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1Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Session 7InfrastructuresSustainable TechnologiesCMP 117Business Computing:Concepts &Applications
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Chapter 5Infrastructure:
Sustainable Technologies
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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3Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
• SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE– The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS
Infrastructure– Supporting Operations: Information MIS
Infrastructure– Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure
• SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURES– MIS and the Environment– Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS
Infrastructure
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4Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
SECTION 5.1
MIS Infrastructures
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5Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Explain MIS infrastructure and its three primary types
2. Identify the three primary areas associated with an information MIS infrastructure
3. Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure
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6Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets– Hardware– Software– Network– Client– Server
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7Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• Supporting operations– Information MIS infrastructure
• Supporting change– Agile MIS Infrastructure
• Supporting the environment– Sustainable MIS infrastructure
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8Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• Backup and recovery plan• Disaster recovery plan• Business continuity plan
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9Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Backup and Recovery Plan
• Backup – An exact copy of a system’s information
• Recovery – The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure– Fault tolerance– Failover– Failback
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10Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Backup and Recovery Plan• Disaster recovery plan – A detailed
process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood
• Disaster recovery cost curve – Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time
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11Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Backup and Recovery Plan
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12Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Backup and Recovery Plan• Hot site – A separate and fully equipped
facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
• Cold site – A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster
• Warm site – A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration
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13Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Business Continuity Plan
• Business continuity planning (BCP) – A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption– Emergency notification
services
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14Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure– Accessibility– Availability– Maintainability– Portability– Reliability– Scalability– Usability
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15Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Accessibility
• Accessibility – Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system
• Administrator access – Unrestricted access to the entire system
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16Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Availability
• Availability – Time frames when the system is operational
• Unavailable – Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used
• High availability – System is continuously operational at all times
“five 9s” (99.999 percent)
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17Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Maintainability
• Maintainability – How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes
• Organizations must watch today’s business, as well as tomorrow’s, when designing and building systems
• Systems must be flexible enough to meet all types of business changes
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18Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Portability
• Portability – The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms
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19Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Reliability
• Reliability – Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information
• Reliability is another term for accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metrics
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20Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Scalability
• Scalability – How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth
• Performance – Measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction
• Capacity planning – Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance
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21Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Usability
• Usability – The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use
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22Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
SECTION 5.2
Building Sustainable MIS Infrastructures
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23Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Identify the environmental impacts associated with MIS
5. Explain the three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructures along with their business benefits
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24Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• Moore’s Law – Refers to how the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months
• Sustainable, or “green,” MIS – Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment
• Corporate social responsibility – Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society
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25Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Three Primary Side Effects of Businesses’ Expanded Use of Technology
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26Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Increased Electronic Waste• Ewaste – Refers to discarded,
obsolete, or broken electronic devices
• Sustainable MIS disposal – Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle
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27Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Increased Energy Consumption
• Huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumption
• The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an automobile
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28Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Increased Carbon Emissions• The major human-generated greenhouse
gases, such as carbon emissions from energy use, are very likely responsible for the increases in climatic temperature over the past half a century
• When left on continuously, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour
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29Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
• The components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure include– Grid computing– Cloud computing– Virtualized computing
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30Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Grid Computing
• Grid computing - A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem
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31Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing - Refers to the use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the Internet
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32Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Cloud Computing
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• Software as a Service (SaaS)• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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33Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Virtualized Computing
• Virtualization - Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing device
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34Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Virtualized Computing
• Data center – A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems
• Sustainable data centers
– Reduces carbon emissions
– Reduces required floor space
– Chooses geographic location
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35Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Typical Data Center
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36Nassau Community CollegeProf. Vincent Costa
Homework
• Read over Chapter 5 of Information Systems, pp.103-123
• Look at the notes on the slides