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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Week 12Week 12April 19April 19
• Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a FormEmbedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form• Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
A Few Easy StepsA Few Easy Steps
• In Graphics BuilderIn Graphics Builder– Build the first graphBuild the first graph– Build the drill-down graphBuild the drill-down graph– Create the Create the ogrogr file file
• In Form BuilderIn Form Builder– Create the chart item that will receive the graphCreate the chart item that will receive the graph– Create the push button and add the PL/SQL codeCreate the push button and add the PL/SQL code– Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL
codecode– Test the formTest the form
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Build the First GraphBuild the First Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Table DescriptionsTable Descriptions
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
SQL for Pie ChartSQL for Pie Chart
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Data Model for Pie ChartData Model for Pie Chart
Click on “Execute”Click on “Execute”
Paste the SQL into the text boxPaste the SQL into the text box
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Data Set for the GraphData Set for the Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select Graph Type and SubtypeSelect Graph Type and Subtype
Pie chart
3D pie chart
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select the Independent VariableSelect the Independent Variable
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select the Dependent VariableSelect the Dependent Variable
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Initial GraphInitial Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Group Small Slices TogetherGroup Small Slices Together
Click on a pie slice,Right-mouse click, and Select Frame
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select
Enter a value
Click on OKClick on OK
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
New GraphNew Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Build the Drill-Down GraphBuild the Drill-Down Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Query for the Line GraphQuery for the Line Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Click on the pie slice, Click on the pie slice, Right-mouse click, and Right-mouse click, and Select PropertiesSelect Properties
Start Building the GraphStart Building the Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select “Drill-down” tabSelect “Drill-down” tab
Click on “New”Click on “New”
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Enter the parameter Enter the parameter (host variable) name (host variable) name and an initial valueand an initial value
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select a column name Select a column name (or alias) from the list of (or alias) from the list of items (to set the host items (to set the host variable to)variable to)
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Enter SQL for the second graphEnter SQL for the second graph
Host variableHost variable
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Data Set for the Line GraphData Set for the Line Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Add the Drill-Down GraphAdd the Drill-Down Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select the Graph Type and SubtypeSelect the Graph Type and Subtype
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Change to “Month”Change to “Month”
Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”
Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
New SettingsNew Settings
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select the Dependent VariableSelect the Dependent Variable
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Initial GraphInitial Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Test the GraphTest the Graph
Default or initial valueDefault or initial value
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Line Graph for AtlanticLine Graph for Atlantic
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Line Graph for GRP RecordsLine Graph for GRP Records
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Generate the OGR FileGenerate the OGR File
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
In Form BuilderIn Form Builder
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Attach og.pll to the libraryAttach og.pll to the library
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Select “Build a new chart manually”
Create the Chart ItemCreate the Chart Item
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
New Chart ItemNew Chart Item
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Object NavigatorObject Navigator
Note the block and item names Note the block and item names (will be used in the PL/SQL)(will be used in the PL/SQL)
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Create the Trigger for the Push ButtonCreate the Trigger for the Push Button
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
PL/SQL to Launch the GraphPL/SQL to Launch the Graph
og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option) og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option)
clip-option clip-option True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)
refresh-optionrefresh-option True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap display)display)
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Create the Trigger for the Next Drill-DownCreate the Trigger for the Next Drill-Down
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
PL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-DownPL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-Down
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Test the Form and GraphTest the Form and Graph
Initial graphInitial graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
After Adjusting the Form and GraphAfter Adjusting the Form and Graph
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Drill-DownDrill-Down
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Draw a white line to give a false right side of the graphDraw a white line to give a false right side of the graph
Hint to Making Graph FitHint to Making Graph Fit
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Information SystemsInformation Systems
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Support the completion and monitoring of an Support the completion and monitoring of an organization’s transactionsorganization’s transactions
– Generation of standard documents and reportsGeneration of standard documents and reports
– Objectives:Objectives:
• To process with a high degree of accuracyTo process with a high degree of accuracy
• To generate documents and reports in a timely To generate documents and reports in a timely mannermanner
• To increase and/or enhance servicesTo increase and/or enhance services
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Information SystemsInformation Systems
– Objectives (cont.)Objectives (cont.)
• To increase labor efficiency and productivityTo increase labor efficiency and productivity
• To maintain data and information integrityTo maintain data and information integrity
• To increase revenuesTo increase revenues
• To reduce costsTo reduce costs
• To support more efficient and effective operationsTo support more efficient and effective operations
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Ten Characteristics of TPSTen Characteristics of TPS
• Large amount of inputLarge amount of input
• Large amount of outputLarge amount of output
• Large number of users impacted by the systemLarge number of users impacted by the system
• Need for efficient processingNeed for efficient processing
• Large storage requirementsLarge storage requirements
• Fast input and output capabilitiesFast input and output capabilities
• Low computational complexityLow computational complexity
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Ten Characteristics of TPSTen Characteristics of TPS
((Cont.Cont.))
