Download - 07 Burmese
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
1/9
15
JANUARY 2013
CURRENT SITUATION OFMIGRATION FROM MYANMAR IN
THAILAND
By Supang Chantavanich 1
1. Professor Emeritus at Faculty of Political Science and Director of Asian Research Center for Migration, Institute of Asian Studies at Chulalongkorn University.
This policy paper is a part of the research project on Myanmar Economy in the Context of ASEAN Economic Integration and Regional Change conducted by IDE-JETRO.
Myanmar Migrants to Thailand and Implications to
POLICY REVIEW ONMYANMAR ECONOMY
POLICY REVIEW
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
2/9
16
JANUARY 2013
DIRECTION OF MYANMAR
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
SOURCE : MOL Thailand, 2011
CHART 1.
Distribution of migrant fromMYANMAR in 5 Top Sectors
From 1992 to
migrant workers
from Myanmar has
continued.
Migrant workers are
mainly hired in the
sectors of agriculture,
domestic work . . .
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
3/9
17
JANUARY 2013
CONCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS
OF MIGRATION TO MYANMARDEVELOPMENT
South Economic Corridor
SOURCE :
Asean DevelopmentBank ASEAN
'' Greater MekongSubregion ''
Flag Ship
Initiative :
East- WestEconomic Corridor
2002-2012
17
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
4/9
JANUARY 2013
References
The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s). Publication does not imply endorsement by JETRO of any
of the view expressed within.
You can download this policy brief at the IDE-JETRO
website: http://www.ide.go.jp
Contact: Bangkok Research Center, JETRO
Bangkok TEL:+66-2253-6441 FAX:+66-2254-1447
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
5/9
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
6/9
31
JANUARY 2013
rSa&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;\ ta&twGufrSm2 oef;ausmftxdjrifhwufaeygonf/ ,if;
a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;udkoHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; cGJjcm;Edkifygonf/ rSwfyHkwifxm;aom vkyfom;rsm;?vlrsdK;t&todtrSwfjyKxm;olrsm;ESifhjrefrmEdkifiHrSyHkrSefpkpnf;NyD; wdkufdkufapvTwfolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/
oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;rsm;wGif xdkif;EdkifiH\a&TUajymif;vkyfom; pDrHcefYcGJrIu a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;tm; ESpftvdkufrSwfyHkwifonfhrl0g'udk usifhoHk;NyD; tvkyform;rsm;tm;vlrsdK;t& pdppftodtrSwfjyKonfh vkyfief;pOfudk aqmif&Gufapygonf/ ,if;okdYtvkyf
orm;rsm;tm; rSwfykHwifonfhvkyfief;pOfukdxdkif;EdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHwdkYtMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufMuNyD; 2003 ckESpfwGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom tvkyftudkif cefYxm;rIyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIqdkif&m em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmt& aqmif&Gufygonf/ 2009 ckESpfwGiftvkyform;rsm;tm; yHkrSefpkpnf; ydkYaqmifay;onfhwwd,rl0g'ukd pwifcJhNyD; vuf&Sdwdkifatmifaqmif&GufqJjzpfygonf/
pD;0ifvmqJ jzpfygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifhxdkif;EdkifiHrSm qGJaqmifrI&Sdaom c&D;yef;wdkif
pufrIESifh 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm; tygt0ifu@rsm;pGmtwGuf tvkyfMurf; vkyfom;rsm;vdktyfygonf/ txl;ojzifh tdrftulESifhaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vkdtyfygonf/ xkdif;tvkyform;rsm;u ,if;u@rsm;wGif vkyfudkif&ef a&Smifz,fwwfMuyg vkyfcrsm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHxuf q,fqcefYjrifhrm;ygonf/ taMumif;t&if;rSm jrefrmusyfaiG wefzdk;edrfhusjcif;ESifh xdkif; bwfaiG
