![Page 1: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
![Page 2: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Think about…8.1 The transport system8.2 The blood8.3 The blood vessels8.4 The heart8.5 Blood circulationRecall ‘Think about…’Summary concept map
![Page 3: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The patient has lost a lot of blood.
He needs blood transfusion.
![Page 4: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
donated blood
blood donor
![Page 5: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
donated blood
![Page 6: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
artificial blood
bacteria producing haemoglobin
![Page 7: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
What are thefunctions of blood in our body
1
![Page 8: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
What is its role in the body
What is haemoglobin2
![Page 9: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Can artificialblood totally replace donated blood
3
Why
![Page 10: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
8.1 The transport system
In our city:
• transport system to carry goods and people around
![Page 11: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
8.1 The transport system
How are substances moved in organisms?
![Page 12: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
8.1 The transport system
In very small organisms:
O2
nutrientswaste
• by diffusion
![Page 13: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
In multicellular organisms:
substances need to move long distance
8.1 The transport system
• by a transport system
![Page 14: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
human transport system
lymphatic system
(淋巴系統 )
circulatory system
(循環系統 )
8.1 The transport system
![Page 15: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Human circulatory system
blood
8.1 The transport system
• carries nutrients and waste
![Page 16: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Human circulatory system
blood vessels (血管 )
8.1 The transport system
• distributed throughout the body
![Page 17: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Human circulatory system
heart
8.1 The transport system
• as a pump to drive blood
![Page 18: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
1 Humans are organisms. A is needed to carry substances from one place to another over long distances within the body.
multicellulartransport system
8.1 The transport system
![Page 19: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
2 The human circulatory system consists of:
blood
blood vessels
heart
8.1 The transport system
![Page 20: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
8.2 The blood
What is the composition?
![Page 21: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
centrifugation
Composition of blood8.2 The blood
![Page 22: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Composition of blood
plasma
blood cells
8.2 The blood
![Page 23: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
1 Plasma
• 90% water• 10% soluble substances
8.2 The blood
![Page 24: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
• 10% soluble substances
- plasma proteins
- nutrients
- waste
- respiratory gases
- hormones
1 Plasma8.2 The blood
![Page 25: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
![Page 26: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
blood platelet
red blood cellwhite blood cell
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
![Page 27: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Shape Biconcave disc
Irregular Small & irregular
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
![Page 28: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Nucleus
Colour
No Large No
Red Colourless Colourless
2 Blood cells
due to haemoglobin
8.2 The blood
![Page 29: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Size Small (7-8 μm)*
Phagocyte: large (10-29 μm)* Lymphocyte: small (6-10 μm)*
< red blood cells (1-4 μm)*
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
* Diameter
![Page 30: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Number (/mm3)
Function
5.4 million 7000 250 000
Carrying oxygen
Killing germs
Blood clotting
2 Blood cells
by haemoglobin
8.2 The blood
![Page 31: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Made in
Life span
Bone marrow
Bone marrow, spleen
Bone marrow
120 days A few days A few days
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
![Page 32: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Blood platelets
Break down in
Liver and spleen
Killed by germs;
Passed out in faeces
Liver and spleen
2 Blood cells8.2 The blood
![Page 33: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
What are the functions of blood?
