Download - 10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction
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10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction
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Limits to Cell SizeLarge cells, more demands
What is information overload?
Exchanging materialsSurface area to vol. ratioTrouble getting in and out
Cell Division – 2 daughters
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Cell Division and ReproductionAsexual Reproduction
One parent No Fuss, No Muss Quick and Efficient (Survival)
Sexual Reproduction Two Parents Gametes (sex cells) Genetic Variation Limit seasonal reproduction
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10.2 The Process of Cell Division
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Chromosomes Why is it necessary for cells to have their info
bundled?
What is the role of the chromosome in cell division? To separate DNA precisely during cell division
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Chromosomes Amt. of DNA – Where located DNA Coils Histone proteins
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The Cell CycleGrows
Prepares for Division
Divides (two daughter cells)
ProkaryotesRapid (binary fission)Copy DNA (when they reach a
certain size)
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The Cell CycleEukaryotes
Four phases G1 phase
Cell Growth S phase
DNA replication G2 phase
Prep for Mitosis M phase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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MitosisProphase
Condense, chromosomes visible, spindle
Centromere (chrom. Attach.) Chromatid (sisters) Centrioles (related to spindle)
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MitosisMetaphase
Centromeres line up in the center
Spindles attach to centromeres Two poles
Anaphase Chromatids separate Move to opposites ends
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis Telophase (end of mitosis)
Opposite of Prophase Chromosome spread out Nuclear envelope reappears Spindle breaks up Nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis Div. of cytoplasm Plants vs. Animals Plant CellAnimal Cell
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10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
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Controls on Cell DivisionRegulated by Proteins
When you have an injury cells must divide to repairRegulatory Proteins or
cyclins.Internal regulatorsExternal regulators
(IR) Make sure chromosomes are duplicated
(IR)Programmed cell death Apoptosis
Development Parkinson’s
(ER) Growth Factors – due to injury
(ER) Growth Inhibitors so cells do not get too crowded
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Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth Disorder where cells lose control
of growth Do not respond to normal signals Tumor – not all are cancerous
Malignant or Benign Defective genes (p53)
Treatments Local, radiation, chemotherapy
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10.4 Cell Differentiation
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From One Cell to ManyEmbryo – Developmental stage
Differentiation – cells specialized Can be mapped
Determines when a cell becomes specialized
Mammals have factors that give them flexibility as to when specialization occurs
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Stem Cells and Development Types of cells in Development
Totipotent (all cells) Blastocyst forms
Inner cell mass Pluripotent (most cells)
Embryonic stem cells Multipotent (many types)
Adult stem cells Depends on where the come
from