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CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CONFLICTS
The American Revolution
Do Now!
Do people have the right to protest against a government they feel is
oppressive?
Is rebellion legitimate in this case?Even if it is considered treason?
Spotlight Video
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Background of Colonial America
American colonies Controlled by Britain Jamestown
Established 1607 First British-American colony
Other Important Colonies 1620 – Plymouth, MA (the Pilgrims) 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony 1634 – Maryland 1636 – Providence, RI
Seven Years’ War
Global military conflict Between 1756 and 1763 Fought on several fronts
European American
Involving most of the great powers Affecting North and Central America Europe West African coast India Philippines
Conflict in the Americas “The French and Indian War
French and Indian War
Britain vs. France (1740s) Over American territory Ohio River Valley General George Washington
Led British troops against France Forced to surrender at Fort Necessity
Albany Conference Meeting with colonists and Iroquois Indians Accomplishments:
No alliance, Iroquois stay neutral Appoint supreme colonial army commander
Albany Plan of Union Proposed colonies unite to form a federal government Benjamin Franklin* Plan rejected
1759 – British Victory Reinforcements from Britain Defeat France in Quebec City, New France
Map of the Seven Years’ War
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect (1607 – 1763) Undocumented, long-standing No strict enforcement of parliamentary law Keep American colonies obedient to Britain
Robert Walpole Prime Minister “If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would
flourish”Navigation Acts not enforced
Established under Oliver Cromwell & Charles II Colonists trade only with England, Scotland & Ireland
Which were also under Britain's control
Ended with the Seven Years’ War
British Oppression
Sugar Act (1764) Imported raw sugar and molasses New tax on silk, wine, coffee, indigo Seizure of goods without due process*
Currency Act (1764) Banned use of paper money in colonies Tended to lose value quickly
Quartering Act (1765) Goal – Make colonies pay for their own defense Colonists provide barracks for British troops
Stamp Act (1765) Tax on all printed materials Direct Tax – paid directly to Parliament
Declaratory Act (1766) Parliament only makes colonial law
Townsend Act (1767) Raise property taxes in colonies
Early Talk of Rebellion
“No Taxation without Representation!” Colonial slogan Unfair to pay, when they have no say
Sons of Liberty (1765) Organized meetings and protests Try to intimidate stamp distributers
Stamp Act Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances Political representatives, not parliament, had the right
to tax Asked King George and parliament to revoke Stamp
Act
Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 British killed 5 colonial men
Spark rebellion in some British colonies Leads to American Revolutionary War
British increase in troops in Boston Led to tense situation Erupted into brawls between soldiers &
civilians Troops fired after being threatened by mob
Colonial Casualties 3 civilians were killed at the scene 11 injured 2 died after the incident
AMERICAN COLONISTS DEMAND FREEDOMTHE REVOLUTION BEGINS
The American Revolution
American Revolution Video
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The Revolution Begins
Gaspee Affair Smuggling issue (RI)
Gaspee = British ship Suspect trials in Britain
Committee of Correspondence Jefferson All colonies communicate about British
Boston Tea party Boston, MA Tea Act (May, 1773)
Tax on tea Help East India Trading Company
Tea Party (Dec, 1773) Colonists dump tea in to harbor Dressed as Native Americans
The Revolution Begins (2)
Coercive Acts (1774) Laws applied only to MA What it did:
Shut Boston Harbor (pay for tea) Government officials appointed, not elected Banned town meetings British soldier trials in Britain Expand Quartering Act
Became “Intolerable Acts”1st Continental Congress
September 5, 1774 Philadelphia, PA 55 delegates form 12 colonies Discuss revolution 2nd meeting May 1775
Loyalists Patriots
“Torries”Loyal to the King
(Britain)Who:
Government officials Anglican ministers Frontier farmers
Fought Patriot boycotts 20% of adults when the
war started
“Whigs”British = tyrantsWho:
Wide variety Farmers Merchants Artisans Lawyers
Strong in New England30-40 %of adults when
the war started
A Divided Colonial America
Lexington and Concord
April 1775 British to arrest rebellious colonists March to Concord 700 Troops Secret Plan
Colonist response Know about the secret Paul Revere
Sent to spread the alarm “The British are coming!”
Lexington and Concord Site of first battles “The shot heard around the world”
Map of the First battles
THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA
The American Revolution
STOP
The Declaration of Independence
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