8.2 The blood
![Page 34: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Functions of blood1 Transport of substances
Red blood cells
oxygen
8.2 The blood
![Page 35: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Functions of blood1 Transport of substances
Plasma
carbon dioxidenutrientsurea
8.2 The blood
hormonesheatantibodies
![Page 36: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Functions of blood2 Protection against diseases
• engulfs and digests germs
Phagocyte
8.2 The blood
![Page 37: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Functions of blood2 Protection against diseases
8.2 The blood
• produces antibodies
Lymphocyte
kill germs or neutralize toxins
![Page 38: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Functions of blood2 Protection against diseases
8.2 The blood
• help in blood clotting
Blood platelets
prevents further blood loss and entry of germs
through the wounds
![Page 39: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
1
blood platelet
red blood cell
white blood cell
blood cellsplasma
blood
8.2 The blood
![Page 40: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
carries heat and
2 Functions of blood:
Plasma
dissolvedsubstances
8.2 The blood
![Page 41: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
contain to carry oxygen
2 Functions of blood:
Red blood cells
haemoglobin
8.2 The blood
![Page 42: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
protect us against
2 Functions of blood:
White blood cells
diseases
8.2 The blood
![Page 43: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
help in
2 Functions of blood:
Blood platelets
blood clotting
8.2 The blood
![Page 44: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
8.3 The blood vesselsThree types of blood vessels
• arteries• veins• capillaries
heart
aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
veins
venules
venae cavae
![Page 45: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
capillary network (微血管網 )
arteriole (小動脈 )
artery (動脈 )
venule (小靜脈 )
vein (靜脈 )
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 46: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Arteries and veins
artery vein
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 47: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Arteries and veins
artery
thin layer of fibrous tissue
smaller lumen
thick layer of muscles and elastic tissue
thicker wall
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 48: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Arteries and veins
vein
thick layer of fibrous tissue
thin layer of muscles and
elastic tissue
thinner wall
larger lumen
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 49: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Arteries and veins8.3 The blood vessels
Why do arteries have a thicker muscular wall?
artery vein
![Page 50: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
contracts and relaxes
diameter changed
regulates amount of blood flow
8.3 The blood vessels
thick muscular wall
Arteries and veins
![Page 51: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Arteries and veins8.3 The blood vessels
Why do artery walls contain more elastic fibres?
artery vein
![Page 52: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
when heart relaxes
arteries recoil (反衝 )
continuous blood flow
8.3 The blood vessels
Arteries and veins
![Page 53: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Direction of blood flow
Away from the heart
Towards the heart
arteryvein
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 54: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Nature of blood
OxygenatedDeoxygenated
oxygenated blooddeoxygenated blood(not in pulmonary vein and umbilical vein)
(not in pulmonary artery and umbilical artery)
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 55: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Wall Thinner Thicker
arteryvein
8.3 The blood vessels
(fewer elastic fibres)
(more elastic fibres)
![Page 56: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Lumen Large Small
small lumenlarge lumen (resistance )
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 57: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Blood pressure
Low High
due to pumping of heart
due to resistance in capillaries
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 58: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Force for blood flow
Contraction of muscles
Pumping of heart
blood flow
pumping contraction
blood flow
squeeze veins
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 59: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Presence of valves
Present Absent
except at the base of pulmonary artery and aorta
prevent backflow of blood
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 60: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Arteries and veins
veinvalve
muscle
1 Muscles contract.
2 They press against the vein.
to heart
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 61: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Arteries and veins3 The vein is
squeezed.
4 The blood is forced to flow.
to heart
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 62: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
Arteries and veinsto heart
8.3 The blood vessels
5 Muscles relax.
6 Valves prevent blood from flowing back.
![Page 63: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
Arteries and veinsVein Artery
Location Close to body surface
Deep inside the body
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 64: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
capillary network (微血管網 )
arteriole (小動脈 )
artery (動脈 )
venule (小靜脈 )
vein (靜脈 )
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 65: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Capillaries
small lumen
one-cell thick capillary wall
differentially permeable
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 66: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Capillaries
outside
inside
capillary wall
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 67: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Capillaries
• small substances, e.g. O2, glucose and metabolic waste can pass through
8.3 The blood vessels
outside
inside
![Page 68: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Capillaries
• blood cells and proteins are too large to pass through
8.3 The blood vessels
outside
inside
![Page 69: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
1 Wrap a small living fish in moist paper towels and put it in a Petri dish. Put a slide over the tail fin.
8.3
Examination of the capillary flow in a fish tail fin
Video
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 70: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
8.3
2 Using low power magnification of a microscope or an image analysing device, observe the movement of blood in the capillary network in the tail fin.
red blood cell
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 71: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
8.3
Results of observation
The blood flow in the capillary network is quite slow. The direction of flow is one way. Red blood cells have a similar diameter to that of the capillaries.
