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11
Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Constituents by OMI on EOS Aura
Satellite
Pawan K BhartiaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,
USA
Split Antarctic O3 Hole Mapped by EP/TOMS
Presented at Met Svc of Canada/EC, Downsview, ON on Jan 10, ‘06
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22
1st Map of Antarctic O1st Map of Antarctic O33 Hole Hole
•Made in late 1984
•Presented 3 months after Farman et al. Nature paper in Czechoslovakia
•First published in NY Times
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33
SH O3 field 1982 vs. 1970
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44
Seasonal O3 Change
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55
Greatly raised awareness of the OGreatly raised awareness of the O33
depletion problem among public, depletion problem among public, policymakers, and scientists*policymakers, and scientists*
*Perhaps disproportionately to other environmental issues
Impact #1
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66
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77
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88
Greatly spurred research* in Greatly spurred research* in Atmospheric Chemistry (1986-2000)Atmospheric Chemistry (1986-2000)
*Lab kinetics, modeling, ground-based, aircraft and satellite instruments
Impact #2
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99
Total OTotal O33 maps provide bottom-line maps provide bottom-line
numbers for models to explain*numbers for models to explain*
*but do not make direct contribution in improving models
Impact #3
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1010
Comparison with Goddard Coupled Chemistry GCM
model
measurement
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1111
Impact of satellite OImpact of satellite O33 maps maps
Visually Compelling Visually Compelling • Raised worldwide awareness of the ORaised worldwide awareness of the O33
depletion problemdepletion problem MotivatingMotivating
• Spurred research in atm chemistrySpurred research in atm chemistry Model Selection/ValidationModel Selection/Validation
• Provides confidence in model Provides confidence in model predictionspredictions
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1212
EOS AURAEOS AURAEOS AURAEOS AURA Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98oo inclination, inclination,
ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004 AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. Six Year Spacecraft LifeSix Year Spacecraft Life
Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98oo inclination, inclination, ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.ascending 1:45 PM +/- 15 min. equator crossing time.
Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004Launch Vehicle: Delta 7920 from VAFB, July 15, 2004 AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. AURA follows AQUA in the same orbit by 15 minutes. Six Year Spacecraft LifeSix Year Spacecraft Life
MLSMLS
OMIOMITESTES
HIRDLSHIRDLS
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1313
OMI Measurement GeometryOMI Measurement Geometry
Horizontal resolution better than TOMS, spectral information better than GOME
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1414
Extend and Enhance TOMS Record*Extend and Enhance TOMS Record*
*Total Column O3
Volcanic SO2
Dust and SmokeSurface UV
Tropospheric O3 column
OMI: Objective #1
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1515
Evolution of Polar OzoneEvolution of Polar Ozone
OMI data points
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1616
Volcanic Sulfur DioxideVolcanic Sulfur Dioxide
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1717
SOSO22 from explosive eruptions from explosive eruptions
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1818
SOSO22 from Manam (Papua New Guinea) volcano from Manam (Papua New Guinea) volcano
eruption: January 27-28 2005eruption: January 27-28 2005
OMI is >10 times more sensitive to SO2 than TOMS, and unlike AIRS, can see SO2 over clouds
TOMS
OMI
AIRS
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1919
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Note the the passage of a typhoon
Anatahan (N. Mariana Is.) volcano eruption: July 2005Anatahan (N. Mariana Is.) volcano eruption: July 2005
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2020
PPassive degassing of volcanic SOassive degassing of volcanic SO22
observed by OMIobserved by OMI
Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu (16.25ºS, 168.12ºE) on February 20, 2005.
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2121
Dust and SmokeDust and Smoke
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2222
Western Fires June 25, 2002
Earth-Probe/TOMS: Aerosol Index
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2323
•No other satellite technique measures
aerosol absorption with comparable accuracy
• Quality of data comparable to best
ground-based instruments
Aerosol abs. opt. thickness time SeriesAerosol abs. opt. thickness time Series
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2424
OMI Aerosol IndexOMI Aerosol Index
July 2005 Saharan Dust Storm as seen by OMI
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2525
Aerosol Detection in presence of Aerosol Detection in presence of cloudsclouds
OMI Aerosol Index (color)OMI reflectivity (B/W)
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2626
Aqua-MODISOMI
Estimation of Aerosol Abs. Opt. thickness Estimation of Aerosol Abs. Opt. thickness
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2727
Aerosol Index Absorption OT
Extinction OTSingle Scattering Albedo
Estimation of Aerosol Properties Estimation of Aerosol Properties
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2828
Extinction Optical Depth Aqua-MODIS RGB
Absorption Optical Depth Single Scattering Albedo
no abs
ext
Smoke over Alaska (Aug 21, 2004)
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2929
Biomass Burning Aerosols over Australia (Nov 10, 2004)
OMI Extinction Optical Depth OMI Absorption Optical Depth
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3030
Surface UVSurface UV
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3131
Comparison with Toronto Brewer (Eck et al.)
