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Introduction to Computers, the Internet and World Wide Web
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• The chief merit of language is clearness. – Galen
Our life is frittered away by detail…. Simplify, simplify.
— Henry David Thoreau
Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all. — John F. Kennedy
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OBJECTIVESIn this chapter you will learn: • Basic hardware and software concepts.• Basic object-technology concepts, such as classes, objects,
attributes, behaviors, encapsulation and inheritance.
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Introduction• Computer
– Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions
• Computer programs– Sets of instructions that control computer’s processing of data– Written by people called computer programmers
• Software– Instructions to command computer to perform actions and make
decisions• Hardware
– Various devices comprising computer• Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, processing units, etc.
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Computer Organization– Input unit • “receive” section• Places data to processed by computer from input
devices
KeyboardMouseScannerBar code reader
Joy stick
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Computer Organization– Output unit • “Shipping” section• Places information processed by computer on output
devices– Screen, printer, networks, etc. – Information can also be used to control other devices
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1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.)
• Six logical units of computer (Cont.)– Memory unit
• Rapid access, relatively low capacity “warehouse” section • Retains information from input unit
– Immediately available for processing• Retains processed information
– Until placed on output devices• Often called memory or primary memory• Make sure all features work• RAM & ROM
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1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.)
• Six logical units of computer (Cont.)
– Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • “Manufacturing” section• Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions
RAM ROM
-lose its contents when turn Off
-Temporary data
-Do not lose its contents when turn off- Retains the basic data needed by the device startup and don’t able to change
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1.3 Computer Organization (Cont.)
• Six logical units of computer (Cont.)– Central processing unit (CPU)
• “Administrative” section• Coordinates and supervises other sections of computer
– Secondary storage unit • Long-term, high-capacity “warehouse” section• Stores inactive programs or data• Secondary storage devices
– Hard drives, CDs, DVDs• Slower to access than primary memory• Less expensive per unit than primary memory
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Control Process Unit
Control Unit
Storage Unit
ALU
Input UnitsOutput Units
Memory Unit
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Motherboard
Case
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Peripherals and ports
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1.6 The Internet and the World Wide Web
• Internet– Global network of computers• Initiated almost four decades ago
– Accessible by computers worldwide today• World Wide Web– Allows computer users to locate and view
multimedia-based documents– Internet has become one of the world’s premier
communication mechanisms