![Page 1: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Introductionto
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
OTI 501
Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry
![Page 2: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Industrial Hygiene
“that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers”
![Page 3: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
History
Circa 400 BC– lead toxicity in mining (Hippocrates)
500 years later– Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar– zinc and sulfur hazards– protective mask
![Page 4: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
History
2nd Century AD– Galen
• copper miners exposure to acid mists
1473– Ulrich Ellenbog
• publication n occupational illness in gold miners
![Page 5: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
History
1556– Agricola, German scholar
• diseases of coal miners
• preventive measures
• publication - De Re Metallica
1700’s – Bernardino Ramazzini
• father of industrial hygiene
![Page 6: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
OSH Act of 1970
The purpose of the OSH Act is to
“assure so far as possible every working,
man and woman in the nation safe and
healthful working conditions and to
preserve our human resources.”
![Page 7: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Environmental Factors or Stresses
Chemical hazards
– gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke
Physical hazards
– non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures
![Page 8: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Environmental Factors or Stresses
Ergonomic hazards
– workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions
Biological hazards
– insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses
![Page 9: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Routes of Entry
Inhalation
– airborne contaminants
Absorption
– penetration through the skin
Ingestion
– eating
– drinking
![Page 10: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
OSHA Hierarchy of Control
Engineering controls
Work practice controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
![Page 11: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Types of Exposure
Acute
– Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms
Chronic
– Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms
![Page 12: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Types of Air Contaminants
Particulates
– dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers
– non respirable particles
• > 10 m in diameter
– respirable particles
• < 10 m in diameter
![Page 13: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Types of Air Contaminants
Fumes– volatilized solids condenses in cool air
• < 1.0 m in diameter
– hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide
Mists– suspended solid droplets– generated by a condensation of liquids from a
vapors to a liquid state
![Page 14: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Types of Air Contaminants
Fibers– solid, slender, elongated structures– length several times the diameter
Gases– formless fluids that expand to occupy a space
• arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air
Vapors– liquid changed to vapor
• organic solvents
![Page 15: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Units of Concentration
ppm – parts per million
mg/m3 – milligrams per cubic meter
mppcf– millions or a particle per cubic foot
f/cc– fibers per cubic centimeter
![Page 16: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
OSHA– Occupational Safety and Health Administration
NIOSH– National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health
ACGIH– American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists
![Page 17: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
OSHA– PEL
• permissible exposure limit
NIOSH– REL
• recommended exposure level
ACGIH– TLV
• threshold limit value
![Page 18: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
OSHA
– PEL, STEL, Ceiling
NIOSH
– TWA, STEL, Ceiling
ACGIH
– TWA, STEL, Ceiling
![Page 19: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
TWA
– takes into account variable exposure through a full shift, 8 hour work day
STEL
– limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes
CEILING
– absolute maximum level of exposure not to be exceeded
![Page 20: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants
Legally enforceable
– OSHA PEL
– OSHA AL (action level)
![Page 21: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Air Contaminants
29 CFR 1910.1000– Table Z-1
• Substances with Limits Preceded by “C” - Ceiling Values
– Table Z-2• employee’s exposure to Table Z-1 contaminants shall not
exceed exposure limits listed in Z-2 (TWA and ceiling concentrations)
– Table Z-3• Mineral Dusts
![Page 22: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Hearing Conservation
2.9 million workers experience 8-hours noise exposures > 90 bBA
29 CFR 1910.95
– PEL
• 90 dBA
• 8 hours
• engineering and administrative controls
![Page 23: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Hearing Conservation Program
Mandatory
– at an 8-hour TWA > 85 dBA
Exposure monitoring
Audiometric testing
Hearing protection
Employee training
Recordkeeping
![Page 24: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Hearing Conservation Program
An effective program depends upon
– employers
– supervisors
– employees
– others
![Page 25: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens include
– Hepatitis B
– HIV
– Others
29 CFR 1910.1030
– describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of exposure in the workplace
![Page 26: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Bloodborne Pathogens
29 CFR 1910.1030
– Scope and application
• all employees with occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
– Exposure control plan (ECP)
![Page 27: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Bloodborne Pathogens
29 CFR 1910.1030 - ECP– engineering and work practice controls– personal protective equipment– training– medical surveillance– Hepatitis B vaccinations– signs and labels– other provisions
![Page 28: 1 Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE OTI 501 Trainer Course in Occupational Safety and Health Hazards for General Industry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cff5503460f949cfc78/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Industrial Hygiene
ANTICIPATION RECOGNITION EVALUTION CONTROL