Global UVB Map (Herman et al.)
Estimation of Surface UV
Given satellite total O3 UV can be calculated to ~1% in clear-sky, unpolluted conditions
Given satellite reflectivity mean monthly UV can be calculated to ~5% in cloudy, unpolluted conditions
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3232
Effect of pollution, smoke & dust on UVB can be large and difficult to estimate
During the afternoon of July 6, 2002 smoke absorbed up to 95% of UV at Toronto.
TOMS/OMI can estimate absorption due to elevated aerosols to ~5% (~10% for BL aerosols).
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3333
Tropospheric Column Tropospheric Column OzoneOzone
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3434
OO33 Above Deep Convective Clouds in Above Deep Convective Clouds in
PacificPacific
OO33 Above Deep Convective Clouds in Above Deep Convective Clouds in
PacificPacificFrom: Observation of near-zero O3 concentrations over the convective Pacific: Effects on air chemistry, Kley et al., Science, Oct 1996.
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3535
Strat Column OStrat Column O33 from TOMS and SAGE from TOMS and SAGEStrat Column OStrat Column O33 from TOMS and SAGE from TOMS and SAGE
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3636
Trop OTrop O33 Column from Cloud Slicing Column from Cloud SlicingTrop OTrop O33 Column from Cloud Slicing Column from Cloud Slicing
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3737
Tropospheric Column OTropospheric Column O33 from OMI/MLS from OMI/MLS
Total O3 - Strat Column O3
October 2004
July 2005
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3838
OMI/MLS and GMI model comparisonsOMI/MLS and GMI model comparisons
OMI/MLS Sept ‘04-Aug ‘05 GMI 5-year average
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3939
Provide daily global coverage at urban scale Provide daily global coverage at urban scale resolution for trace gases related to AQ* resolution for trace gases related to AQ*
measured by GOME/SCIAMACHYmeasured by GOME/SCIAMACHY
* Trop NO2
Anthropogenic SO2
HCHO
OMI: Objective #2
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4040
2003 Mean trop NO2003 Mean trop NO22 from SCIAMACHY from SCIAMACHY
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4141
Daily global NODaily global NO22 pollution seen by OMI pollution seen by OMI
November 12, 2004November 12, 2004
J. Gleason/GSFCJ. Gleason/GSFC
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4242
OMI Tropospheric NOOMI Tropospheric NO22
Aug 22, 2005
assuming 1.5 km BL
Gleason/GSFC
5.62.8ppbv
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4343
SOSO22 from lignite-burning power plants in the from lignite-burning power plants in the Balkan regionBalkan region
[Eisinger and Burrows, GRL 1998]
GOME Feb ‘98 OMI Feb ‘05
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4444
SOSO22 concentrations concentrations in Chinain China
• 70% of China’s energy is derived from coal burning
• SO2 emissions increased at a rate 35%/decade in 1979-2000
• China’s sulfate aerosol loading has increased by 17%/decade in 1979-2000 [Massie, Torres and Smith 2004]
• 65,000 SO2 tons/day emitted in 1995 [Streets & Waldhof, 2000]
OMI 12/24/04
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4545
OMI HCHO OMI HCHO Chance & Kuruso
MODIS Fire Counts MODIS Fire Counts
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4646
OMI Performance SummaryOMI Performance Summary
Continues the TOMS record of total OContinues the TOMS record of total O33, , UVB, Volcanic SOUVB, Volcanic SO22, UV-absorbing aerosols , UV-absorbing aerosols and trop Oand trop O3 3 with higher accuracy and with higher accuracy and precision.precision.
Provides daily global maps of several trace Provides daily global maps of several trace gases related to AQ (NOgases related to AQ (NO22, SO, SO22, HCHO) with , HCHO) with higher spatial/temporal resolution than higher spatial/temporal resolution than GOME & SCIAMACHY. GOME & SCIAMACHY.
Provides useful information about BrO, Provides useful information about BrO, OCLO, and perhaps CHOCHO. OCLO, and perhaps CHOCHO.