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1
Pennsylvania’s Drought Update
Pennsylvania’s Drought Update
January 28, 2002January 28, 2002
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2
Drought ’02Drought ’02
Will There Be Enough Water for Everyone?
Will There Be Enough Water for Everyone?
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33
DroughtDrought
Condition resulting primarily from lack of precipitation (or recharge) such that water resources are not adequate to meet demands
Condition resulting primarily from lack of precipitation (or recharge) such that water resources are not adequate to meet demands
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44
How Do We Know We Are Having a Drought?
How Do We Know We Are Having a Drought?
Precipitation Stream flow Groundwater levels Palmer drought
index Reservoir levels
Precipitation Stream flow Groundwater levels Palmer drought
index Reservoir levels
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55
Precipitation Gages437 Total Sites State-wide (226
Automated)
Precipitation Gages437 Total Sites State-wide (226
Automated)
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66
Stream Flow GagesStream Flow Gages
237 gages in state, 59 used for drought monitoring
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77
Monitoring WellsMonitoring Wells
67 observation wells state-wide
40 used to make drought monitoring decisions
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88
Palmer Drought Index RegionsCompiled weekly by the National Weather
Service
Palmer Drought Index RegionsCompiled weekly by the National Weather
Service
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99
Reservoir LevelsReservoir LevelsStorage in several large public
water supply reservoirs are used for drought monitoring.
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1010
Drought TriggersDrought TriggersWatch Warning Emergency
Precipitation Deficits
(12 month drought
duration)
15% (deficit) of normal
precipitation
25% (deficit) of normal
precipitation
35% (deficit) of normal
precipitation
Stream Flows30-day average flow exceeded
75% of the time
30-day average flow exceeded
90% of the time
30-day average flow exceeded 95% of the time
Groundwater Levels
30-day average groundwater
levels exceeded 75%
of the time
30-day average groundwater
levels exceeded 90%
of the time
30-day average groundwater
levels exceeded 95%
of the time
Soil Moisture-Palmer Drought Severity
Index
Values of –2.00 to –2.99
Values of –3.00 to –3.99
Values of –4 or less
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1111
Levels of DroughtLevels of Drought
WatchVoluntary reduction by 5% to 10%
WarningVoluntary reduction by 10% to 15%
EmergencyNon-essential water use restrictions
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1212
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1313
90-day Precipitation Map90-day Precipitation Map
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1414
Stream FlowsStream Flows
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1515
Groundwater LevelsGroundwater Levels
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1616
Palmer IndexPalmer Index
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1717
New York City ReservoirsNew York City ReservoirsTotal Reservoir Storage
January 15, 2002
(Percentage of Capacity)
168 billion gallons less than last year at this time
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1818
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1919
Water Supplies in TroubleWater Supplies in Trouble
29-Voluntary Water Use Restrictions
42- Mandatory Water Use Restrictions
25 Counties affected
29-Voluntary Water Use Restrictions
42- Mandatory Water Use Restrictions
25 Counties affected
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2020
Status of Other StatesStatus of Other States
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2121
Upgraded to warning
1/18/02Upgraded to watch
1/18/02
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2222
Watch
Watch
Normal
Watch
MarylandMaryland
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2323
Watch
Watch
Warning
Warning
Watch
Warning
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2424
For Immediate ReleaseDecember 18, 2001
DROUGHT EMERGENCY DECLARED IN THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN
(WEST TRENTON, N.J.) - With reservoir storage and ground water supplies well below seasonable averages, the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) today declared a drought emergency in the 13,539 square-mile watershed which drains portions of New York State, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
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2525
DEP Drought CoordinationDEP Drought Coordination DEP coordinates with the Delaware River
Basin Commission (DRBC) and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC)- interstate-federal agencies responsible for managing the water resources within the Delaware and Susquehanna River watersheds
DEP coordinates with the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC)- interstate-federal agencies responsible for managing the water resources within the Delaware and Susquehanna River watersheds
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2626
How Bad is It?How Bad is It?
’98-’99 vs ’01-’02
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2727
’98-’99 Drought(in current drought warning area)
’98-’99 Drought(in current drought warning area)
We entered the summer of ’98 with normal to above normal stream and well levels
Precipitation dropped off from July ’98 through December ’98
Significant precipitation occurred statewide in January ’99.
It took two hurricanes (Dennis and Floyd) in September ’99 to raise stream and well levels
We entered the summer of ’98 with normal to above normal stream and well levels
Precipitation dropped off from July ’98 through December ’98
Significant precipitation occurred statewide in January ’99.
