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DESIGNING INTERFACE
Designing the User Experience: THE FUNDAMENTALS
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2
“Like putting an Armani suit on Attila the Hun, interface design only tells how to dress up an existing behavior.” – Alan Cooper
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TRANSFORM YOUR FLOWSMaking pages out of boxes and arrows
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A task analysis
Information Architecture: Blueprints for the Web, this is a task analysis for a website for Sundance film festival, featuring a schedule planner
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Each task could have a page
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First Yahoo 1994
1995: first graphic logo
Remind you of something?
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Including the schedule creator tool…
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Wizards: Many boxes, many pages
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Use Wizards:
‣ When users want to accomplish a goal that has many steps.
Wizards are good at making sure you don’t miss a step.
‣ When the steps must be completed in order. Wizards are linear,
so it’s impossible to complete them any other way.
‣ When the task is seldom performed. Wizards can seem slow and
plodding, so they are best used in tasks you do only once in a
while, like setting up a printer.
‣ The audience is not technically savvy and is likely to be confused
by a page with a lot of choices on it. A Web site can have novice
users, and a wizard makes complex tasks seem easy.
‣ Bandwidth is low and downloading a single big page could take
forever, or the tasks require several server calls, which would
also slow the page’s load.
‣ The task has several steps in it, performed only once a visit, such
as checkout.
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WHAT SHOULD BE A WIZARD
Discuss:
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You can group tasks together
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Control Panel
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You see them on software in preferences, set occasionally, by experts
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On the web, they are often account settings
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WHAT SHOULD BE A CONTROL PANEL
Discuss
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TOOLBARSBring the settings and the thing modified together
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What if we put the tasks with the thing they were modifying?
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It’s a toolbar
Tools here Item affected here
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ToolbarsTools here Item affected
hereAnd here
And here
Photoshop: toolbars on steroids
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The web uses toolbars more sparingly
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ToolbarsTools here
Item affected here
A simpler design is better for
infrequent use.
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GROUP LIKE ITEMSLocation, palette
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QUIZWhere does the fork go?
23
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An Interface is like a table setting, the tools you need are next to the food you eat. Content is the meal.
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Two videos sites.The “meal” is the video, and the tools to consume (or play with) it
are arrayed around the main meal.
(P.S. There are toolbars too)
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Why is the response so far from the invitation?
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A BAG OF APPLESWHAT TOOLS DO YOU HAVE?WHERE DO THEY GO?
Exercise
27
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ZONE YOUR PAGE
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When designing the page, group items by similarity and similarity of task (navigation items together, editing items together)
Give them visual importance based on user number, usage frequency and importance to business.
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Create “zones”
for functionality groups.You can group
them by putting white space around
them, or use lines
Remember to keep
tools close to the thing
your working
on
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Zone this page
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HOW TO MAKE A WIREFRAME IN 30 SECONDS
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Draw a rectangle
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Add global elements
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‣Next, add the key zones
‣Start with a list of elements, perhaps written on post its. Group them, then find them homes on your page.
‣The fill in the actual elements
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Finally, Annotate
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Consider
‣ Where does the content come from? If you have a list of related articles, specify how they’re related. Are they the most viewed? Most viewed from that section?
‣ What is the nature of the content? Does it vary greatly in length, size, language, and type?
‣ Is the element required or optional? What happens if the element doesn’t appear on that page? Does the layout change?
‣ Is the element conditional? Does it vary based on other factors? For example, do administrators see additional links? What happens if an article doesn’t have an associated image? What if it does?
‣ What’s the default or expected state? Ideally, what’s supposed to happen on the page.‣ What are the alternate or error states? How does the design change when things don’t
go right?
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WIREFRAME A PAGE: 10 MINUTES
Each person from team takes one page
Search
Homepage
Item page
Checkout
38
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INTERFACE INGREDIENTSWhat goes in your wireframes?
