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SAP Infrastructure

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SAP Infrastructure

SAP system landscape

Servers and software

Physical facilities Data center

Network infrastructure

Operating systems and DBMS

SAP Technical Support Organization

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Course Organization

Infrastructure

Organization

Infrastructure

SAP

Technology

NetWeaverSAP System

LandscapeData Center TSO

Basic SAP

Technology

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The SAP Solution Stack

Network InfrastructureRack and other Physical Mounting Infrastructure

Cooling and Conditioning InfrastructurePower Infrastructure

SAPGUI/Client Components/Browser ComponentsVarious SAP Integration/Touch Points

WebAS and ITS/IIS ComponentsSAP Application Server LayerSAP Database Server Layer

SAP Central Instance Layer

Database-specific Updates/Service Packs/PatchesDatabase Layer

OS H igh Availability Layer (clustering, etc.)OS & HW-Specific Driver Overlays

OS Service Packs/PatchesOperating System Layer

Disk Subsystem HBA LayerDisk Subsystem/SAN Interconnects, Switches, Cables

Disk Subsystem/SAN Firmware LayerDisk Subsystem/SAN Hardware Layer

Server FirmwareServer/CPU/RAM/Local Disk Hardware

The SAP Solution Stack

Hardware PlatformsFujitsu, HP, IBM, Sun, Dell, etc.

Operating SystemsAIX, HP-UX, Windows, Solaris,

Tru64, OS/400, zOS

Databases Supported

Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, MySQL,MaxDB

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The SAP Solution Stack Options

Source: Wikipedia.com

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SAP System Landscape

The system landscape consists of the servers in theSAP implementation

A central repository of system information used byall SAP applications to find connection information

The system landscape includes production servers

but also many servers that are required to ensurethat the production servers are isolated from theresults of training, development, testing and otherdisasters

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System Landscape Directory

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SLDs for Dev/QA and Production

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SAP System Landscape

Technical Sandbox

Used by technical support team to practiceand to perfect configuration and tuning the

SAP solution stack

Used to test installations, upgrades, backupand restore processes, hands-on training, etc.

Should be identical to production system froma functional standpoint

Business Sandbox

Used by development team (ABAP, HTML,

Java, etc)

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SAP System Landscape

Development System Continuing SAP configuration and/or customization,

maintenance, and steady-state updates/bug fixes

Originator of business-process-related configurationand customization changes that will be promoted tothe production system

Test/QA System Used for integration and testing of business process

configuration changes Changes created in the development system are

promoted here and thoroughly tested

Technical changes are made here if no technicalsandbox exists

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SAP System Landscape

Training system

Used for training end users

Smaller organizations often use the Test/QA server

Staging system

Last stop for changes in largest or mission-critical

implementations

Functionally and physically identical to productionsystem

Subjected to stress/load tests and other performance

tests

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SAP System Landscape

Production system

Supports business groups

Disaster recovery system Used when the costs of downtime exceeds

cost of maintaining the system

Identical to the production system but located

in a different physical location

Data and processes are replicated from

production

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SAP System Landscape

Not all systems are implemented in all

companies

A three-system landscape would includedevelopment, test/QA, and production

systems

A four-system landscape would include the

three above plus a DR/Staging system or

technical sandbox

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SAP One Server

For small organizations SAP provides

Multiple Components in One Box (MCOD)

and the SAP One Server solution

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Course Organization

Infrastructure

Organization

Infrastructure

SAP

Technology

NetWeaverSAP System

LandscapeData Center TSO

Basic SAP

Technology

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Standardization

Standards are the most important tool for avoidingproblems

Every aspect of the data center operation should be

subject to rigorous standards, for example: Server names

IP addressing

Disk naming

Color coding cables Standard hardware and software

Standard processes

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Data Center Physical Facilities

Adequate, robust, redundant power facilities

Environmental controls

Physical security Well designed rack layout

Robust network infrastructure

Cable management systems

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Disaster Recovery and High Availability

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Causes of Downtime

Application failure

Operator error

Operating system failure Hardware failure

Power outages

Natural disasters

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High Availability vs. Disaster Recover

High availability is tactical

Disaster recovery is strategic

Both require analysis of total cost of ownership or

return on investment to determine the amount of

unplanned downtime that is allowable

Both add complexity and constrain system

landscape options Both implemented at all layers of the solution stack

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HA Objectives

HA is measured in terms of the percentage of

time that a system is available

95% - >18 days 99% - 4 days

99.9% - 9 hours

99.999% - 5.5 minutes

95% is easy but will cost people their jobs,

99.999% (five nines) may be very expensive

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Availability Planning

HA and DR objectives must be tied to businessrequirements

Which business processes are critical?

What is the cost of downtime in critical processes? TCO and ROI drive HA and DR planning

How much does each option cost and what are thepotential savings?

Its the responsibility of the solution architect tooversee HA and DR since it affects every level ofthe solution stack

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High Availability

Ensuring HA boils down to eliminating Single

Points of Failure (SPOF) in the solution stack

This involves providing redundancy ofvulnerable components

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Data Center

UPS and redundant power systems

Redundant environmental controls

Redundant network infrastructures

Disaster Recovery often involves redundant data

centers that are mirror images

Often only core business processes are duplicated

Duplicate data centers are cost justified by usingthem for development as well as pre-upgrade

testing/staging

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Servers

Servers should have inside the box

redundancy of components that are hot

swappable when possible

Power supplies

RAID Drives

Disk controllers

CPUs

Error code correcting (ECC) RAM

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Servers

Outside the box HA features include server

clustering

Clusters are collections of servers andstorage systems that are combined into a

single virtual system via clustering software

From the outside, the cluster appears to be a

single server but internally work loads are

allocated across all servers

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SAP Components

Most critical component (besides the database) isthe Central Instance (CI)

CI resides on one of the basis servers and

coordinates communication among all SAPcomponents

The CI should reside on a highly available server

SAP is cluster aware meaning that each instance of

the CI in a server cluster maintains state informationon all processes

If fail-over occurs the new CI can pick up where theold one left off (called active/active clustering)

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HA Switchover Cluster

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Disk Subsystems

Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive/Independent

Disks (RAID)

RAID systems duplicate data across multiple disks

HA disk controllers

Battery backed on-board caches

Storage system clusters with remote data centers

Storage area networks (SAN) Data networks dedicated to accessing permanent

storage

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Database Systems

Most DBMS have features that provide for

duplicating the database independent of

other duplication technologies (i.e. RAID)

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Disaster Recovery

Administrative organization and processes for DRshould be formalized and tested Recovery manager

Communication liaison

Technical recovery team

Review/certification manager

A DR crash kit should be prepared including allsoftware (application, utilities, etc.), documentation,

procedures for recovery Documentation becomes critical after a disaster

Personnel should be thoroughly trained and haveperiod refreshers on procedures