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Teaching for Safety Trainers
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OSHA Training Guidelines (OSHA 2254 1998)
A. Determine if Training is Needed B. Identify Training Needs C. Identify Goals an Objectives D. Developing Learning Activities E. Conduct the Training F. Evaluating Program Effectiveness G. Improving the Program H. Training must align with Job Tasks
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Tips for Motivating Adult Learners
Involving them in assessing and evaluating training needs
Respect the Time: Keep training short and focused
Tell them upfront the goal and objective of training, and what they will gain from training
Ask them to share their experiences and validate the importance of experience
Give them opportunities of self-directed learning Measure retention of learning through quizzes
and other methods Share summaries of results and feedback
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Teaching Adults: Tools for Safety Trainers
Objectives
At the completion of this session, participants will be able to:
Apply principles of adult learning.
Identify the key elements of andragogy.
Apply Dale’s Cone of Learning to create safety training
Create safety training that effectively reaches adults
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Adult Learning Principles
Definitions
Andragogy- the art and science of helping adults learn.
Pedagogy- the art and science of helping children learn.
Adult Learner- a person more than 18 years old who seeks new skills or information and who exhibits self-direction and autonomy.
Self-direction- the opportunity for a person to determine the ways in which he/she will learn.
Autonomy- achieving the state of self-directed learning and independence.
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Adult Learning Principles
Definitions
Learning – 1. the act, process or experience of gaining knowledge or skill.2. Knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study.3. Psychology. Behavioral Modification especially through experience or conditioning. 4. Dental. The process of acquiring knowledge or skill by means of study, practice and/or experience.
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Adult Learning Principles
Personal Check-In: Individual Reflection
Learning CharacteristicsList your last five learning experiences. Hint:
Learning need not occur in a formal setting.
Beside each experience, note one way this learning impacted your personal growth.
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Adult Learning Principles
Personal Check-In: Individual Reflection
Physical Characteristics1. Rank each of the following statements on a scale of 1 to 5: 5 if
it is very true for you, 1 if it is totally false. I’ve noticed that my vision is deteriorating. _____ My reaction time is slower than it was five years ago. _____ I don’t hear as well today as I did five years ago. _____ Health concerns are a major life stressor for me. _____ I seem to tire more easily than I used to. _____ I need more light to read now than when I was younger. _____
2. When you are learning, what physical, environmental, and geographic factors are important to you?
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Adult Learning Principles
Personal Check-In: Individual Reflection
Roles and Relationships Characteristics
Answer the following questions. What groups have you been a part of this week? What roles have you played in each group? Circle the groups or roles which give you the best
sense of self-esteem. Which of these roles were in conflict this week? Which of these roles would not have been part of
your life five years ago?
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Adult Learning Principles
Icebreaker: Adult Learners
Things I know about adult learners…
What I need to know about adult learners…
Adult learns are different from younger learners because…
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Adult Learning Principles
Adult Learning Principles
1. Adults are motivated to learn as they develop needs
and interests generated by real life tasks or problems.
2. Adult orientation to learning is life- or work-centered.
3. Experience is the richest resource for adult learning.
4. Adults have a deep need to be self-directing.
5. Individual differences among adult learners increase
with age and experience.
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Adult Learning Principles
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Learning Characteristics
1. Need to know WHY they need to learn something
2. Adult learning is often self-initiated and aimed at an immediate goal. See learning as Problem Solving.
3. Adults learn and process materials in a variety of ways. Learn through experience.
4. People have preferences in subject matter or skills.
5. Learn best when the topic is of immediate value.
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Adult Learning Principles
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Experiential Characteristics
1. No adult is the same as any other adult because each has a unique past and a unique perception of that past.
2. An adult’s self-concept is the product of past experiences.
3. Through experiences and past decisions, adults narrow the possibilities open to them in the future.
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Adult Learning Principles
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Physical Characteristics
1. The adult body enters a catabolic (breaking down) process.
2. Adults have habits.
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Adult Learning Principles
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Role and Relationship Characteristics1. Adults belong to many groups and play many roles during a
single day and during a lifetime.
2. The motivational needs of adults change in different roles with different developmental tasks. These needs affect relationships.
3. Adults have relationship preferences that influence their sense of self and affect decisions and actions.
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Adult Learning Principles
Reality Practice
Return to the Personal Check-In: Individual Reflection. In small groups, identify the characteristics which affect the adults with whom you work.
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase andAge Range Life Events Life Focus
Leave Home 18-24
Enter college Start full-time job Attend/complete college Find partner
Seek independence andautonomy
Define identity Make new friends
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase andAge Range Life Events Life Focus
Step into AdultWorld24-32
Establish home Be selected for a job Join community
activities Marry (option) Become a parent
(option)
Consider self as adult Develop capacity for
intimacy Create a life structure Build a dream Choose a mentor
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase andAge Range Life Events Life Focus
Search forStability32-36
Marry (option) Become a parent
(option) Establish children in
school Perhaps return to school Career progress/change
Reexamine relationships,life, commitments
Strive for success Clarify personal goals Set life goals
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase and Age Range
Life Events
Life Focus
Come into One’s Own 36-45
Possible separation, divorce, remarriage
Break from mentor Possible big promotion Responsibility for 3
generations
Face reality Acknowledge process of
aging, mortality Reassess relationships,
priorities, values
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase and Age Range
Life Events
Life Focus
Settle In 45-60
Settle into height of career
Become mentor Launch children Active community
service Beginning physical
changes
Value one’s choices, lifestyle
Reexamine fit between lifestyle and self
Increased self-awareness and sense of competence
Accomplish life goals
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase andAge Range Life Events Life Focus
Second Wind60-70
Loss of partner Health challenges Retirement Volunteer work as
routine Enjoy grandchildren
Accept and adjust toaging
Accomplish life goals Find comfort in self Strong connection to
partner
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Adult Learning Principles
Phases of Adult Growth
Phase andAge Range Life Events Life Focus
Mellowing70+
Increased leisure time Changes in finances New housing situation Loss of partner/friends Shift in daily routine
Search for acceptancerather than despair
Possible disengagementfrom activities
Preparation for loss ofpartner
Review accomplishments
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Adult Learning Principles
Checking Out
1. List three characteristics which impacted your learning today. Example: physical—hard chair is uncomfortable or windows to outside help me feel less confined
2. What is one new learning about adult learners that you take away today?
3. How does your life phase affect your motivation to learn new things?
4. Explain how you will apply new knowledge about adult learning to your work with trainees and other adults in the next week.