• High degree of repetition in processingHigh degree of repetition in processing
• High potential for security-related problemsHigh potential for security-related problems
• Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS failsfails
Do all information systems work this way?Do all information systems work this way?
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial Information RequirementsInformation Requirements
Sour
ceSo
urce
Inte
rnal
Inte
rnal
Ext
erna
lE
xter
nal
Scop
eSc
ope
Wel
l def
ined
Wel
l def
ined
Wid
eW
ide
Det
aile
dD
etai
led
Agg
rega
teA
ggre
gate
Tim
e H
oriz
onT
ime
Hor
izon
His
tori
cal
His
tori
cal
Futu
reFu
ture
Cur
renc
yC
urre
ncy
Qui
te o
ldQ
uite
old
Ver
y fr
eque
ntV
ery
freq
uent
Infr
eque
ntIn
freq
uent
Freq
uenc
y of
Use
Freq
uenc
y of
Use
Req
uire
d A
ccur
acy
Req
uire
d A
ccur
acy
Hig
hH
igh
Hig
hH
igh
Low
Low
Strategic Strategic PlanningPlanning
Hig
hly
curr
ent
Hig
hly
curr
ent
Lev
el o
f A
ggre
gati
onL
evel
of
Agg
rega
tion
Management Management ControlControl
Operational Operational ControlControl
Information RequirementsInformation Requirements
Data are organizational resources and Data are organizational resources and must be properly managed.must be properly managed.
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Levels of ManagementLevels of Management
• Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning
"Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of "Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of these resources."these resources."
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Levels of Management Levels of Management (Cont.)(Cont.)
• Management controlManagement control
"Management control is the process by which managers "Management control is the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's objectives."objectives."
• Operational controlOperational control
"Operation control is the process of assuring that specific "Operation control is the process of assuring that specific tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."
Anthony, 1965Anthony, 1965
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Operational Operational PlanPlan
Operational Operational PlanPlan
Planning within the OrganizationPlanning within the Organization
Tactical PlanTactical PlanTactical PlanTactical Plan
Strategic PlanStrategic PlanStrategic PlanStrategic Plan
ManagementManagement
ControlControl
OperationalOperational
ControlControl
StrategicStrategic
PlanningPlanning
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Decision Decision Making TasksMaking Tasks
Decision Decision Making TasksMaking Tasks
Managerial Managerial TasksTasks
Managerial Managerial TasksTasks
Managerial Tasks and Decision MakingManagerial Tasks and Decision Making
ManagementManagement
ControlControl
OperationalOperational
ControlControl
StrategicStrategic
PlanningPlanning
Management Management LevelLevel
ActivitiesActivities
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Decision Making in the OrganizationDecision Making in the OrganizationT
ypes
of
Dec
isio
ns
Typ
es o
f D
ecis
ion
s StructuredStructured
Semi-StructuredSemi-Structured
UntructuredUntructured
Operational Operational ControlControl
Management Management ControlControl
Strategic Strategic PlaningPlaning
Management Level Management Level
Greater OpportunitiesGreater Opportunities
Greater OpportunitiesGreater Opportunities
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
EISEIS
• ““An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the stated and external information relevant to meeting the stated goals of the organization.”goals of the organization.”
Marakus, 1999Marakus, 1999
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common EIS CharacteristicsCommon EIS Characteristics
• Used directly by top-level executivesUsed directly by top-level executives
• Tailored to individual executive usersTailored to individual executive users
• Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no training to usetraining to use
• Focused on supporting upper-level management decisionsFocused on supporting upper-level management decisions
• Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or textual formatstextual formats
• Provides access to information from a broad range of Provides access to information from a broad range of internal and external sourcesinternal and external sources
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common EIS CharacteristicsCommon EIS Characteristics
((Cont.Cont.))
• Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical informationinformation
• Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down investigation, and ad hoc queriesinvestigation, and ad hoc queries
Marakus, 1999Marakus, 1999
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common Characteristics of ExecutivesCommon Characteristics of Executives
• Manage entire organization or autonomous subunitsManage entire organization or autonomous subunits
• Enterprise-oriented in their thinkingEnterprise-oriented in their thinking
• Possess the broadest span of control in the organizationPossess the broadest span of control in the organization
• Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than day-to-day activitiesday-to-day activities
• Responsible for establishing policiesResponsible for establishing policies
• Represent the organization and its interactions with the Represent the organization and its interactions with the external environmentexternal environment
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common Characteristics of ExecutivesCommon Characteristics of Executives
((Cont.Cont.))
• Their actions can have considerable financial, human and Their actions can have considerable financial, human and business consequencesbusiness consequences
• Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and external issuesexternal issues
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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
EISEIS
Flexibility in accessing informationFlexibility in accessing information