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Emissions Inventory Overview-Part 1
Melinda Ronca-Battista, ITEP/TAMS Center
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OverviewWhat is an Emissions
Inventory and why do we need one?
Part 1 - EI Fundamentals◦Types of EIs◦Pollutants and Sources◦Outcome is a Level 4 EI: List of
sources and pollutantsPart 2 - EI Advanced
◦Using TEISS calculators and Emission Factors
◦Outcome is a Level 1, 2, or 3 EI, with calculated emissions
◦Reporting
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What is an Emissions Inventory?
Listing of sources and air pollutants in geographic area during specific time periodLevel 4 will just have list Level 1, 2, or 3 have calculated emissions
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How are EI data used?Air quality management tool
◦ Collect baseline data◦ Develop & track emissions control and
management strategiesRegulations developmentAir quality modeling and assessmentPermits
◦ Do you have facilities that need permits?◦ Operating conditions (potential to emit)◦ Fees
Emissions tradingRegulatory compliance
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What are Emissions?Criteria Pollutants
◦ Particulate matter: PM10 and PM2.5
◦ Nitrogen oxides: NOx
◦ Sulfur dioxide: SO2 ◦ Carbon monoxide: CO◦ Lead: Pb
Ozone precursors◦ Ammonia: NH3
◦ Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCsHAPs (Air Toxics)
◦ 187 toxic, carcinogenic compounds without regulated standards
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Criteria PollutantsWhat about Ozone?
◦Ozone is not emitted directly by sources
◦EIs inventory ozone precursors VOCs NOx Both react with sunlight to
form ozone
◦NOx and VOCs get inventoried, but not ozone itself
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HAPs (Air Toxics)187 compounds listed in CAA
including◦Mercury (power plants, coal-fired)◦Perchloroethylene (dry cleaning)◦Benzene (gasoline)◦Chloroform (chlorination plants,
paper mills)◦Methyl Isocyanate (pesticide
manufacturing) Release at Bhopal, India, killed 4,000
people◦The list goes on…
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What are Emission Sources?
Point Sources
On-Road Mobile Sources
Non-Road Mobile Sources
Non-Point Sources (Area Sources)
Based on EPA
Event Sources
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Steps to your EI:
Level 4 EI – Gather Existing Data◦ Everyone should start by doing a
Level 4 EI◦ Compile existing data from the
National Emission Inventory (NEI) Shows air pollution emitting facilities in
your area (point sources) Identifies non-point sources that create
most emissions in your area◦ This first step allows you to see
what is already in the EPA database that has been reported by state and local agencies
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Level 4 EI is outcome of this workshop:Mock EI we will work throughYour EI you work throughMock EI covers:
◦Point◦Nonpoint◦Non-road◦On-road◦Obtain from the EPA’s national database-
the National Emission Inventory (NEI) data
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
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Types of SourcesPoint sources = Stationary sources
Area sources = Non-Point sources
Event SourcesMobile sources
◦On-Road (cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses)
◦Non-Road (off-road equipment)
Biogenic sources
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What is a Point Source?
Individual, stationary sourceEmitting quantities above the
emission threshold Emission thresholds vary
according to type of pollutant and that location’s non-attainment area classification
See EPA’s Air Emission Reporting Requirement (AERR) for federal thresholds
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What is a Point Source?
AERR reporting thresholds are quite high
Many states have lower thresholds
Consider using state thresholds to define your reservation’s point sources◦Makes EI compatible with others in
your area◦Get a more detailed listing of point
sources Example: Busy gas station can be point
source under state thresholds, but not EPA’s
If not a point source, classify as a nonpoint source
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Example: Point Source Thresholds in Tons per Year (tpy)
Pollutant EPA’s AERR Reporting Thresholds
New Mexico Reporting Thresholds
Lead (Pb) ≥0.5 >1PM10 ≥100 >10
PM2.5 ≥100 >10Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
≥100 >10
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
≥1000 >10
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
≥100 >10
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Point Source Characteristics
Large, stationary sources◦Manufacturing or production plants
◦Power plants, refineries◦Large, industrial facilities
A single point source facility can have emissions from ◦Smoke stacks◦Units within directed to stacks
◦Fugitive sources within plant
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Area (Non-Point) Sources
Stationary sources that emit◦ Less than point source
threshold◦ Smaller emitters, but
numerous◦ Often have fugitive
(uncontrollable) emissions
Tend to be sources likeGasoline stationsDry cleanersAuto body/paint shopsUnpaved roads
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Other Nonpoint Sources
Other nonpoint source examples◦Agricultural field burning
◦Residential wood combustion
◦Residential combustion of household waste (backyard burning)
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Event SourcesWildfires and prescribed burning◦Now inventoried as EVENTS
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On-Road Mobile Sources
Vehicles found on roads and highways (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles)◦ 20 volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and metals quantified (Urban Air Toxics)
◦ Diesel particulate matter and diesel exhaust organic gases also quantified
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Non-Road Mobile Sources Mobile sources not found on roads
and highwaysLawn mowersConstruction VehiclesFarm machinery
Exceptions◦ Commercial marine vessels and
locomotives usually reported as a nonpoint source
◦ Aircraft usually reported as point sources at an airport
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Aircraft
Note about aircraft◦ALL airports are now considered
point sources in the NEI◦If you have airports on your
reservation, check the most recent NEI data. Use it in your EI.
◦UNLESS you have more accurate data
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Biogenic Sources
Naturally occurring emissions◦Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, grasses◦Microbial: Soil bacteria, termites
EPA estimates these emissions on a county level for entire country…
…so you don’t have to
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Point, Nonpoint, Non-road Mobile, On-Road Mobile or Event?
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Review of Mock EI• The mock EI, MyReservationEI, is
in the zipped module folder• Review first 3 sections
• Introduction• Reservation Location• Emissions Area
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LocationCountyAreaPopulationDescription of land use (rural)Nearby cities, towns
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Emissions Area for this Level 4 EI:
Point Sources: Level 4 EI usually includes point sources within a “buffer area” (typically 5 to 50 miles, depending on the type of sources) around the reservation
Nonpoint, non-road, and on-road: entire surrounding county(ies)
Use TEISS to make a map and include in your final EI report
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Homework due in 5 days:1. Based on information you already
know about your land, what sources are there?
2. Using the MyReservationEI as a template, write your Introduction, Reservation Location, and Emissions Area sections
3. Email a MS Word document containing these 3 sections to instructor
Next module: all you need to know about TEISS for a Level 4 EI