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The influence of gender on The Disability The influence of gender on The Disability Creation Process : Creation Process :
Cat
heri n
e D
ixon
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SOCIAL PARTICIPATIONAccording to roles and tasks given to men and women within the community
Environmental factors
Interaction
Personal factors
Human development model
Intrinsic
Including sexe and gender
Extrinsic
Including gender
(RIPPH, 1996)
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Environmental factors
Life habits
Interaction
Disability Creation Process (RIPPH, 1996)
Social participation Disabling situation
Personal factors
Organic systems
Integrity org. impairment
Aptitudes
capacity funct. impairment Facilitator Obstacle
Risk factors
Cause
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Risk factors
Cause« A risk factor is an element belonging to an individual or resulting from the environment that is liable to cause a disease, a trauma or any other form of deterioration in a person’s integrity or development. »Risks factors are sometimes different for men and women.
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How Sexe and Gender influence How Sexe and Gender influence Risk factorsRisk factors
1 – Biological risks : sex Eg. disability caused by pregnancy and delivery (18
millions women/year)
2 – Risks related to the physical environment: repartition of tasks within the
society (gender) Eg. Mine affected area around water point
3 – Risks related to social organisation : cultural and social practices
(gender) Eg :Female genital mutilation, professional risk, domestic
accident
4 – Risks related to individual and social behaviour: How individual behave
according to what is expected by society. Eg: road accident
The main categories:
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Facteur de risque
Cause
« A personal factor is a characteristic belonging to a person, such as age, sex, socio-cultural identity (including gender), organic systems, aptitudes, etc. »
Personal factors
Organic systems Aptitudes
Capacity funct.impairmentIntegrity org.impairment
Risk factor
Cause
« An organic system is a group of body components with a shared function. »
«An impairment corresponds to the degree of anatomical, histological (structure) or physiological (functioning) deterioration to an organic system. »
« An aptitude is the possibility for a
person to accomplish a
physical or mental activity. »
Some aptitudes are also attributed by
sex:-giving birth for a women (aptitude
related to reproduction)
-be strong for a man (aptitude related to
resistance and protection)
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
« An environmental factor is a social or physical dimension that determines the organisation and the context of a society. » Gender is an environmental factor that conditions roles and responsibilities of men and women« A facilitator is an environmental factor that promotes the realisation of life habits. »
« An obstacle is an environmental factor that reduces the realisation of life habits
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
• Some beliefs and cultural perceptions can render women with disabilities ineligible to marriage and motherhood.
Stereotypes on gender and disability and some cultural practices (eg. dowry) represent environmental obstacles
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
In some cultural contexts the presence of female health workers facilitate the attendance of rehabilitation centers by women
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Sexual harassment and gender based violence in school environment hamper disabled girls’ access to school
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Equal rights !
An efficient law to facilitate insertion of people with disability and which promote gender equality will have a significant impact on how women and men experience their disability.
Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Family can be a major facilitator
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Environmental factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Family environment is a major factor (overprotection, control, support…) The knowledge of the allocation of tasks, powers and responsibilities within the household between men and women is essential
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Life habits
Social participation Disabling situation
« A life habit is an everyday activity
or a social role which relates to and is valued by the person or his/her socio-cultural context according to his/her characteristics (age, sex, identity, etc.). It ensures a person’s survival and well-being »Gender conditions women and men’s life habits. Gender keep them in specific roles and tasks (reproductive role, productive role, community role etc..)
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Examples differ with the cultural contexts
Social participation Disabling situation
A situation of social participation corresponds to the full realisation of life habits. Some of those habits are conditioned by gender
Women:
Looking after children
Domestic tasks
Field labour
Supplying in basic goods
dancing
Men:
Working
Protecting his family
Cattle raising
Attending school
Exercing sport
Life habits
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QuestionsQuestions