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Abstract
Intellectual discourse and divergence of opinions about the
partition of Indo Sub-continent and the creation of two separate
independent states of India and Pakistan can be classified into four
major categories so far as the present study is concerned. An
unbiased and impartial approach has been applied to design the
theoretical framework of this study keeping in view the four major
opinions i.e. to observe the creation of Pakistan in the light of (i)
International Rivalry between Communism and Capitalism (ii)
Economic Controversy between Agriculturalists and Industrialists
(iii) Divide and Rule Policy of the British Colonial Empire and (iv)
Ideological Basis. Each of the opinion with its own interesting
features tries to define and interpret the establishment of Pakistan in
its own way. Taking a holistic view of the partition in general and
analyzing the creation of Pakistan in the light of different views in
particular is the hallmark of this academic endeavour.
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C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 29
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39 _______________________________________________ ªÄ0*Îy:Z`;ñÃ
jZ!Y]zjZÙÃQgŠz~ZÒkBx–Zzg7,JY@*ìX' (World War) ¬@kB 1X
BZ85ë EEYLxÆÂÐZ·t7™@*Yèx»{āZðÆ‚Bµ[ƒ»F,À¬@kB„™@*ìX World War YìkBÆ‚B7X®Zz{
2. Gunnar Myrdal, Asian Drama: An Enquiry into the Poverty of
Nations, Vol. 1969, 133; Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr. General
Editor, Vol. 2, The Dynamics of World Power, A Documentary of
United States foreign policy 1945-1973, (New York: Chelsea House
Publishers, 1973), 166-69.
3. Rajani Palme Dutt, The Crises of Britain and the British Empire
(London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd., 1957); William Warbey , M.P.,
Vietnam The Truth (London: Merlin Press, 1965), 26-30; D. F.
Flemming, The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960 (New York:
Doubleday, 1967), Vol. 1, 300-10.
4. Schlesinger, The Dynamics of World Power, 191-95; A. Z. Minfred,
A Short History of the World Progress (Moscow: Progress
Publishers, 1974).
5. Niall Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World (New
York: Penguin, 2004); Andre Fontain, History of the Cold War from
the October Revolution to the Korean War (New York: Pantheon
Books, 1968).
6. Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World; Fontain,
History of the Cold War from the October Revolution to the Korean
War.
7. Lloyed C. Gardner, A Covenant with Power: America and World
order from Wilson to Reagon (New York: Knopf, 1984); Abulkalam
Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1964);
8. Mao-tse Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung (Peking: Foreign
Language Press, 1963); Noor Ahmed, Martial Law se Martial Law
Tak [[Urdu: From Martial Law to Martial Law] (Lahore, 1966).
C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 49
9. Gardner, A Covenant with Power; Tung, Selected Works of Maotse
Tung.
10. Gardner, A Covenant with Power; Fontain, History of the Cold War
from the October Revolution to the Korean War.
11. Russel Briens, The Indo Pakistani Conflict (London: Pall Mall Press,
1968); H. V. Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain, India and Pakistan
(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1985).
12. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Freedom at Midnight
(London: St James Palace, 1975); Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain,
India and Pakistan.
13. Jawahar Lal Nehru, The Discovery of India (Bombay: Asian
Publishing House, 1945); Gardner, Sphere of Influence: The great
Powers Partition, Europe from Munich to Yalta.
14. Hudson, The Great Divide: Britain, India and Pakistan; Nehru, The
Discovery of India.
15. S. M. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan,
1858-1951 (Lahore: Sh. M. Ashraf, 1965).
16. Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung; Minfred, A Short History of
the World Progress.
17. Tung, Selected Works of Maotse Tung; Minfred, A Short History of
the World Progress.
18. Panderal Moon, Divide and Quit (London: Chatto and Windus,
1964); R. C. Mojamdar History of the Freedom Movement in India
(Lahore: Book Traders, 1979).
19. V. P. Menon, The Transfer of Power in India (New Jersey:
Princeton, 1957); Ikran, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of
Pakistan, 1858-1951.
20. Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Freedom at Midnight
(London: St James Palace, 1975); Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, The
Struggle for Pakistan (Karachi, University of Karachi, 1974).
21. Chaudhary Muhammad Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan (Columbia:
Columbia Univers i ty Press , 1967); M. As lam Quresh i ,
Anglo-Pakistan Relations (Lahore: Research Society of Pakistan,
1976).
59 _______________________________________________ ªÄ0*Îy:Z`;ñÃ
22. Ian Stephen, Pakistan (London: Penguin Books, 1964); Stanley
Wolpert, Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life and Time (Bombay:
Oxford University Press, 1993).
23. Zafarullah Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat [Urdu: Documenting the Blessing]
(Dhaka: Dhaka Benevolent Association, 1971); Flemming, The Cold
War and its Origins, 1917-1960; Minfred, A Short History of the
World Progress.
24. C. H. Phillip and Mary Doreen Wainright, The Partition of India
(London, 1970); Fazal Muqeem, Tag-o-Taze Javedana [Urdu:
Eternal Passion] (Lahore: Oxford University Press, 1967).
25. Jameel ud Din Ahmad, Historic Documents of Muslim Freedom
Movement (Lahore: Publishers United, 1970); Moon, Divide and
Quit; Muhammad Yameen Khan, Nama-e-Amaal [Urdu: Balance
Sheet of Deeds] (Lahore, 1970).
26. Feroz Khan Noon, Chasham Deed [Urdu: Eye Witness] (Lahore:
Ferozsons Ltd., 1974).
Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan; Qureshi, The Struggle for
Pakistan; Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat.
27. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-1951;
Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat; Jameel ud Din Ahmad, Historic Documents
of Muslim Freedom Movement (Lahore: Publishers United, 1970).
28. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-1951;
Khan, Tehdis-e-Nemat; Ahmad, Historic Documents of Muslim
Freedom Movement.
29. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1858-195;
Qureshi, The Struggle for Pakistan.
C@*gõzpÄ0*ÎyÔ�ÑðDŠc7102Y ______________________________________ 69