cdkifrmjcif;wdkYaMumifhjzpfygonf/ jrefrmbufwGifrl pD;yGm;a&; wdk;wufrIEIef; aES;auG;rI?tvkyfvufrJhrsm;&SdaerIESifh&xm;vrf; wnfaqmufrIuJhodkYtpdk;&\ zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief; pDrHudef;rsm;wGif vkyftm;ay; apcdkif;rIwdkYuArmESifh tjcm;vlrsdK;pkrsm;udk tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;ESifhjrifhrm;aom vkyfcrsm;twGuf xdkif;EdkifiHodkY a&TUajymif;oGm;ap&efwGef;ydkYcJhygonf/ vuf&SdtcsdefwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
qefYusifwdkufcdkufaeonfh vlenf;pkrsdK;EG,frsm; jzpfMuaom odomrsm;jym;onfhcdkvIHae
xdkifcGifh&Smaeolrsm;rSm q,fpkESpftwGif;xdkif;EdkifiHodkY ab;uif;&ma'otjzpf pwif0ifa&mufcJhMuygonf/ xdkif;tpdk;&u cefYrSef;ajc ta&twGuftm;jzifh 140000 cefY &Sdaom EdkifiHa&;cdkvIHcGifh&Smaeolrsm;udk e,fjcm;a'orsm;&Sde,fajra'o 4 ck\ ,m,Dpcef;9ckvufcHapmifha&Smufxm;cJhygonf/ 1990ESpfrsm;wGifvnf; pD;yGm;a&; taMumif;jycsufrsm;aMumifh ajymif;a&TUaexdkifolrsm; tvHk;t&if;jzihf 0ifa&mufvmygonf/ 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;rSm Armrsm;ESifhvlrsdK;pkrsm; jzpfMu
ygonf/ 1992 ckESpfrS pwifxdkif;EdkifiHuxdkif;EdkifiHvkyfom; aps;uGufodkY 0ifa&mufvmaom jrefrmEdkifiHrSa&TUajymif;vmolrsm;udkw&m;0ifpwiftodtrSwfjyKcJhygonf/ ,if;ESpfwGif a&TUajymif;0ifa&mufvmolrsm;udktvkyfMurf; vkyfudkifolrsm;tjzpfyxrOD;qHk;rSwfyHkwifay;cJhygonf/
1992 ckESpfrS2012 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHrSa&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;rSm xdkif;EdkifiHodkY
POLICY REVIEW ONMYANMAR ECONOMY
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
7/9
32
JANUARY 2013
oabmwlnDNyD; jzpfygonf/ xdkYtjyif c&D;oGm;vkyfief;ESifh [kdw,f0efaqmifrIvkyfief;qdkif&m twwfynm&Sifrsm;udkvnf; AEC2015 ckESpfvkyfom;pkpnf;rIwGifxnfhoGif;&ef &Sdygonf/ odkYaomf jrefrmhuRrf;usif
ynm&SifwpfOD;uAEC onfjrefrmtygt0if0ifaiGedrfhusonfhtzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;udkxl;jcm;onfh tE&m,frsm; jzpfapEdkifonf[k ajymMum;cJhygonf/
AEC u pD;yGm;a&;qif;&Jcsrf;om uGm[jcm;em;rI(economic Polarization ) udkjzpfapEdkifNyD; xl;cRefxufjrufaom yk*dKvfrsm; taejzifhydkrdkzGHUNzdK;onfhtzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;wGif &&Sdonhf ydkrdkjrifhrm;aom tusdK;cHpm;rIrsm;ESifhtcGifhtvrf;rsm;twGuf rdrdEdkifiHrS xGufcGmMuygvdrfhrnf/ odkYjzpfyg AEC wGif tjyK
oabm tcef;u@ ydkrdkaqmif&GufEdkif&efESifhAEC tusdK;pD;yGm; wdk;yGm;jrifhrm;vmap&eftwGufCLMV EdkifiHrsm;taejzifhcdkifrmrI&Sdvmap&efueOD; tpDtpOfrsm; &Sdygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;,if;ueOD; tpDtpOfrsm;udkOD;aESmuf,dkpD;rI(Brain Drain) rSumuG,f&eftaumiftxnfazmfEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
2012 ckESpfwGifjrefrmtpdk;&onfEdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI (FDI) ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmap&ef
BudK;pm;cJhygonf/ 2012 ckESpf ZlvkdifvwGifjrefrm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIqdkif&m xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;yGJtopf (New Myanmar InvestmentSummit) usif;y&ef pnf;Hk;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ edkifiHjcm;ukrPD 300 cefYtm; ,if;tpnf;ta0;okdY wufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;cJhygonf/ EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI Oya'opfudkjyifqif xkwfjyefcJhygonf/ jrefrmtpdk;&u&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolrsm;udk t"du pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;jzpfonfh v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;? a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiGU? vQyfppfpGrf;tm;ESifh pufrI