8.3 The blood vessels
red blood cell
![Page 72: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
Blood pressurebl
ood
pres
sure
arteryarteriole
pumping of heart:• blood pressure
high & changes periodically
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 73: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
Blood pressurebl
ood
pres
sure
artery
narrow diameter:• high resistance
blood pressure drops
capillaryarteriole
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 74: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
Blood pressurebl
ood
pres
sure
artery
long distance from heart:• great friction
blood pressure further drops
capillaryarteriole venule
vein
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 75: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
1
heart
aorta arteries
pumps blood into
branches into
branch into
drain blood into
join to form
join to form
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 76: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
arterioles
capillaries
venules
branch into a network of
(exchange of materials)
join to form
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 77: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
1
heart
aorta arteries
veinsvenae cavae
pumps blood into
branches into
branch into
drain blood into
join to form
join to form
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 78: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78
22 Arteries:• carries blood
(except artery and artery)
oxygenated
pulmonaryumbilical
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 79: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
22 Arteries:• wall contains thick layer of muscles to regulate the blood flow
• elastic fibres recoil to maintain blood flow
muscles
elastic
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 80: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80
22 Veins:• carries blood
(except vein and vein)
deoxygenated
pulmonaryumbilical
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 81: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
22 Veins:• lumen to reduce resistance to blood flow
• present to prevent backflow of blood
large
valvesbackflow
8.3 The blood vessels
blood flows in one direction
![Page 82: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
22 Capillaries:• allows exchange of materials between blood and body cells
exchange
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 83: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83
contraction of muscles lying next to the veins
pumping action of the heart
3 Movement of blood:In arteries: pumping action
8.3 The blood vessels
In veins: contraction
![Page 84: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
a great due to narrow diameter
4 Blood pressure:high
drops
drop
In arteries:
In arterioles:
In capillaries:
gradually
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 85: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85
becomes even as the blood has overcome great friction and travelled a long distance
4 Blood pressure:
friction
In veins: lower
8.3 The blood vessels
![Page 86: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
86
8.4 The heart3D Model
• in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs
![Page 87: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
87
8.4 The heart
• about the size of a fist (拳 )
![Page 88: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
88
8.4 The heart
• weighs about 300 g
![Page 89: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
89
8.4 The heart
• surrounded by pericardium (圍心膜 )
![Page 90: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
90
8.4 The heart
• mainly made up of cardiac muscles (心肌 )
![Page 91: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
91
Structure of the heart
left atrium (左心房 )
left ventricle (左心室 )
right atrium (右心
房 )
right ventricle (右心
室 )
8.4 The heart
![Page 92: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
Structure of the heart
aortapulmonary arterypulmonary veins
coronary artery
coronary vein
anterior vena cava
posterior vena cava
8.4 The heart
![Page 93: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93
Structure of the heart• coronary arteries (冠狀動脈 )
- receive blood from aorta- supply oxygen and nutrients to
cardiac muscles
• coronary veins (冠狀靜脈 )
- carry away carbon dioxide and waste
8.4 The heart
![Page 94: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
94
Structure of the heart8.4 The heart
![Page 95: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
Structure of the heart
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
8.4 The heart
right ventricle
![Page 96: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
96
Structure of the heart
aorta
pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery
anterior vena cava
posterior vena cava
8.4 The heart
![Page 97: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
97
Structure of the heart
bicuspid valve
septum
tricuspid valve
semilunar valves
8.4 The heart
![Page 98: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
98
Structure of the heart8.4 The heart
• septum prevents mixing of blood on the two sides
deoxygenated blood
oxygenated blood
![Page 99: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
99
Structure of the heart
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
8.4 The heart
right ventricle
![Page 100: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
100
Atria• thin muscular wall
8.4 The heart
![Page 101: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
101
deoxygenated blood from head & arms
Atria
anterior vena cava
8.4 The heart
![Page 102: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
102
deoxygenated blood from head & arms
Atria
deoxygenated blood from legs & abdomen
oxygenated blood from lungs
posterior vena cava
pulmonary veins
8.4 The heart
![Page 103: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
103
Structure of the heart
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
8.4 The heart
right ventricle
![Page 104: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
104
Ventricles8.4 The heart
