Download - 1 Flowchart
FLOWCHARTING
Flowchart A chart that contains symbols referring to computer operations, describing how the
program performs.
A graphic map of the path of control or data through the operations in a program or an
information-handling system.
Symbols such as squares, diamonds, and ovals represent various operations.
These symbols are connected by lines and arrows to indicate the flow of data or control
from one point to another.
Symbols
Flowlines
indicated by straight lines with optional arrows to show the direction of data flow
the arrowhead is necessary when the flow direction might be in doubt
used to connect blocks by exiting from one and entering another
Terminal box flattened ellipses indicate the start and the end of a module
an ellipse uses the name of the module at the start
the end is indicated by the word end or stop for the top or Control Module
a start has no flowlines entering it and only one exiting it; an end or exit has one
flowline entering it but none exiting it
Initialization Box Initialization box - is used for declaring / initializing variables needed to solve a certain
process. Take note: You can only use variables that are placed inside the Initialization
box.
Declaration - binding of an identifier to the information that relates to it
- stating a variable name to be used
Initialization - to set (a starting value of a variable)
- to prepare (a computer or a printer) for use; boot
- to format (a storage medium, such as a disk)
Variable
A symbol representing such a quantity. For example, in the expression a2 + b2 = c2, a, b,
and c are variables which may represent any value.
Naming Convention
Do not use reserved words as your variable names.
Name your variables close to its functionality.
Always start with a letter.
Bad Variable Names Good Variable Names
High+Low Age
1st_Name First_Name
print Salary
Process box the rectangle indicates a processing block, for such things as calculations, opening and
closing files, and so forth
a processing block has one entrance and one exit
Input/Output box the parallelogram indicates input to and output from the computer memory
an I/O block has one entrance and only one exit
Decision box the diamond indicates a decision
it has one entrance and two and only two exits from the block
one exit is the action when the resultant is TRUE and the other exit is the action when
resultant is FALSE
Connectors the connector block is used as a connection between two sections of a flowchart that is
not adjacent or closely located to each other
Note: These connectors should be used as little as possible. They should be used to
enhance readability. Overuse decreases readability and produces a cluttered effect.
Flowchart Case Study:
Create a flowchart having a variable that is initialized to your
current age. Your flowchart should be able to show your age 5 years from
now.
Create a flowchart having 3 variables. Two of the variables is used
to initialize the Birth Year and the Current Year. The third variable is used
to compute for the current age. Your flowchart should display the age
value.
Flowchart Case Study:
1. Create a flowchart that computes for the circumference of a circle. Assume that the
value for radius is 7.23. Your flowchart should be able to show the value of the
circumference.
2. Create a flowchart that computes for the area of a circle. Assume that the user only
knows the value for diameter. Your flowchart must be able to accept a value for the
diameter and should be able to show the value of the Area.
Additional facts:
The pie value is 3.1416 which is constant and should never be changed. You can
compute the circumference by using this formula 2πR. And area is πR2
Flowchart Case Study:
Create a flowchart that lets the user enter a name,
address, Birthday, Age, Sex, and Phone Number. Your flowchart
should display the variables with the following format:
Create a flowchart that will compute for the Average score of a
student based on three quizzes. The quizzes are entered by the user,
the value may range from 0 to 100. However, the Average may have a
value having decimal places.
Example:
Q1: 98Q2: 79Q3: 88Ave is 83.33
Conditional Statements
What is a Condition? Conditions are statements that result to a Boolean value. The Boolean value may either
be a TRUE or FALSE, 0 or 1 value. Conditions are categorized into two:
1) LOGICAL OPERATORS
2) RELATIONAL OPERATORS
In programming, there are three basic logic operators that you
could use for conditional statements. They are the following:
NOT truth table
The NOT operator reverses the logic or result of a certain condition
AND/OR truth table
Try this!
Relational Operators
Relational Operators are used in order to get the Boolean result of a certain condition.
Boolean Result
The result may be a TRUE or FALSE value, depending on the condition that is being
evaluated.
The Relational Operator may be the following:
Exercise:
Assume that you have variables called X and Y. What would be the results of the conditions if
we were to compare them with different values and different relational operators.
More on Decision Box
It should be noted that what you place inside the diamond box are conditions that
either results to TRUE or FALSE.
Note: You don’t place conditions that are in essay form, you must be able to represent it
in a mathematical form.
Flowchart Case Study:
Draw a flowchart that will let theuser
enter a number, increase the value of the
number by 5 if it is greater than 10, and display
the result. Otherwise do nothing.
Draw a flowchart that will let the user
enter a number, increase the value of the
number by 5 if it is greater than 10, and display the result. Otherwise multiply the value by 5
and display the result.
Draw a flowchart for a college’s
admissions office. Create variables to store
the student’s numeric high school grade
point average and the admission test score.
Print the message “Accept” if the student
has a grade point average of 3.0 or above
and an admission test score of at least 60. If
the student does not meet neither of the
qualification criteria, print “Reject”.
Flowchart Quiz
1. Draw a flowchart that will let the user
enter a character to determine the user’s
gender (Male or Female). Display “Male” if
the user enters the value of ‘M’ and
“Female” for the value of ‘F’. (Assume all
inputs are correct)
2. Draw a flowchart to print “TRUE” if A is greater than B, and C is less than D or if A is greater
than B and D is less than 1. Print “False” if otherwise. (All values are entered by the user).