![Page 1: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
11Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 2: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22
Africanized HoneybeesBIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 3: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
33
Collared Doves
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 4: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
44
Rapid Changes in Response to…BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 5: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
55
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 6: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
66
Dispersal in Rivers and Streams
• Stream dwellers have mechanisms to allow them to maintain their stream position.– – –
• Tend to get washed downstream in spates.– Muller hypothesized populations maintained via…
•
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 7: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
77
Dispersal in Rivers and StreamsBIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 8: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
88
Metapopulations
• A __________________ is made up of a group of subpopulations living on patches of habitat connected by an exchange of individuals.– Alpine Butterfly - Roland et al.– Lesser Kestrels - Serrano and Tella.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 9: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
99
Patterns of Survival
• Three main methods of estimation:– • Identify individuals born at same time and keep records
from birth.– • Record age at death of individuals.
– • Calculate difference in proportion of individuals in each
age class.• Assumes differences from mortality.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 10: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1010
High Survival Among the Young
• Murie collected Dall Sheep skulls, Ovis dalli.– Major Assumption: Proportion of skulls in each
age class represented typical proportion of individuals dying at that age.• Reasonable given sample size of 608.
– Constructed ____________________.• Discovered bi-modal mortality.
– <1 yr.– 9-13 yrs.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 11: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1111
Survivorship Curves
• __________: Majority of mortality occurs among older individuals. –
• __________: Constant rate of survival throughout lifetime.–
• __________: High mortality among young, followed by high survivorship.–
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 12: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1212
Survivorship CurvesBIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 13: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1313
Age Distribution
• Age distribution of a population reflects its history of survival, reproduction, and growth potential.
• Miller published data on age distribution of white oak (Quercus alba).– Determined relationship between age and trunk
diameter.– Age distribution biased towards young trees.• Sufficient reproduction for replacement.
– Stable population
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 14: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1414
Age Distribution
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
What can you say about this population?
![Page 15: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1515
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 16: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1616
Age Distribution
• Rio Grande Cottonwood populations (Populus deltoides wislizenii) are declining.– – Reproduction depends on …• •
– Because floods are absent, there are now fewer germination areas.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 17: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1717
Rates of Population Change
• ____________: Number of young born per female.
• _____________________: Tabulation of birth rates for females of different ages.
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics
![Page 18: 11 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649de85503460f94ae23f9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1818
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology – Population Dynamics