vufrIu@rsm;wGif&if;ESD;jrKyfESHMu&efpOf;pm;apvdkonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH\ pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJrIudkavhvmMunfhIvQif jynfwGif;obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
8/9
33
JANUARY 2013
vmrnfhig;ESpfumvtwGif; jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrl jzpfxGef;vmrnfhtajctaewGif xkdif;EkdifiH (rav;&Sm;ESifhpifumyl)okdY ajymif;a&TU0ifa&mufonfh a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom t"du
ar;cGef;rSm uRrf;usifaom? tenf;i,fuRrf;usifaom vkyfom;rsm;onfa&muf&SdaeaomEkdifiHrsm;wGifqufvufaexkdifrnf okdYr[kwfEkdifiH&if;okdYjyef&ef pOf;pm;vmMurnfqkdonfhtcsuf jzpfygonf/ twdwfumvwGifrdom;pkrsm;\ ysrf;rQ0ifaiGrsm;rSm tdrfaxmifpkpm;okH;rItokH;p&dwfukduscH&ef vkHavmufrIr&SdcJhyg (house hold income and expendituresurvey in 1997)/
AsL[mt& v,f,mu@\ zGHUNzdK;rIrSmvuf&Sdqef? ajymif;? yDavmyDeHESifhyJtrsdK;rsdK;uJhodkYaiG&vG,faom oD;ESHrsm;ukdwdk;csJUpdkufysdK;vmrnf jzpfygonf/ xdkif;EdkifiH\ CharoenPokphand Group (CP)rSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGifMuufom;aygufrsm;ESifh MuufOrsm;twGuf
uefxdkuf arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; (ContractFarming)ukd vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;oabmt& v,f,mu@zGHUNzdK;rIESifhwdk;csJUaqmif&GufrIonf ajraps;EIef;rsm;udk wdkufdkuftusdK;oufa&mufrI &Sdygonf/
pufrIvufrIu@wGif zGUHNzdK;rI tajctaeudk oDv0g (&efukefawmifydkif;)? &cdkif?ESifh xm;0,f&Sd txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefopfrsm;
ygonf/ xkdif;EdkifiHonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGifobm0"mwfaiGU&SmazGrIESifh&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIwGifThailand Petro-Chemical and Petro-Leum
Company (TPP) rSwpfqifh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHvsuf&Sdygonf/
Yadana obm0"mwfaiGU pDrHudef; rSobm0"mwfaiGUydkufvdkif;onf e,fpyfudk
jzwfausmfKanChanaburi rSwpfqifh xdkif;EdkifiH taemufydkif;&Sd Rachaburi jynfe,fodkYa&muf&Sdonfh wdkifatmif qufoG,fxm;ygonf/ 2011 ckESpfwGifwkwfjynf? a[mifaumif? awmifudk&D;,m;? pifumylESifhrav;&Sm;EdkifiHrsm;rSm jrefrmEkdifiH\ tjcm;aom&if;ESD;jrKyfESHonfh tm&SEkdifiHrsm; jzpfvmMuygonf/ pifumylEdkifiHrSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGifukrPD trsm;qHk;&Sdaom EkdifiHrsm; jzpfyg
South Economic Corridor ed*kH;?a&TUajymif;aexkdifrI\ jrefrmhzGHUNzdK;rltay:
kdufcwfrIrsm;
(SEZs) (Aung Min and Kudo 2012)wGifjrifawGUEdkifygonf/ txl; pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;u vuf&Sdobm0o,HZmwrsm;udk toHk;jyK wefzdk;jrifh ukefypnf;rsm;xkwfvkyfNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHodkY FDIydkrdk0ifa&muf
vm&efqGJaqmifrnf jzpfygonf/ ra0;aomtem*wfumvtwGif; ,if;tajctaequfvuf&Sdaeaomfvnf; tajctaeuzGHUNzdK;rItwGuf rnfodkYaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; vdktyfaeonfudk xif[yfay:vGifapygonf/ xdkif;EdkifiHESifhjrefrmEdkifiHtMum; ukef;vrf;qufoG,frIrsm; wnfaqmufrI? txl;ojzifh xkdif;EkdifiH Kanchanaburi a'o&Sd xm;0,f-Phunam Ronvrf;yef;qufoG,frIrSm ta&SUawmiftm&Syifra'oBuD;twGif; ydkYaqmifa&;ESifh ukef
oG,fa&;twGuft"du tcef;u@rSyg0ifygonf/
taMumif;rl,if;vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;u ADB ta&SUtaemuf pD;yGm;a&;pBupDrHudef; (ADB East-West Economic CorridorPlan)wGif tdEd,ork'&mudk csdwfqufay;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
-
8/12/2019 07 Burmese
9/9