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ParamyxovirusesParamyxoviruses
[email protected]@Uwindsor.ca
paramyxo.pptparamyxo.ppt
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ParamyxovirusesParamyxoviruses
StructureStructureClassificationClassificationMultiplicationMultiplicationClinical manifestationsClinical manifestationsEpidemiologyEpidemiologyDiagnosisDiagnosisControlControl
Baron’s Web Site
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ParamyxoviridaeParamyxoviridae
Paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus - parainfluenza, mumps- parainfluenza, mumpsPneumovirusPneumovirus - respiratory syncytial virus - respiratory syncytial virusMorbillivirusMorbillivirus - measles - measles
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Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae!!!
Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae!!!
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Structure: ParamyxoviridaeStructure: Paramyxoviridae
Enveloped 150-300 nmEnveloped 150-300 nmhelical, pleomorphic helical, pleomorphic
symmetrysymmetrySS RNA ,antisense SS RNA ,antisense
monopartitemonopartite
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Viral ProteinsViral Proteins
RNA-directed RNA polymeraseRNA-directed RNA polymeraseHemagglutininHemagglutinin
parainfluenzaparainfluenzameaslesmeasles
NeuraminidaseNeuraminidaseparainfluenzaparainfluenza
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Neuraminidase & hemagglutinin activities are different sites of the
same protein
Neuraminidase & hemagglutinin activities are different sites of the
same protein
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Fusion protein causes syncytia formation
Fusion protein causes syncytia formation
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MultiplicationMultiplication
Antisense strand -> sense RNA Antisense strand -> sense RNA RNA directed RNA polymeraseRNA directed RNA polymerase
Viral proteinsViral proteinssense RNA template for antisense strandssense RNA template for antisense strandscapsid assemblycapsid assembly
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ParamxyovirusParamxyovirus
Parainfluenza virusParainfluenza virus
Mumps virusMumps virus
Measles virusMeasles virus
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Parainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza Viruses
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Paraflu:Clinical manifestionsParaflu:Clinical manifestions
mild or severe infectionsmild or severe infectionslower and upper respiratory tractlower and upper respiratory tractparticularly in childrenparticularly in children
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Paraflu: ClassificationParaflu: Classification
types 1,2,3,4 in humanstypes 1,2,3,4 in humanstype 4 subtypes A & Btype 4 subtypes A & B
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Paraflu: EpidemiologyParaflu: Epidemiology
occurs worldwideoccurs worldwideusually endemicusually endemicprimarily in young childrenprimarily in young childrenreinfections commonreinfections common
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Paraflu: DiagnosisParaflu: Diagnosis
clinical symptoms nonspecificclinical symptoms nonspecificIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect viral antigensDetect viral antigensDetect rise in specific antibodiesDetect rise in specific antibodies
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No vaccine is available for Parainfluenza
No vaccine is available for Parainfluenza
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Mumps virusMumps virusMumps virusMumps virus
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Mumps:Clinical manifestionsMumps:Clinical manifestions
systemic febrile infectionsystemic febrile infectionchildren & young adultschildren & young adultsswelling of salivary glandsswelling of salivary glands
Parotid glandParotid glandmeningitis commonmeningitis commonencephalitis can occurencephalitis can occurorchitis oophoritis in adultsorchitis oophoritis in adults
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Single mumps serotype Single mumps serotype
shared antigens with paraflu type 1shared antigens with paraflu type 1
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Mumps:PathogenesisMumps:Pathogenesis
droplet infectiondroplet infectionviremiaviremiaspreads to glands & nervous tissuespreads to glands & nervous tissueinflammation & cell deathinflammation & cell death
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Mumps:EpidemiologyMumps:Epidemiology
worldwideworldwideendemic in urban areasendemic in urban areasintermittant in rural areasintermittant in rural areas
epidemic 2-7 yearsepidemic 2-7 years
peak incidence Jan-Maypeak incidence Jan-May
