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Women & Heart Disease
Julia C. Orri, Ph.D.Biol. 330
November 21, 2006
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Objectives
List the trends in heart disease for women Name the risk factors for CAD Define atherosclerosis, MI Compare MI signs between men and women Explain gender differences in heart disease Describe strategies to decrease CAD risk in
women
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233,88641,566
67,894
American Heart Association, 2006
Deaths From Breast Cancer, CAD, and lung Cancer (2003)
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Women & CVD
Only 13% of women in America believe that CAD and stroke are the greatest health threats to women.
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CDC, 2006
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Women & CVD Facts Nearly 39% of all female deaths occur
from CVD The death rate due to CVD is substantially
higher in African American women than in Caucasian women
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38% of women compared to 25% of men will die within 1 year after a heart attack.
0
5
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25
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Gender?
American Heart Association, 2006
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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Americans Age 20 and Older by Age and SexNHANES: 1999-2002
11.222.9
36.2
86.4
52.9
68.577.8
6.217.6
36.6
56.5
75.0
0102030405060708090100
20-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
Ages
Pe
rce
nt
of
Po
pu
lati
on
Males Females
American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2005 Update
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ALOHA to Heart Disease
A- Assess your risk
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Positive Risk Factors for CAD
Family history Hypercholesterolemia Hypertension Cigarette smoking Impaired fasting glucose Obesity Physical inactivity
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Quiz
Holly, 42 years old MI
Runner Non-smoker Non-HT Low cholesterol
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Daily Physical Activity (PA)
Every U.S. adult should accumulate 30 min or moreof moderate-intensity physical activity on most,
preferably all, days of the week.(U.S Surgeon General, CDC, ACSM)
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ALOHA to Heart Disease
A- Assess your risk L- Lifestyle change O- Other interventions H- Highest risk women: highest priority A- Avoid…
Mosca. Circulation, 2004; 109: 158-160
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LDLDIABETES MELLITUSHTSMOKING
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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Normal?
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
AtherosclerosisNormal
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CAD (con’t)
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CAD (con’t)
Atherosclerosis Plaque narrows coronary arteries Results in ischemia Leads to myocardial infarction (MI)
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Thrombosis of Coronary Artery
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CAD (con’t)
MyocardialInfarction
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
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MI Signs
Severe chest pain/pressure Sweating, nausea, vomiting cardiac enzymes ECG changes
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The Female Heart
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What’s your diagnosis?
Stella, aged 68 Symptoms
Sleep disturbance Unexplained fatigue SOB Indigestion/nausea Pain in back and high chest
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The Female Heart 38.2 million women
have CVD Silent MI more
common Atypical chest pain Delayed diagnosis Underutilized
prevention & research
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Female Heart (con’t)
45 million women older than 50 yr
Smoking cessation rates declining slower than among men
Abdominal obesity 3-7x in CAD risk if
diabetic
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More visceralabdominal fat(light) = greaterhealth risk
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Female Heart (con’t)
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Gender
WomenMen
Worse prognosis for women with CAD than men Women had 2x in-hospital mortality rate Age, size of coronary arteries, severity of
sickness at presentation
Fatalityrate
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Take-Home Message Women have worse prognosis and die
more often than men after MI or bypass CAD is largely preventable Major emphasis on lifestyle
modifications: smoking cessation, regular PA, maintenance of healthy weight, lipid lowering therapy