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The Canterbury Tales
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Map of England
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Thomas Becket
• Born in 1118 in Normandy
• Father was English merchant/former Sheriff in London
• Family was well off
• Was charming, intelligent, diplomatic
• Archbishop Theobold sent Becket to Paris to study law and when he returned, Theobold made him Archdeacon of Canterbury.
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Becket’s Big Break
• Was introduced to King Henry II
• They became great friends
• Henry II named Becket his Chancellor
• When Archbishop Theobold died in 1161, Henry II made Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury.
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What A Scoundrel!
• Henry named Becket Archbishop because he saw this as an opportunity to increase his influence over the Church by naming his friend to the highest church post in the land.
• One problem: Becket was never ordained as a priest.
• NO PROBLEM: Henry invested Becket as a priest; the next day (June 2, 1162) he was ordained a Bishop, and that same day was made Archbishop.
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Do you think Henry easily imposed his will upon the church?
• Nope!• Becket’s allegiance shifted from government to the
Church.
• In these days, religious clerics were tried in a church court if they did something wrong. Henry didn’t like this because a Canon accused of murder was acquitted by a church court.
• Henry set out to change the law and Becket refused to agree to the changes in the law.
• Henry summoned Becket to court and demanded to know what Becket did with a large sum of money.
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Becket Sure Is Smart!
• Becket fled to France because he knew something bad was brewing.
• Remained in exile for six years.
• The friends seemed to resolve their dispute in 1170 when Henry and Becket met in Normandy.
• On Nov. 30, Becket crossed the English Channel to return to his post at Canterbury.
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Uh Oh. Not Again!
• Earlier, while in France, Becket had excommunicated the Bishops of London and Salisbury for their support of the king.
• Becket refused to absolve the bishops when he returned to Canterbury.
• This really made Henry mad!
• He supposedly said:
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“What sluggards, what cowards have I brought up in my court, who care nothing but for their
allegiance to their lord. Who will rid me of this meddlesome pries
t.”
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Here They Come!
• Henry’s outrage inspired four knights to sail to England to rid the country of Becket.
• They arrived at Canterbury during the afternoon of December 29 and immediately searched for Becket.
• Becket fled to the Cathedral where a service was in progress.
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The Murder• The knights found
Archbishop Becket at the altar, drew their swords, and began hacking at their victim finally splitting his skull.
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So What Happened?
• Becket’s death made King Henry mad.
• The knights who did the deed to curry the king’s favor, fell into disgrace.
• There was talk of several miracles occurring at Becket’s tomb.
• Pilgrims began transforming Canterbury Cathedral into a shrine.
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The Canterbury Cathedral