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40
HEADER
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41CORE
PRINCIPLES & CONSIDERATIONS
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LayoutObjectsTypeColorLineHierarchyRelationships
Affordances HUDFeedbackModesInputNavigation
42
THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
INTERACTIVE (DOING)
GRAPHICAL (UNDERSTANDING)
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INTERACTIVE INTERFACE DESIGN
1. DOING
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THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
AFFORDANCES
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THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
BUTTONS LOOK PUSHABLE
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THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
BUTTONS HAVE MEANING
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THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
LINKS LOOK
CLICKABLE
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THE LANGUAGE OF INTERFACE
LINKS HAVE HIERARCHY
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ON SUBTLETY
When you don’t want to interrupt an action, be subtle (think of footnotes). If they are reading, don’t bother them.
When you need to prompt an action, subtlety will send you to the poor house.Tell your users what to do. Clarity is relaxing, not annoying.
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51
HEADS UP DISPLAY
Heads Up Display:
Information user needs
nearby to be effective
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AN EMAIL HUD52
HEADS UP DISPLAY
All HUD, no content
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A SOCIAL HUD
53
HEADS UP DISPLAY
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INPUT
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Consider ContextSet expectationsUse appropriate inputsGive swift and clear feedbackAsk for lessAB test
55
FORM PRINCIPLES
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56
FORM PRINCIPLES
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57
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58
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59
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60
ACTIVITY: DESIGN YOUR SIGNUP FORM
5 MIN.
1. Individually design a sign-up form for your project.
2. Think about the following element:
1. Name (first/last?)
2. Username/nickname?
3. Password (enter twice?)
4. Terms of Service (link/display?)
5. Sign up with Facebook/Twitter?
6. Optional demographics?
7. Over 13?
STRUCTURE OBJECTIVES
INDIVIDUALLY
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NAVIGATION
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Most IA is invisibleA lot of work no one sees
– Synonym rings– Controlled vocabulary
If it was seen, it would be too much to understand
We show only a part via navigation
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Understanding Navigation 64Messaging and Access
Where Am I?
Wh
at's N
ea
rby?
What's RelatedTo What's Here?
Global Navigation
Lo
ca
l N
avig
atio
n
Content Lives Here,With ContextualNavigation Inline
Or Separate.
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Global navigationWhere you are
– Brand/masthead
Where you can go (site offering)– Top level categories
Safety nets– Where’s my (shopping cart/account/help???)
65
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Global Navigation ‘03 vs ‘12 66
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Global navigation ‘03 vs ‘12 67
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Local NavigationI’ve started down the path…Now what?
– What are the categories of items?– What are the siblings of what I see?– What are the subcategories?– Can I narrow my search?
68
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Local Navigation 2003 69
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Secondary navigation is now temporal
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Pagination 71
Useful to reduce page download speed and cognitive overload.
Annoying for printing.
Impossible to predict what you’ll get
Users would rather scroll than click
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Facets as filters 72
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73
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Conventions
It is certainly probable,
then, that placing these
objects in expected
locations would give an
e-commerce site a
competitive edge over
those that do not…
-- Examining User Expectations for the Location of Common E-Commerce
Web ObjectsUsability News
4.1 2002
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Conventions If 90% or more of the big sites do things in a single way, then this is the de-facto standard and you have to comply. Only deviate from a design standard if your alternative design has at least 100% higher measured usability.
If 60-90% of the big sites do things in a single way, then this is a strong convention and you should comply unless your alternative design has at least 50% higher measured usability.
If less than 60% of the big sites do things in a single way, then there are no dominant conventions yet and you are free to design in an alternative way.
-- Jakob Nielsen, November 14, 1999 Alertbox column
"Identifying De-Facto Standards for E-Commerce Web Sites“ © 2003 Heidi P. Adkisson
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Conventions
‣Some things are becoming de rigor
‣Deviate when you’ve got something better
‣Not because you are bored
"Identifying De-Facto Standards for E-Commerce Web Sites“ © 2003 Heidi P. Adkisson
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Now combineFollow expectations based on conventionsDesign a hierarchy based on task importanceErr on the side of simplicity
77
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EXERCISE: COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF NAVIGATION
Find:
Global
Local
Inline
Related items
Facets as filters
Social buttons
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79Q&A