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Mumps:DiagnosisMumps:Diagnosis
TYPICAL TYPICAL clinical diagnosisclinical diagnosisATYPICALATYPICALisolate virusisolate virusviral antigen in saliva of CSFviral antigen in saliva of CSFDetect specific IgMDetect specific IgMDetect rising titer of IgGDetect rising titer of IgG
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Mumps: DefensesMumps: Defenses
InterferonInterferonhumoral immunityhumoral immunitycell mediated immunitycell mediated immunitylifelong protectionlifelong protection
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Mumps:ControlMumps:Control
live attentuated vaccinelive attentuated vaccinelong term protectionlong term protectionreinfections can occurreinfections can occur
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MorbillivirusMorbillivirusMorbillivirusMorbillivirus
Measles virusMeasles virus
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Measles: Clinical manifestionsMeasles: Clinical manifestions
coryza, conjunctivitis, fever rashcoryza, conjunctivitis, fever rashmaculopapular rash 1-3 days latermaculopapular rash 1-3 days laterComplicationsComplicationsotitis, pneumonia, encephalitisotitis, pneumonia, encephalitisSSPE (subacute sclerosing SSPE (subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis)-rarepanencephalitis)-rare
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Measles: PathogenesisMeasles: Pathogenesis
viremiaviremiamultiples in cells of :multiples in cells of :
lymphatic systemlymphatic system respiratory systemrespiratory system skinskinbrainbrain
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Measles:Host DefensesMeasles:Host Defenses
InterferonInterferonHumoral immunityHumoral immunityCell mediated immunityCell mediated immunityLife long protectionLife long protection
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Measles: EpidemiologyMeasles: Epidemiology
worldwideworldwideendemics & epidemicsendemics & epidemicsmainly late winter-early springmainly late winter-early spring
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Measles IncidenceMeasles Incidence
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Measles: DiagnosisMeasles: Diagnosis
TypicalTypicalclinical manifestationsclinical manifestations
AtypicalAtypicalIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect specific IgMDetect specific IgMDetect increase in IgGDetect increase in IgG
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Measles: ControlMeasles: Control
Active vaccinationActive vaccinationLive attentuated virus vaccineLive attentuated virus vaccinelong lasting protectionlong lasting protection
Passive immunityPassive immunitymeasles hyperimmunoglobulinmeasles hyperimmunoglobulin
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WHO MeaslesVaccination Strategy
WHO MeaslesVaccination Strategy
"catch-up""catch-up" everyone aged 1-14 years everyone aged 1-14 years"keep-up""keep-up" 90% of children at age 12 months; 90% of children at age 12 months; "follow-up""follow-up" 3-5 years 3-5 years
WHO Report
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PneumovirusPneumovirusPneumovirusPneumovirus
Respiratory syncytial virusRespiratory syncytial virus
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RSV:Clinical manifestionsRSV:Clinical manifestions
upper & lower respiratory tract infectionupper & lower respiratory tract infectionfrequent in young childrenfrequent in young childrensignificant in elderlysignificant in elderly
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RSV: PathogenesisRSV: Pathogenesis
dropletsdropletsdirect contactdirect contactinfects ciliated epithelium of respiratory infects ciliated epithelium of respiratory
mucosamucosalocalizedlocalized
AAntibody ntibody DDependent ependent CCytotoxicityytotoxicity
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RSV: Host DefensesRSV: Host Defenses
interferoninterferoncell mediated immunitycell mediated immunityHumoral immunityHumoral immunitySecretory immunity ( sIgA)Secretory immunity ( sIgA)reinfection possiblereinfection possible
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RSV: EpidemiologyRSV: Epidemiology
worldwideworldwidetemperate climatestemperate climatesepidemic winter and early springepidemic winter and early springinfants & young childreninfants & young children
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RSV: DiagnosisRSV: Diagnosis
nonspecific clinical symptomsnonspecific clinical symptomsIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect viral antigenDetect viral antigenDetect IgM, IgADetect IgM, IgADetect icrease in IgGDetect icrease in IgG
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RSV: ControlRSV: Control
no vaccineno vaccineribavrin as aerosolribavrin as aerosolisolate patients in hospitalsisolate patients in hospitals