• thick muscular wall
![Page 105: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
105
Ventricles8.4 The heart
• left ventricle has thicker muscular wall
right left
![Page 106: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
106
Ventricles
left atriumright atrium
left ventricleright ventricle
pulmonary artery
aorta
lungsrest of body
8.4 The heart
Animation
![Page 107: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
107
Structure of the heart
bicuspid valvetricuspid
valve
semilunar valves
8.4 The heart
septum
![Page 108: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
108
8.4 The heart
Heart valves
![Page 109: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
109
8.4 The heart
Heart valves
tricuspid valve (3 flaps)
bicuspid valve (2 flaps)
aortapulmonary arterysemilunar
valves
![Page 110: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
110
Heart valvesBicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
8.4 The heart
• prevent backflow of blood into atria
![Page 111: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
111
Heart valvesBicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
8.4 The heart
• held by tough heart tendons (心腱索 )
![Page 112: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
112
Heart valvesBicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
8.4 The heart
• held by tough heart tendons (心腱索 )
prevent valves from turning inside out
![Page 113: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
113
Heart valvesSemilunar valves
8.4 The heart
• prevent backflow of blood into ventricles
![Page 114: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
114
1 Identify the left and right sides, the dorsal and ventral sides, and the major blood vessels of a pig heart.
8.4
Dissection and examination of a pig heart
Video
8.4 The heart
![Page 115: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
115
8.4
2 Run water slowly into each of the four major blood vessels in turn. Observe what happens.
8.4 The heart
![Page 116: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
116
8.4
ventral side
8.4 The heart
3 Cut the ventricles from the bottom into two halves horizontally. First along the left side, then along the middle and lastly along the right side. Remove the ventral halves of the ventricles.
![Page 117: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
117
8.4
4 Cut the atria into two halves to show the valves. Remove the ventral halves of the atria. Cut open the base of the pulmonary artery and identify the semilunar valves inside.
pulmonary artery
8.4 The heart
![Page 118: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
118
8.4
5 Move the pulmonary artery sideways to the left. Then cut open the base of the aorta and identify the semilunar valves inside.
aorta
8.4 The heart
![Page 119: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
119
Adaptation of the heart as an effective pumping organ
1 Cardiac muscles can contract and relax continuously
8.4 The heart
![Page 120: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
120
2 Ventricles have thick muscular wall
8.4 The heart
Adaptation of the heart as an effective pumping organ
![Page 121: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
121
3 Bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve and semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood
8.4 The heart
Adaptation of the heart as an effective pumping organ
![Page 122: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
122
4 Heart tendons prevent bicuspid and tricuspid valves from turning inside out
8.4 The heart
Adaptation of the heart as an effective pumping organ
![Page 123: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
123
1 The supply oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscles.
The carry away carbon dioxide and other waste from the cardiac muscles.
coronary arteries
coronary veins
8.4 The heart
![Page 124: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
124
2 The heart consists of four chambers:
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
8.4 The heart
![Page 125: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
125
2 Valves also present to prevent backflow of blood:
bicuspid valve
semilunar valves
tricuspid valve
8.4 The heart
![Page 126: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
126
3 Blood vessels that carry blood into and out of the heart:
carry deoxygenated blood into the heart
venae cavae
8.4 The heart
![Page 127: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
127
3 Blood vessels that carry blood into and out of the heart:
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pulmonary artery
8.4 The heart
![Page 128: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
128
3 Blood vessels that carry blood into and out of the heart:
carry oxygenated blood into the heart
pulmonary veins
8.4 The heart
![Page 129: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
129
3 Blood vessels that carry blood into and out of the heart:
carries oxygenated blood to all parts of body
aorta
8.4 The heart
![Page 130: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
130
8.5 Blood circulation
blood circulation
pulmonary circulation (肺循環 )
systemic circulation (體循環 )
![Page 131: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
131
aorta
pulmonary veins
venae cavae
8.5 Blood circulation
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary artery
right left
![Page 132: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
132
aorta
pulmonary veins
venae cavae
pulmonary artery
all other parts of the body
systemic circulation
8.5 Blood circulation
right left
![Page 133: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
133
blood circulation
pulmonary circulation (肺循環 )
systemic circulation (體循環 )
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 134: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
134
1 Pulmonary circulation
1 Right ventricle contracts.
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 135: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
135
1 Pulmonary circulation
2 Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs.