It took two hurricanes (Dennis and Floyd) in September ’99 to raise stream and well levels
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2828
’01-’02 (in current drought warning area)
’01-’02 (in current drought warning area)
We have had below normal precipitation since October 2000
Groundwater and stream levels have been below normal since about June
Gages currently show below normal precipitation, stream and well levels in a season with frozen ground conditions and lower recharge potential
We have had below normal precipitation since October 2000
Groundwater and stream levels have been below normal since about June
Gages currently show below normal precipitation, stream and well levels in a season with frozen ground conditions and lower recharge potential
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2929
Example of Trends in Cumberland County
Example of Trends in Cumberland County
Precipitation
Stream Levels
Well Levels
J F M A M J J A S O N D
1998
Normal or above
Below normal
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3030
Example of Trends in Cumberland County
Example of Trends in Cumberland County
Precipitation
Stream Levels
Well Levels
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2001
Normal or above
Below normal
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3131
Long-range ForecastLong-range Forecast
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3232
How Do We Manage a Drought?
How Do We Manage a Drought?
Governor Declares an Emergency on a County by County Basis
PEMA drought management regulations activated banning non-essential water use
Governor Declares an Emergency on a County by County Basis
PEMA drought management regulations activated banning non-essential water use
WatchWarningEmergency
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3333
Overview of Drought Management Regulations
Overview of Drought Management Regulations
Revised regulations effective July 7, 2001
Focus on planning and not reacting Recognizes advances in
technology Reflects lessons learned during
drought emergency of ’98 & ‘99
Revised regulations effective July 7, 2001
Focus on planning and not reacting Recognizes advances in
technology Reflects lessons learned during
drought emergency of ’98 & ‘99
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3434
Regulations Addressing Drought Management
Regulations Addressing Drought Management
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3535
CHAPTER 118. REDUCTIONS OF MAJOR WATER USE IN A
COMMONWEALTH DROUGHT EMERGENCY AREA
CHAPTER 119. PROHIBITION OF NONESSENTIAL WATER USES IN A
COMMONWEALTH DROUGHT EMERGENCY AREA
CHAPTER 120. LOCAL WATER RATIONING PLANS
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3636
Chapter 118Chapter 118
Provides for preparation and implementation of drought contingency plans by:– Public water supplies (>50
connections)– Major commercial water users– Major industrial water users
Provides for preparation and implementation of drought contingency plans by:– Public water supplies (>50
connections)– Major commercial water users– Major industrial water users
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3737
Drought Contingency Plan Submission
Drought Contingency Plan Submission
Any time As directed by Governor’s
emergency proclamation As ordered by Commonwealth
Drought Coordinator (CDC)
Any time As directed by Governor’s
emergency proclamation As ordered by Commonwealth
Drought Coordinator (CDC)
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3838
Public Water Supply Drought Contingency Plan
Elements:
Public Water Supply Drought Contingency Plan
Elements: Analysis of water
availability and water use over the last 12 month period
Description of trigger levels Plan of action Variance procedures Desirable to have plan
implemented at all times
Analysis of water availability and water use over the last 12 month period
Description of trigger levels Plan of action Variance procedures Desirable to have plan
implemented at all times
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3939
Self-supplied Commercial and Industrial Water Users
Contingency Plans
Self-supplied Commercial and Industrial Water Users
Contingency Plans
Users of water greater than 100,000 gallons per day (gpd)– Develop, adopt and make plans available
Users of water greater than 500,000 gpd– Develop, adopt and submit plans to CDC
Other water users upon order from CDC
Users of water greater than 100,000 gallons per day (gpd)– Develop, adopt and make plans available
Users of water greater than 500,000 gpd– Develop, adopt and submit plans to CDC
Other water users upon order from CDC
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4040
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements:
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements: Analysis of water availability and
water use over past 12 months Analysis of water availability and
water use over past 12 months
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4141
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements:
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements: Description of previously
undertaken water conservation measures
Description of previously undertaken water conservation measures
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4242
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements:
Commercial and Industrial Drought Contingency Plan
Elements: Plan of actions based on 5%, 15%,
25%, 35% and 50% reduction in water use
Plan of actions based on 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 50% reduction in water use
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4343
Commercial and Industrial Contingency Plan Implementation
Commercial and Industrial Contingency Plan Implementation
As ordered by CDC Significant drought
required to prompt implementation order
As directed in a Governor’s emergency proclamation
As ordered by CDC Significant drought
required to prompt implementation order
As directed in a Governor’s emergency proclamation
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4444
County Drought Management Task Force
County Drought Management Task Force Established by County
Commissioners within time frame specified in Governor’s Emergency Proclamation
Coordinates and monitors all drought reporting and water conservation measures undertaken in the county
Reports monthly to CDC
Established by County Commissioners within time frame specified in Governor’s Emergency Proclamation
Coordinates and monitors all drought reporting and water conservation measures undertaken in the county
Reports monthly to CDC
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4545
Chapter 119Chapter 119
Restricts non-essential water uses in response to a drought or water shortage emergency declared by the Governor
Restricts non-essential water uses in response to a drought or water shortage emergency declared by the Governor
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4646
Prohibition of Non-essential Water Uses
Prohibition of Non-essential Water Uses
Watering grass Athletic fields
(except under approved plan)
Gardens and Landscaping
Golf Courses (except under approved plan)
Watering grass Athletic fields
(except under approved plan)
Gardens and Landscaping
Golf Courses (except under approved plan)
Paved surfaces Ornamental uses Mobile equipment Serving in
restaurants (unless requested)
Swimming pools Specific fire hydrant
uses Use of any water not
for a beneficial use
Paved surfaces Ornamental uses Mobile equipment Serving in
restaurants (unless requested)
Swimming pools Specific fire hydrant
uses Use of any water not
for a beneficial use
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4747
ExceptionsExceptions
Each prohibition has associated limited exceptions listed in Chapter 119 (for example-watering athletic fields is
allowable under an approved plan).
