provided in such building in accordance with plans approved by the
Commissioner under section 23;
Fire Hazards
d. the presence in any building of any fire safety measure which from lack of
proper maintenance or for any other reason is not in efficient working
order;
e. the obstruction of escape routes, passageways , common property or
limited common property of any building such as might render escape in
the event of fire more difficult; and
f. any other matter or circumstance which would materially hamper the Force
in the discharge of its duties in the event of fire;
Fire Hazards Fuel (Combustible material)
Cardboard / papers
Heat (ignition source) Electrical panel
Fire Hazards Fuel (Combustible material)
Paint Materials
Heat (ignition source) Electrical panel
Fire Hazards Fuel (Combustible material)
Cardboard / papers
Heat (ignition source) Electrical motors
Fire Hazards Fuel (Combustible material)
Polythene papers
Heat (ignition source) Flame hardening
Fire Hazards Exit way blocked
Fire Hazards Obstruction of means of escape
Fire Hazards Storage of combustible materials without FE
Fire Hazards Wrong storage of gas cylinders
Fire Prevention Programs
Purpose : to eliminate, if not, reduce the causes of fire and prevent loss of
life and property. Cause of fires is often a result of human action bringing fuel and an
ignition source together. Hence, fire prevention inevitable means changing human behaviour
through fire safety training and education and most importantly the
support from top management. A fire prevention program does not need to be sophisticated.
Fire Prevention Programs
Basic Elements:
1. Identification of potential fire hazards
2. Maintenance of the fire protection equipment/system
3. Proper handling and storage procedures
4. Maintenance of equipment and machinery
5. Periodic inspection
6. Housekeeping
7. Proper waste management
8. Training
Types of Fire Extinguishers
CLASS A only
CLASS B & C
CLASSA, B & C
Water CO2 Dry Chemical
Danger of electric shock if used on live conductor
Disperse Quickly – Continue applying after the fire is out
Good for general use & reduce risk of regeneration
Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers
Aim at
the Base
Allow to squeeze the handle in order to discharge theextinguisher
If not aiming base then the agent will pass through the flames
1.
2.
Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers
Release the pressurized extinguishing agent
Cover the entire area that is on fire Continue until fire is extinguished
3.
4.
Safe Fire Fighting
Never Fight a Fire if you don't know what is burning If you don't know what is burning, you don't know what type of extinguisher to
use. Even if you have an ABC extinguisher, there may be something in the fire
which is going to explode or produce highly toxic smoke
Never Fight a fire if you don't have adequate or appropriate
equipment If you don't have the correct type or large enough extinguisher, it is best not to
try to fight the fire
Safe Fire Fighting
Never Fight a Fire if the fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot
where it started The time to use an extinguisher is in the incipient, or beginning, stages of a
fire.
If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building,
closing doors and windows behind you as you leave.
Never fight a fire if you might inhale toxic smoke If the fire is producing large amounts of smoke that you would have to breathe
in order to fight it, it is best not to try. Gases from man made materials can be fatal in very small amounts.
Safe Fire Fighting
The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of
escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put
out a fire. In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens, you
need to be able to get out quickly, and you don't want to become trapped. Just
remember, always keep an exit at your back.
Q & A
Thank you YOU’VE BEEN A WONDERFUL AUDIENCE