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Presented By
RASHMI SINHA
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ENERGY SCENARIO
Energy is one of the major input for theeconomic development of any country.
Energy can be classified as:
Renewable Energy: example wind power, solarenergy, hydroelectric energy etc
Non Renewable Energy: example coal, oil, andgas which are likely to deplete with time.
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Global Non Renewable Energy Reserve
World Oil and Gas reserve are estimated to last for45 years and 65 years respectively
Coal is likely to last a little over 200 years
Coal reserve estimated to be 9,84,453 million ton by end 2003
Oil reserve estimated to be 1147 billion barrels by end 2003
Gas reserve estimated to be 176 trillion cubic meter by end2003
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Solar energy can be used as a
source of heat and light and
can be used to generate electricity
Solar energy is the energy that
comes from the sun that supports
life on earth as we know it
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Beyond the raw cost of fuel there are the Hidden Costs from our dependence on
Fossil Fuels
The limited reserve of fossil fuels with the rising cost of it and global warming issue
is no longer under debate &, Renewable Energy must become an option!
Some of these costs are:
Water and Land Pollution
environmental concerns over the climate changerisks associated with power generation using fossil fuels
Macro Economic Costs National Security (over dependence onimports from a limited number of countries)
Air Pollution (air pollutant from combustion of fossilfuels e.g. SO2, NO, CO, Hydrocarbons, Benzene etc)
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Solar power systems installed in the areas defined by the dark disks could meetthe world's current total energy demand
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Huge potential of solarin India
Means near
about 300clear sunny
days
Most of thepart
receive aninsolation of
4-5kWh/sq/m
tr/day
5,000 TrillionkWh solarenergy
incidents/year on Indianmainland
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CrystallineSilicon
Amorphous
Silicon
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What is Solar Energy
Solar energy is derived from solar radiation.
Technology to harvest solar energy comes in many forms Photovoltaic systems (Provides electricity) Solar thermal (provides space heating or hot water) Concentrating solar systems.
This presentation focuses on solar photovoltaicsystems..
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An Illustration of a Solar Voltaic System
1: Solar panels
2: Inverter
3: An Electric Meter
4: Home Electricity/Load
5: Utility grid.
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Solar Photovoltaic Elementsfrom Previous Slide
1: Solar panels: Collect the suns energy and covert it into direct current(DC) electricity. The number of panels you need is determined by yourelectricity needs.
2: An inverter: Converts the electricity from DC to alternating current(AC) electricity for use in your home.
3: An electric meter: Displays net power usage. When you generatemore than you use, your meters spins backwards lowering your electricity
bills.
4: You produce your own electricity to be used throughout yourhome
5: Utility Grid:All excess electricity generated by system goes to UtilityGrid.
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Stand-Alone PV Systems Stand-alone PV systems are designed to operate
independent of the electric utility grid
Supply DC and/or AC electrical loads
The simplest type of stand-alone PV system is a direct-coupled system, where the DC output of a PV module orarray is directly connected to a DC load
Since there are no batteries involved in direct load systems,stand-alone PV systems are suitable for such processes asheating and pumping water, ventilation fans,
etcAlthough they can only work in the day.
Stand-Alone systems may also power AC loads such asbatteries. Like the AC adapter which powers your laptop.
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Grid-connected or Utility-Connected
Grid-connected or utility-interactive PV systems aredesigned to operate in parallel with andinterconnected with the electric utility grid.
These system contain an inverter, called a powerconditioning unit (PCU) which converts the DC powerproduced by the PV array into AC power synchronised
with the voltage and power quality requirements of theutility grid.
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Solar Energy OverviewWhat factors can affect solar electricity production?
OrientationA tilted , south facing orientation is best for fixed
systems Location Temperature Shadowing (no shadows best) Cleanliness of panels (dirt on panel impedes sunlight) Inverter efficiency System age (systems degrades but typically at < 1% per year) Wiring and other electrical losses (typically 3%)
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Solar Energy OverviewReasons to Consider a Photovoltaic System
Indian governments offer considerable subsidies to offset cost
of system. Incentives covers small residential systems to large
commercial power plants
Systems typically offer 25 years of energy production.
Protect against rising electricity costs.
Offers the ability to reduce or completely eliminate electricbills
No emissions
No fuel required
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In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comesfourth after Japan, Germany and U.S. (WithInstalled capacity of 110 MW)
In the area of Photovoltaic, India today is the secondlargest manufacturer in the world of PV panels basedon crystalline solar cells.(Industrial production in this area has reached a level
of 11 MW per year which is about 10% of the worldstotal PV production)
A major drive has also been initiated by theGovernment to export Indian PV products, systems,technologies and services(Solar Photovoltaic plant and equipment has beenexported to countries in the Middle East and Africa)
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Arid regions receive plentiful solar
radiation, regions like Rajasthan,
Gujarat and Haryana receive sunlight
in plenty.
IREDA is planning to electrify 18,000villages by year 2012 mainly through
solar PV systems
Targets have been set for the large
scale utilization of PV technology by
different sectors within the next fiveyears
The Delhi Government has
decided to make use of solar power
compulsory for lighting up hoardings
and for street lighting
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Relevance of Solar Energy in India
Energy Security
Depleting coal reserves
Dependence on the imported coal, natural gas
Environmentalconcerns
Despite of having lowest per capita pollution in the world, India a biggestpolluter due to high population
International pressure on country to reduce GHGs and switch to Cleanersources
Power supplydeficit,
scalability
Energy deficit levels in India have been Consistently high, Bridging the demandsupply gap is must to sustain the current levels of economic growth.
India has huge solar potential so solar energy is scalable.
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Goal - Installation of 20, 000 MW till 2022
Timeline
3 phase approach
Phase -1(up to 2012-13), aims to commission 1000MW of grid-connected
solar projects by 2013.
Phase-2 ( up to 201317),
Phase-3 (up to 201722)
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30% increase in global manufacturing of solar cells every year
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No matter what the future will be like, one thing is for
certain: some type of energy will be needed to power it.
Solar Wonders, 2007 Florida Solar
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2007 Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research institute of the University of Central Florida.www.greenecoenergy.co.in
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The house of the future?This zero-energy
house in theNetherlands has
30m2
of PV panelsfor powergeneration and12m2 of solarcollectors for
water and spaceheating.
Solar Wonders, 2007 Florida Solar
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2007 Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research institute of the University of Central Florida.www.greenecoenergy.co.in
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