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4848
Exemptions and VariancesExemptions and Variances
Water user must demonstrate extraordinary hardship
Public water suppliers must demonstrate adequate water supply and follow an approved drought contingency plan
Water user must demonstrate extraordinary hardship
Public water suppliers must demonstrate adequate water supply and follow an approved drought contingency plan
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4949
Exemptions and VariancesExemptions and Variances
CDC makes a decision within 7 working days (one day if perishable products are involved)
Areawide exemptions or variances for similar situated water users possible
Decisions may be appealed to PEMA
CDC makes a decision within 7 working days (one day if perishable products are involved)
Areawide exemptions or variances for similar situated water users possible
Decisions may be appealed to PEMA
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5050
Chapter 120Chapter 120
Establishes procedures for the CDC to review and approve local water rationing plans in response to severe local water shortages. Such plans can be approved only under the authority of a declared emergency.
Establishes procedures for the CDC to review and approve local water rationing plans in response to severe local water shortages. Such plans can be approved only under the authority of a declared emergency.
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5151
Typical Water Rationing Plan Content
Typical Water Rationing Plan Content
Prohibition of non-essential water use
Equitable rationing provisions (% reduction, or assigned customer allocations)
Variance and exemption provisions to address extraordinary hardships
Prohibition of non-essential water use
Equitable rationing provisions (% reduction, or assigned customer allocations)
Variance and exemption provisions to address extraordinary hardships
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5252
Implementation of Local Water Rationing Plan
Implementation of Local Water Rationing Plan
By application to the CDC, who must approve the local rationing plan
At the direction of the CDC
By application to the CDC, who must approve the local rationing plan
At the direction of the CDC
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5353
Additional Water Rationing Provisions
Additional Water Rationing Provisions
Enforced at the local level Service interruptions are
authorized Excess use charges are authorized
– Maximum of 5 times the actual rate for first 2,000 gallons and 10 times actual rate for each 1,000 gallons or portion thereof
Enforced at the local level Service interruptions are
authorized Excess use charges are authorized
– Maximum of 5 times the actual rate for first 2,000 gallons and 10 times actual rate for each 1,000 gallons or portion thereof
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5454
Additional Water Rationing Provisions
Additional Water Rationing Provisions
Customer service interruptions used– Individual flow restrictions and
termination of water service to individual customers is authorized
Customer service interruptions used– Individual flow restrictions and
termination of water service to individual customers is authorized
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5555
Drought ’02Will There Be Enough Water for
Everyone?
Drought ’02Will There Be Enough Water for
Everyone?
We don’t know We don’t know
•We need to be prepared
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5656
What Else Is DEP Doing to Manage Water Resources?What Else Is DEP Doing to Manage Water Resources?
Supporting passage of Water Resources Conservation and Protection Legislation
Proposing a new Comprehensive Stormwater Management Policy
Supporting passage of Water Resources Conservation and Protection Legislation
Proposing a new Comprehensive Stormwater Management Policy
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5757
Major Elements of Proposed Water Resources LegislationMajor Elements of Proposed Water Resources Legislation
Update State Water Plan
Identify Critical Water Planning Areas
Encourage locally developed Integrated Water Resource Plans
Update State Water Plan
Identify Critical Water Planning Areas
Encourage locally developed Integrated Water Resource Plans
Establish water use reduction and water conservation incentives
Establish water well construction requirements
Establish water use reduction and water conservation incentives
Establish water well construction requirements
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5858
Major Elements of Updated Stormwater Management
Policy
Major Elements of Updated Stormwater Management
Policy Encourage infiltration of
stormwater Implement federal regulations Achieve administrative efficiencies
within DEP
Encourage infiltration of stormwater
Implement federal regulations Achieve administrative efficiencies
within DEP
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5959
We Are All Sharing a Limited Resource -
Water
We Are All Sharing a Limited Resource -
Water
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6060
Let’s Use It WiselyLet’s Use It Wisely