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AMY Detector (eighties)AMY Detector (eighties)A rather compact detector
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LEP/LHC at CERN - Geneva
Particle Particle AcceleratorsAccelerators
• usual types electron vs anti-electron proton vs proton proton vs anti-proton electron vs proton
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유럽에서 하는 L3 실험
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ee++ee-- Cross Cross SectionsSections
(for example, LEP (for example, LEP experiments in experiments in
1989~2000)1989~2000) They represents
the probability of producing specific scattering events
Finding new physics largely depends on how well we distinguish signals from background processes
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Branching Ratios mf
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Decays to bb dominant
Branching Ratios of Higgs Branching Ratios of Higgs (e.g.)(e.g.)
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Higgs Signature(Expected)
4 jets Missing Energy
2 leptons(e, μ)+2 jets
ν
ν
2 taus(τ)+2 jets
τ
τ
H→ bb H→ bb
H(Z)→bb(qq)H→ bb
Z→ qq Z→ νν
Z(H)→τ τZ→ l+l-
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EventDisplay
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online systemmulti-level triggerfilter out backgroundreduce data volume
level 1 - special hardware
40 MHz (40 TB/sec)level 2 - embedded processorslevel 3 - PCs
75 KHz (75 GB/sec)5 KHz (5 GB/sec) 100 Hz(100 MB/sec)
data recording &offline analysis
One of the four LHC detectors:
Experiments from 2007
Particle collisionsin nanoseconds
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Higgs Particle in CMS (imagination)Higgs Particle in CMS (imagination)
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Why HEP Data Grid Why HEP Data Grid and e-Science?and e-Science?
The Grid is rapidly being recognized as one of the most promising application of information technology.
High Energy Physics (HEP), as one of the most immediate applications, needs, in its nature, - A new next-generation information technology in ver
y high-speed networking,- massive data distribution and processing, - and intensive computing power and data storage.
To meet these needs, "HEP Data Grid“ and we do e-Science
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CERN Experiments: ExampleCERN Experiments: ExampleThe LHC Detectors CMS
ATLAS
LHCb
~6-8 PetaBytes / year~108 events / year
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LEVEL-1 Trigger Hardwired processors (ASIC, FPGA) Pipelined massive parallel
HIGH LEVEL Triggers Farms of
processors
10-9 10-6 10-3 10-0 103
25ns 3µs hour yearms
Reconstruction&ANALYSIS TIER0/1/2
Centers
ON-lineOFF-line
sec
Giga Tera Petabit
Courtesy P. Sphicas/ICHEP2002 and CMS
CMS at LHC
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Concepts of Concepts of Linear ColliderLinear Collider
in 2010’s in 2010’s
another option
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In the futureIn the future Production of data ( > tens of PB/year) Processing of data and sharing with thousands
of people for analysis Transferring data ( ~ Tera bit seconds ) Analysis becomes very complex but should be
made easy for users GRID / High BW Networks/ Supercomputing In fact, related technologies and economic fact
ors are in favor of us to make this scenario real