8.5 Blood circulation
pulmonary artery
![Page 136: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
136
1 Pulmonary circulation
3 Gas exchange takes place.
8.5 Blood circulation
lungs
![Page 137: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
137
1 Pulmonary circulation
4 Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium.
8.5 Blood circulation
pulmonary veins
![Page 138: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
138
2 Systemic circulation
1 Oxygenated blood flows from left atrium to left ventricle.
8.5 Blood circulation
body parts (except lungs)
![Page 139: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
139
2 Systemic circulation
2 Left ventricle contracts.
8.5 Blood circulation
body parts (except lungs)
![Page 140: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
140
2 Systemic circulation
3 Blood is pumped to all body parts (except the lungs).
8.5 Blood circulation
body parts (except lungs)
aorta
![Page 141: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
141
2 Systemic circulation
4 Exchange of materials takes place, the blood becomes deoxygenated.
8.5 Blood circulation
body parts (except lungs)
![Page 142: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
142
2 Systemic circulation
5 Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium through veins.
8.5 Blood circulation
body parts (except lungs)
venae cavae
![Page 143: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
143
aorta
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulation
![Page 144: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
144
head, neck, arms
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulation
anterior vena cava
![Page 145: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
145
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulationaorta
posterior vena cava
![Page 146: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
146
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulation
hepatic artery
liverhepatic vein
![Page 147: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
147
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulation
small intestine
liver
hepatic portal vein(nutrient-rich blood)
![Page 148: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
148
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulationaorta
posterior vena cava
1 After digestion, nutrient-rich blood is passed to liver through hepatic portal vein.
![Page 149: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
149
8.5 Blood circulation
2 Systemic circulationaorta
posterior vena cava2 The blood then
flows through hepatic vein and posterior vena cava to the heart.
![Page 150: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
150
The pumps deoxygenated blood through the to the lungs for gas exchange.
1a In the pulmonary circulation:
right ventricle
pulmonary arterylungs
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 151: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
151
The oxygenated blood flows through to the .
1a In the pulmonary circulation:
left atriumpulmonary veins
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 152: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
152
1b In the systemic circulation:
The oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle .left ventricle
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 153: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
153
1b In the systemic circulation:
The left ventricle then pumps the blood through to all parts of the body except the lungs .lungs
aorta
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 154: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
154
1b In the systemic circulation:
Exchange of materials takes place in the capillary bed. The blood becomes .deoxygenated
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 155: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
155
1b In the systemic circulation:
The deoxygenated blood returns to the through the .
right atriumvenae cavae
8.5 Blood circulation
![Page 156: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
156
What are the functions of blood in our body?1
Blood is the transport medium in our body. It is also important in protecting us against diseases.
![Page 157: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
157
What is haemoglobin? What is itsrole in the body?2Haemoglobin in red blood cells acts as oxygen carriers.
![Page 158: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
158
Can artificial blood totally replacedonated blood? Why?3
Artificial blood consisting mainly of haemoglobin can carry oxygen to the organs. However, it cannot serve for other functions of blood, such as defence against diseases and blood clotting.
![Page 159: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
159
is provided by
Transport in humans
circulatory system
heart
consists of
blood blood vessels
lymphatic system
![Page 160: 1 2 Think about… 8.1 The transport system 8.2 The blood 8.3 The blood vessels 8.4 The heart 8.5 Blood circulation Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e0d5503460f94af70ab/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
160
made up of
blood
plasma blood cells
red blood cells
include
blood platelets
white blood cells